Neurons - Images
... • A nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers held together by layers of connective tissue. nerves that carry impulses to the brain or spinal cord (CNS) are referred to as sensory nerves nerves that carry impulses to the muscles or glands are referred to as motor nerves most nerves include both sensory ...
... • A nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers held together by layers of connective tissue. nerves that carry impulses to the brain or spinal cord (CNS) are referred to as sensory nerves nerves that carry impulses to the muscles or glands are referred to as motor nerves most nerves include both sensory ...
The Integrative Role of Posterior Parietal Cortex and related Clinical S
... set, in order to supply a combined and only sense of spatial dimension. SPATIAL COGNITION DISTURBS We will present to follow some disturbs related to the deficit in the spatial cognition or on the use of that as an aid to some other superior function (language, spatial orientation, attention orienta ...
... set, in order to supply a combined and only sense of spatial dimension. SPATIAL COGNITION DISTURBS We will present to follow some disturbs related to the deficit in the spatial cognition or on the use of that as an aid to some other superior function (language, spatial orientation, attention orienta ...
Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
... compensatory eye movements during self-motion (locomotion) or head movement, images of the visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and bo ...
... compensatory eye movements during self-motion (locomotion) or head movement, images of the visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and bo ...
Peripheral Nervous System Structure of a Nerve Cranial Nerves
... The 31 pairs of human spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Although each of the cranial nerves issuing from the brain is named specifically, the spinal nerves are named for the region of the cord from which they arise. Figure 7.22 shows how ...
... The 31 pairs of human spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Although each of the cranial nerves issuing from the brain is named specifically, the spinal nerves are named for the region of the cord from which they arise. Figure 7.22 shows how ...
Edwards Amy Edwards FYS 11/04/2011 Follow Your Dreams
... “The first stage is the lightest stage of sleep and is characterized by drifting in and out of sleep and slow muscle and eye activity. When people are awakened during this phase they usually have fragmented visual memory of what they were experiencing while asleep” (Cohen 2). “Many also experience s ...
... “The first stage is the lightest stage of sleep and is characterized by drifting in and out of sleep and slow muscle and eye activity. When people are awakened during this phase they usually have fragmented visual memory of what they were experiencing while asleep” (Cohen 2). “Many also experience s ...
Visually Induced Ocular Torsion
... stimuli tilt. The response was well conjugate for the right and left eye. In the first study, a visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no signi ...
... stimuli tilt. The response was well conjugate for the right and left eye. In the first study, a visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no signi ...
Visuomotor development
... a mapping of signals from various sensory modalities onto an appropriate set of efferent motor commands addressed to skeletal muscles or robotic actuators (Massone, 1995). A number of different aspects contribute to the difficulty of this task. First, investigations of the neural circuits involved i ...
... a mapping of signals from various sensory modalities onto an appropriate set of efferent motor commands addressed to skeletal muscles or robotic actuators (Massone, 1995). A number of different aspects contribute to the difficulty of this task. First, investigations of the neural circuits involved i ...
From Sensation to Perception
... From Sensation to Perception • Survival depends upon sensation and perception • Sensation – the _________________________________________ in the internal and external environment ...
... From Sensation to Perception • Survival depends upon sensation and perception • Sensation – the _________________________________________ in the internal and external environment ...
The Scientific Foundations of Applied Kinesiology
... Viscero-somatic reflex phenomena have been validated in the research. 16 Irritation to specific organs has been observed to result in muscle inhibition primarily of the muscle(s) associated with the irritated organ and secondarily and to a lesser degree with other muscles of the body. This outcome c ...
... Viscero-somatic reflex phenomena have been validated in the research. 16 Irritation to specific organs has been observed to result in muscle inhibition primarily of the muscle(s) associated with the irritated organ and secondarily and to a lesser degree with other muscles of the body. This outcome c ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... Cutaneous Reflexes • Abdominal Reflex – Drawing in of the abdominal wall in response to stroking the side of the abdomen – T9-T12 spinal nerves and segments of the spinal cord ...
... Cutaneous Reflexes • Abdominal Reflex – Drawing in of the abdominal wall in response to stroking the side of the abdomen – T9-T12 spinal nerves and segments of the spinal cord ...
BE 310 Final Project: Reflex Response of the Knee
... neurons act directly on motor neurons that contract the quadriceps. By the same token, they act indirectly, through inhibitory interneurons, to inhibit motor neurons that contract the antagonist muscle, the hamstring. The sensory neurons also end in projection interneurons that transmit information ...
