Chapter 3: Anatomy and Physiology
... Body Systems A system is a group of body structures and/or organs that perform functions for the body. Skeletal - provides framework of body Muscular - moves body Circulatory - circulates blood through body Nervous - sends and receives body messages Digestive - supplies food to body Excretory - eli ...
... Body Systems A system is a group of body structures and/or organs that perform functions for the body. Skeletal - provides framework of body Muscular - moves body Circulatory - circulates blood through body Nervous - sends and receives body messages Digestive - supplies food to body Excretory - eli ...
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of
... These studies have raised a number of important issues regarding the multisensory integration of motion information, such as the spatiotemporal modulation of such effects, the level of information processing at which such multisensory interactions take place, the hierarchy of sensory dominance for m ...
... These studies have raised a number of important issues regarding the multisensory integration of motion information, such as the spatiotemporal modulation of such effects, the level of information processing at which such multisensory interactions take place, the hierarchy of sensory dominance for m ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Why do we sleep? After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears t ...
... Why do we sleep? After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears t ...
(jns-object). - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... the gradient of any potential function so that its global distribution in hand position space is not constrained at all. In other words, this vector field need not be curl-free. The nongradient theory is more general, allowing a circular distribution of the preferred directions as in Figure 3. The n ...
... the gradient of any potential function so that its global distribution in hand position space is not constrained at all. In other words, this vector field need not be curl-free. The nongradient theory is more general, allowing a circular distribution of the preferred directions as in Figure 3. The n ...
specification of synaptic connections mediating the simple stretch
... and they develop a phenotype that is also appropriate for this location. Although these experiments examined the fate of autonomic rather than sensory neurones, it seemed possible that a similar result might apply to sensory neurones as well. We tested this idea by replacing the single brachial DRG ...
... and they develop a phenotype that is also appropriate for this location. Although these experiments examined the fate of autonomic rather than sensory neurones, it seemed possible that a similar result might apply to sensory neurones as well. We tested this idea by replacing the single brachial DRG ...
Smooth Pursuit Impairment in Schizophrenia— What Does It Mean?
... with respect to the finding of Brezinova and Kendell (1977), it is of interest that stress, fatigue, or moderate distraction did not impair tracking. Smooth pursuit in this study was only impaired when subjects had to do a difficult mental calculation (serially subtracting 13 from 200) and write dow ...
... with respect to the finding of Brezinova and Kendell (1977), it is of interest that stress, fatigue, or moderate distraction did not impair tracking. Smooth pursuit in this study was only impaired when subjects had to do a difficult mental calculation (serially subtracting 13 from 200) and write dow ...
AI Robotics - Kutztown University
... Spatial Cognition: Reasoning, Action, Interaction Established by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ...
... Spatial Cognition: Reasoning, Action, Interaction Established by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... Effects of superior colliculus (SC) inactivation on pursuit target selection. (a) The task was to smoothly track the target defined by a precue. Performance on this two-alternative task was measured before and after SC inactivation. (b) The area affected by SC inactivation was estimated by measuring ...
... Effects of superior colliculus (SC) inactivation on pursuit target selection. (a) The task was to smoothly track the target defined by a precue. Performance on this two-alternative task was measured before and after SC inactivation. (b) The area affected by SC inactivation was estimated by measuring ...
Chapter 45: Sensory Systems
... Chapter 45: Sensory Systems Photoreceptors and Visual Systems: Responding to Light ...
... Chapter 45: Sensory Systems Photoreceptors and Visual Systems: Responding to Light ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... is quite different, more linear and fragmented, like an obsessive way of thinking. An interesting study shows us that some of this activity could be explained by the concept of modular cortex. They are anatomical and functional patches of active and inactive zones of brain cortex, when in slow wave ...
... is quite different, more linear and fragmented, like an obsessive way of thinking. An interesting study shows us that some of this activity could be explained by the concept of modular cortex. They are anatomical and functional patches of active and inactive zones of brain cortex, when in slow wave ...
Linking form and motion in the primate brain
... or object when the movement is intermittent due to occluding objects or eye blinks. The extra form information might increase motion sensitivity in low signal-to-noise situations. Furthermore, object motion is an important cue in the perception of actions by others. Human developmental studies have ...
... or object when the movement is intermittent due to occluding objects or eye blinks. The extra form information might increase motion sensitivity in low signal-to-noise situations. Furthermore, object motion is an important cue in the perception of actions by others. Human developmental studies have ...
Implied Motion Activation in Cortical Area MT Can Be
... arises whether they show similar direction preference for implied motion and whether modulation of responses to one motion type by the other occurs at the level of MT. To address the above questions, we performed extracellular single and multiunit recordings in area MT of awake macaque monkeys while ...
