... via electron-beam lithography, electron-beam evaporation and lift off processing (Figure 1B). In order to study the modulation response, a continuous wave laser beam at telecom wavelengths is free-space coupled into and out of the SOI waveguide via grating couplers as shown in Figure 1B, while a vol ...
Fabry-Perot Interferometer FABRYPEROT.TEX KB 20020122
... wavelength of the light and the plate geometry are fulfilled, otherwise the light is more or less blocked. These conditions can be adjusted by changing the wavelength and/or the geometry. Thus Fabry-Perot plates can be used to measure or to control light wavelengths or to measure geometric propertie ...
... wavelength of the light and the plate geometry are fulfilled, otherwise the light is more or less blocked. These conditions can be adjusted by changing the wavelength and/or the geometry. Thus Fabry-Perot plates can be used to measure or to control light wavelengths or to measure geometric propertie ...
Telescopes for CCD Imaging
... These generally provide slow focal ratios (f/10 or more) and longer focal lengths (2000mm +) unless used with focal reducers. ...
... These generally provide slow focal ratios (f/10 or more) and longer focal lengths (2000mm +) unless used with focal reducers. ...
Electron Beam Lithography
... operational principle of the magnetic lenses. To get an impression of the resolution of SEM in comparison to optical microscope calculate the theoretical wave length for electrons (for example with acceleration voltage of 40 kV). Compare the result to the wave length of visible light (600 nm). ...
... operational principle of the magnetic lenses. To get an impression of the resolution of SEM in comparison to optical microscope calculate the theoretical wave length for electrons (for example with acceleration voltage of 40 kV). Compare the result to the wave length of visible light (600 nm). ...
Improved Theoretical Reflectivities of Extreme Ultraviolet Mirrors
... is a tolerance, and m is the number of target values. In a previous paper [14] we have described in detail how esoteric optimization procedures such as needle optimization [15,16] can be employed to further enhance the reflector performance. However, in this work, we confine the discussion to a few ...
... is a tolerance, and m is the number of target values. In a previous paper [14] we have described in detail how esoteric optimization procedures such as needle optimization [15,16] can be employed to further enhance the reflector performance. However, in this work, we confine the discussion to a few ...
2 Modeling and Design of Lens Systems
... c) lens shape for ideal on-axis focusing aspherical lens behavior if illuminated off-axis d) illumination with multiple wavelengths chromatic aberrations ...
... c) lens shape for ideal on-axis focusing aspherical lens behavior if illuminated off-axis d) illumination with multiple wavelengths chromatic aberrations ...
Evaluation and application of spatial light modulators for
... system creates a monochrome image for each primary color: red, green, blue. The information is transferred to the DMD in a 10-bit digital format to achieve full color depth. Each DMD creates up to 1024 shades of gray. The densely arranged mirrors provide an on-screen fill factor of greater than 90% ...
... system creates a monochrome image for each primary color: red, green, blue. The information is transferred to the DMD in a 10-bit digital format to achieve full color depth. Each DMD creates up to 1024 shades of gray. The densely arranged mirrors provide an on-screen fill factor of greater than 90% ...
Special-Effect Pigments
... Light impinging on a pigment is partly reflected from its surface and partly refracted through it. This causes wavelength shifts, with individual rays of light intermingling and so causing the familiar interference. When wave crest meets wave crest, the amplitude becomes more intense. A wave trough ...
... Light impinging on a pigment is partly reflected from its surface and partly refracted through it. This causes wavelength shifts, with individual rays of light intermingling and so causing the familiar interference. When wave crest meets wave crest, the amplitude becomes more intense. A wave trough ...
Light Simulation with Participating Media - HAL
... that all phase functions φ can be R ~ ·ω ~ ′ )φ (ω ~ ·ω ~ ′ )d ω ′ . approximated by an HG phase function by calculating g = 4π (ω ...
... that all phase functions φ can be R ~ ·ω ~ ′ )φ (ω ~ ·ω ~ ′ )d ω ′ . approximated by an HG phase function by calculating g = 4π (ω ...
Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space
... a singularity. Vortices are H characterized by a topological charge, l 苷 共1兾2p兲 =wds, where w is the phase of the beam and l is an integer. Until now, research had focused mainly on f ield dislocations in scalar waves. However, if we allow for the polarization to be space varying (i.e., transversely ...