... neurons act directly on motor neurons that contract the quadriceps. By the same token, they act indirectly, through inhibitory interneurons, to inhibit motor neurons that contract the antagonist muscle, the hamstring. The sensory neurons also end in projection interneurons that transmit information ...
Reflexes
... generate nerve impulses which are propagated toward the axon terminals. 5. Acetylcholine released by the motor neurons causes the flexor muscles in the thigh (effectors) to contract, withdrawing the leg. The reflex is protective as contraction of the flexor muscles moves the limb to avoid pain. The ...
... generate nerve impulses which are propagated toward the axon terminals. 5. Acetylcholine released by the motor neurons causes the flexor muscles in the thigh (effectors) to contract, withdrawing the leg. The reflex is protective as contraction of the flexor muscles moves the limb to avoid pain. The ...
Making Arm Movements Within Different Parts of Space: Dynamic
... et al., 1966), we found that, within a given part of space, the activity of 169 (96.0%) cells studied increased most for a given preferred direction and less for other directions of movement. This change was graded in an orderly fashion. We further analyzed the orientation in space of the cells’ pre ...
... et al., 1966), we found that, within a given part of space, the activity of 169 (96.0%) cells studied increased most for a given preferred direction and less for other directions of movement. This change was graded in an orderly fashion. We further analyzed the orientation in space of the cells’ pre ...
Color Atlas of Neurology
... nerve fibers conduct the impulses generated by activated receptors to neurons in the central nervous system, which fire impulses that are then transmitted through efferent nerve fibers to the cells, muscles, or organs that carry out the reflex response. The pathway as a whole is known as the reflex ...
... nerve fibers conduct the impulses generated by activated receptors to neurons in the central nervous system, which fire impulses that are then transmitted through efferent nerve fibers to the cells, muscles, or organs that carry out the reflex response. The pathway as a whole is known as the reflex ...
Chapter 7 States of Consciousness II
... hypnosis from this perspective as a willingness to divide the main systems of consciousness into different sectors. He argued that this split in consciousness can not only help define the state of mind reached during hypnosis, but can also help to define a vast range of psychological issues such as ...
... hypnosis from this perspective as a willingness to divide the main systems of consciousness into different sectors. He argued that this split in consciousness can not only help define the state of mind reached during hypnosis, but can also help to define a vast range of psychological issues such as ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Boston Retinal Implant Project
... • Astroglial barrier to neural integration in retinal transplantation 2. Description of Research The research of my laboratory has been focused on the study of mechanisms that control neural differentiation, growth, and regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating the mech ...
... • Astroglial barrier to neural integration in retinal transplantation 2. Description of Research The research of my laboratory has been focused on the study of mechanisms that control neural differentiation, growth, and regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating the mech ...
Chapter 15 - Las Positas College
... that provide a stable internal environment for you. Some of the important visceral functions under the regulation of the ANS are maintenance of heart rate and blood pressure, digestion, and urination. Anatomically, the ANS is described as a motor (efferent) pathway made up of two neurons, and Chapte ...
... that provide a stable internal environment for you. Some of the important visceral functions under the regulation of the ANS are maintenance of heart rate and blood pressure, digestion, and urination. Anatomically, the ANS is described as a motor (efferent) pathway made up of two neurons, and Chapte ...
Control and Coordination
... neurons) and nerves found on either side of the backbone. It is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It controls the involuntary actions of the internal organs of the body like heart etc. You will learn more about autonomic nervous system in higher classes. 28.6 REFLEX AC ...
... neurons) and nerves found on either side of the backbone. It is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It controls the involuntary actions of the internal organs of the body like heart etc. You will learn more about autonomic nervous system in higher classes. 28.6 REFLEX AC ...
Representation of Movement
... to move smoothly and continuously but rather suddenly jump to a new location. Further, the condition is only associated with deficits in motion processing, without changes in acuity or localization abilities. A number of fundamental psychophysical observations are critical for understanding the phys ...
... to move smoothly and continuously but rather suddenly jump to a new location. Further, the condition is only associated with deficits in motion processing, without changes in acuity or localization abilities. A number of fundamental psychophysical observations are critical for understanding the phys ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... safety11. This escape response is triggered by information that enters the system through arrays of hair cells located on its tail and abdomen12–14. Signals related to water or air displacements are reported to a network of interneurons that synapse on to giant command neurons, which directly elicit ...
... safety11. This escape response is triggered by information that enters the system through arrays of hair cells located on its tail and abdomen12–14. Signals related to water or air displacements are reported to a network of interneurons that synapse on to giant command neurons, which directly elicit ...
Neuroscience in space
Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.