... arises whether they show similar direction preference for implied motion and whether modulation of responses to one motion type by the other occurs at the level of MT. To address the above questions, we performed extracellular single and multiunit recordings in area MT of awake macaque monkeys while ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... imagery account suggests that subjects imagine using their hands or other body parts to move the objects – as this kind of motor imagery activates a similar network as the one observed during mental rotation (e.g., Ehrsson et al., 2003). There is also some debate that premotor activation is not rela ...
... imagery account suggests that subjects imagine using their hands or other body parts to move the objects – as this kind of motor imagery activates a similar network as the one observed during mental rotation (e.g., Ehrsson et al., 2003). There is also some debate that premotor activation is not rela ...
stretch reflex 2
... 6 & area 4s on the stretch reflex & muscle tone is inhibitory, so a lesion causing damage of area 4, 4s & 6 (UMNL) leads to increase in muscle tone •In animals the separation between the cerebral cortex & brain stem leads to marked increase in muscle tone due to the removal of the net inhibitory eff ...
... 6 & area 4s on the stretch reflex & muscle tone is inhibitory, so a lesion causing damage of area 4, 4s & 6 (UMNL) leads to increase in muscle tone •In animals the separation between the cerebral cortex & brain stem leads to marked increase in muscle tone due to the removal of the net inhibitory eff ...
Chapter 2 in PDF - International Clinic of Rehabilitation
... social intercommunication among humans, psycho-biology, the psychomotor system, movement potentials and others [Nikitiuk B. A., 1998]4. In integrative anthropology, the elementary analysis is based on integrational systems, which allows partial usage for more comprehensive understanding. Theoretical ...
... social intercommunication among humans, psycho-biology, the psychomotor system, movement potentials and others [Nikitiuk B. A., 1998]4. In integrative anthropology, the elementary analysis is based on integrational systems, which allows partial usage for more comprehensive understanding. Theoretical ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... Many important details about this putative gating mechanism remain unknown, but a circuit with these features could account for several properties of pursuit and saccades. If the gating of pursuit and saccades involved shared circuitry in the brain stem, this would provide a straightforward way to c ...
... Many important details about this putative gating mechanism remain unknown, but a circuit with these features could account for several properties of pursuit and saccades. If the gating of pursuit and saccades involved shared circuitry in the brain stem, this would provide a straightforward way to c ...
Flint_Chapter 163_main.indd
... use of information from other sensory systems that provide information about movement and posture. For example, somatosensory information from proprioceptive sensors in the limbs contributes to the sense of vertical body orientation.6 Proprioceptors in the neck mediate a cervico-ocular reflex that c ...
... use of information from other sensory systems that provide information about movement and posture. For example, somatosensory information from proprioceptive sensors in the limbs contributes to the sense of vertical body orientation.6 Proprioceptors in the neck mediate a cervico-ocular reflex that c ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... reasoning and vice versa, since there are apparently some mechanisms that are shared by visual mental images and visual perceptions. One possible resolution might be that both processes simply share the same central resources. An alternative explanation is that both perception and imagination have a ...
... reasoning and vice versa, since there are apparently some mechanisms that are shared by visual mental images and visual perceptions. One possible resolution might be that both processes simply share the same central resources. An alternative explanation is that both perception and imagination have a ...
the physiology of a lepidopteran muscle receptor
... The proprioceptive equipment of mammals is the most elaborate of any animal group. Nevertheless, muscle receptors not unlike the characteristically mammalian muscle spindles are also found among the arthropods, namely in decapod Crustacea (Alexandrowicz, 1951) and in three orders of insects (Finlays ...
... The proprioceptive equipment of mammals is the most elaborate of any animal group. Nevertheless, muscle receptors not unlike the characteristically mammalian muscle spindles are also found among the arthropods, namely in decapod Crustacea (Alexandrowicz, 1951) and in three orders of insects (Finlays ...
EEG & Sleep
... such as abnormal rage,anxiety,fear or discomfort. • There is amnesia or confused mental state for some period. • The cause, are the abnormalities in temporal lobe & tumor in hypothalamus and limbic system. ...
... such as abnormal rage,anxiety,fear or discomfort. • There is amnesia or confused mental state for some period. • The cause, are the abnormalities in temporal lobe & tumor in hypothalamus and limbic system. ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... Rapid, automatic, involuntary reactions of muscles or glands to a stimulus. All reflexes have similar properties. ...
... Rapid, automatic, involuntary reactions of muscles or glands to a stimulus. All reflexes have similar properties. ...
Lesson 19
... • The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system to muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands. ...
... • The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system to muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands. ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
Neuroscience in space
Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.