Sensory Part 1
... Similar to blood plasma Helps maintain intraocular pressure Provides nutrients for the lens and cornea Reabsorbed into venous blood through the scleral venous ...
... Similar to blood plasma Helps maintain intraocular pressure Provides nutrients for the lens and cornea Reabsorbed into venous blood through the scleral venous ...
Reflexes. Reaction time.
... sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioral response • RT is fastest when there is only one possible response (simple reaction time) and becomes slower as additional response options are added (choice reaction time) • RT is slowing as the number of synapses increases • simplest reaction to stimul ...
... sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioral response • RT is fastest when there is only one possible response (simple reaction time) and becomes slower as additional response options are added (choice reaction time) • RT is slowing as the number of synapses increases • simplest reaction to stimul ...
different sensory modalities
... extension of the superficial ones – somatosensory neurons in the deeper layers have large receptive fields and are organized in maps which show a regular relationship with visual maps: the front of the animal is represented rostral while the hindparts are caudal, the upper surface is represented med ...
... extension of the superficial ones – somatosensory neurons in the deeper layers have large receptive fields and are organized in maps which show a regular relationship with visual maps: the front of the animal is represented rostral while the hindparts are caudal, the upper surface is represented med ...
body digest theses on the disappearing body in the hypermodern
... THE BODY AS SIMULACRUM In our past evolution, the body has been molded in a 1-G gravitational field. The notion of designing the body for new environments fascinates me. Is it possible to create a thing to transcend the environment? Unplug; ging the body from this planet . . . Over four-million year ...
... THE BODY AS SIMULACRUM In our past evolution, the body has been molded in a 1-G gravitational field. The notion of designing the body for new environments fascinates me. Is it possible to create a thing to transcend the environment? Unplug; ging the body from this planet . . . Over four-million year ...
Mental Set Alters Visibility of Moving Targets Mental Set
... dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data are given for each of six 50-trial blocks. The mathematical theory of the ideal detector states that the loss of visibility will be greatest when the two possible, alternative directions are detected by orthogonal (independen ...
... dots moved rightward. This can be seen in Fig. 1 where one observer's data are given for each of six 50-trial blocks. The mathematical theory of the ideal detector states that the loss of visibility will be greatest when the two possible, alternative directions are detected by orthogonal (independen ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... wide-spread feedback in the form of closed sensorimotor loops, the brain is able to distinguish external motion from self-generated movements (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008), update sensory representations (Duhamel et al., 1992) and motor execution (Azim et al., 2014), and optimize active sensation (Kle ...
... wide-spread feedback in the form of closed sensorimotor loops, the brain is able to distinguish external motion from self-generated movements (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008), update sensory representations (Duhamel et al., 1992) and motor execution (Azim et al., 2014), and optimize active sensation (Kle ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linear decoders1–6. For a completely stationary stimulus, the activi ...
... action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linear decoders1–6. For a completely stationary stimulus, the activi ...
Insomnia Algorithm for the Management of Insomnia
... • For some, playing mental games at bedtime may not be helpful at all • exaggeration of the consequences of not getting enough sleep (“it will be a disaster if I don’t get 8 hours of sleep”) • faulty thinking about the cause of your insomnia (“insomnia is completely caused by a biochemical ...
... • For some, playing mental games at bedtime may not be helpful at all • exaggeration of the consequences of not getting enough sleep (“it will be a disaster if I don’t get 8 hours of sleep”) • faulty thinking about the cause of your insomnia (“insomnia is completely caused by a biochemical ...
Peripheral Nervous System 1: The Somatic System
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
Peripheral Nervous System 1: The Somatic System
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
PPT - Ohio University
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
nerve - Ohio University
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
Peripheral Nervous System 1: The Somatic System
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter and test stimuli had a central fixation spot to help maintain fixation. ...
... were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter and test stimuli had a central fixation spot to help maintain fixation. ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... sleeplessness at night until clock re-synchronizes with new environment • Traveling west = “phase-delay”, traveling east= “phaseadvance”. Phase delays are easier for your clock to adjust to. ...
... sleeplessness at night until clock re-synchronizes with new environment • Traveling west = “phase-delay”, traveling east= “phaseadvance”. Phase delays are easier for your clock to adjust to. ...
Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic
... II. Sensory Receptors and Their Classification, p. 496 ...
... II. Sensory Receptors and Their Classification, p. 496 ...
Restoring axonal localization and transport of transmembrane
... repair however, a better awareness of the mechanisms required for targeting delivery into CNS axons remains. The answer to this problem may include a combination of several approaches such as biomaterials and nanoparticles, cell replacement, modification of ECM, and gene therapy. Viral vectors allow ...
... repair however, a better awareness of the mechanisms required for targeting delivery into CNS axons remains. The answer to this problem may include a combination of several approaches such as biomaterials and nanoparticles, cell replacement, modification of ECM, and gene therapy. Viral vectors allow ...
Peripheral Nervous System The Somatic System
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
... CNS vs. PNS Central Nervous System • brain & spinal cord • integration of info passing to & from the periphery Peripheral Nervous System • 12 cranial nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Naming convention changes at C7/T1 Collection of nerve cell bodies: • CNS: nucleus • PNS: ganglion ...
Acoustic-Motor Reflexes - Neurobiology of Hearing
... Up to two months of life, when a baby is startled, its arms extend forwards with the palms upwards and the thumbs flexed. This reflex occurs when a baby is startled by an intense sound or it feels as though it were falling. It is specifically termed the moro reflex Sometimes babies are startled by ...
... Up to two months of life, when a baby is startled, its arms extend forwards with the palms upwards and the thumbs flexed. This reflex occurs when a baby is startled by an intense sound or it feels as though it were falling. It is specifically termed the moro reflex Sometimes babies are startled by ...
LESSON PLAN
... Conclusion: ½ anterior part of the spinal cord has a ……… nature ½ posterior part of the spinal cord has a ……………. nature - in the central part there is the …………. canal where ………….. fluid can be found Structure of spinal nerve - the spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with r……….. and e……… Structure ...
... Conclusion: ½ anterior part of the spinal cord has a ……… nature ½ posterior part of the spinal cord has a ……………. nature - in the central part there is the …………. canal where ………….. fluid can be found Structure of spinal nerve - the spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with r……….. and e……… Structure ...
Abstract 1. Introduction Temporal dynamics of perception and the
... A large body of experimental and theoretical work has addressed the question of how various local motion measurements are integrated to produce veridical calculations of object motion. Our purpose here is not to review the entire literature (for this, see Pack & Born, 2007), but rather to focus on o ...
... A large body of experimental and theoretical work has addressed the question of how various local motion measurements are integrated to produce veridical calculations of object motion. Our purpose here is not to review the entire literature (for this, see Pack & Born, 2007), but rather to focus on o ...
Consciousness and Sleep
... becomes very active (even more so than when the person is awake), but the person does not wake up. The electrodes placed near the person's eye detect rapid eye movements so pronounced that one can even watch the sleeper's eye move around beneath the closed eyelids. This stage is known as REM sleep; ...
... becomes very active (even more so than when the person is awake), but the person does not wake up. The electrodes placed near the person's eye detect rapid eye movements so pronounced that one can even watch the sleeper's eye move around beneath the closed eyelids. This stage is known as REM sleep; ...
Reflex arcs PowerPoint
... Stimulation of the Reflex Response The speed of the reflex response can be increase by several factors: Exposure to adrenaline (Sympathetic Nervous System) Exposure to stimulant drugs (Caffeine, Beta Amphetamines/Speed) ...
... Stimulation of the Reflex Response The speed of the reflex response can be increase by several factors: Exposure to adrenaline (Sympathetic Nervous System) Exposure to stimulant drugs (Caffeine, Beta Amphetamines/Speed) ...
Visual signals in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus of the alert
... the small, 0.6 deg diameter test spot was oscillated with different amplitudes at 0.2 Hz, the magnitude of the transient response generally increased with increases in peak stimulus velocity (Fig. 1D). The persistence of the direction selective DLPN activity was investigated during smooth-pursuit ey ...
... the small, 0.6 deg diameter test spot was oscillated with different amplitudes at 0.2 Hz, the magnitude of the transient response generally increased with increases in peak stimulus velocity (Fig. 1D). The persistence of the direction selective DLPN activity was investigated during smooth-pursuit ey ...
Neuroscience in space
Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.