... a singularity. Vortices are H characterized by a topological charge, l 苷 共1兾2p兲 =wds, where w is the phase of the beam and l is an integer. Until now, research had focused mainly on f ield dislocations in scalar waves. However, if we allow for the polarization to be space varying (i.e., transversely ...
Verification on Malus`s Law
... With this set, the experiment of the Malus’s Law verification of light polarization can be done without the need of expensive optical detector for quantitative measurement. Students will develop their own simple optical sensor if the set is developed as a project. This set of experiment integrates t ...
... With this set, the experiment of the Malus’s Law verification of light polarization can be done without the need of expensive optical detector for quantitative measurement. Students will develop their own simple optical sensor if the set is developed as a project. This set of experiment integrates t ...
GPS General Particle Source
... the emitted photon frequency increases and their number decreases ...
... the emitted photon frequency increases and their number decreases ...
Reversing Light: Negative Refraction
... But perhaps the most immediately accessible phenomenon from an experimental or computational point-of-view is the reversal of wave refraction, illustrated in figure 2. Snell’s law, which describes quantitatively the bending of a wave as it enters a medium, is perhaps one of the oldest and most well ...
... But perhaps the most immediately accessible phenomenon from an experimental or computational point-of-view is the reversal of wave refraction, illustrated in figure 2. Snell’s law, which describes quantitatively the bending of a wave as it enters a medium, is perhaps one of the oldest and most well ...
Time-Reversal Generation of Rogue Waves
... from the experimentally determined wave breaking thresholds [19,28]. Knowing the amplitude a0 and the steepness ε0 of the background, the wave number is trivially k0 ¼ ε0 =a0 . The wave frequency can then be determined from the linear dispersion relation of waves in deep water pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ω0 ¼ gk0 , wh ...
... from the experimentally determined wave breaking thresholds [19,28]. Knowing the amplitude a0 and the steepness ε0 of the background, the wave number is trivially k0 ¼ ε0 =a0 . The wave frequency can then be determined from the linear dispersion relation of waves in deep water pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ω0 ¼ gk0 , wh ...
University of Groningen CURVATURE MEASUREMENT
... practice. The measuring devices, called (optical) spherometers (lens surfaces commonly have a spherical shape), all are different types of reflected-light microscopes. Here, a simple spherometrical method is introduced, which can be executed with any standard microscope equipped with an epi-illumina ...
... practice. The measuring devices, called (optical) spherometers (lens surfaces commonly have a spherical shape), all are different types of reflected-light microscopes. Here, a simple spherometrical method is introduced, which can be executed with any standard microscope equipped with an epi-illumina ...
Bragg waveguides with low-index liquid cores
... Binary layered structures are attracting increasing interest for applications in which their resonant response or efficient reflection abilities can be exploited. They are the most simple multilayer optical structures. By using a binary layered structure as a waveguide cladding, first discussed in d ...
... Binary layered structures are attracting increasing interest for applications in which their resonant response or efficient reflection abilities can be exploited. They are the most simple multilayer optical structures. By using a binary layered structure as a waveguide cladding, first discussed in d ...
Comparison of two-color methods based on wavelength and
... the air parameters are inhomogeneously distributed in the optical path, the averaged air parameters can be measured with several sensors [1]. However, the direct measurement of air parameters with high precision in an open-air field can be difficult. On the other hand, the inhomogeneous distribution ...
... the air parameters are inhomogeneously distributed in the optical path, the averaged air parameters can be measured with several sensors [1]. However, the direct measurement of air parameters with high precision in an open-air field can be difficult. On the other hand, the inhomogeneous distribution ...
IMAGING WITH THZ PULSES TX 7725
... beam [9]. As a result, if the sample reflects the THz pulse without distortion, then the delay of the reference arm can be adjusted so that the two pulses destructively interfere at the detector, and almost no signal is detected. Figure 3(a) depicts a waveform in which the sample and reference pulse ...
... beam [9]. As a result, if the sample reflects the THz pulse without distortion, then the delay of the reference arm can be adjusted so that the two pulses destructively interfere at the detector, and almost no signal is detected. Figure 3(a) depicts a waveform in which the sample and reference pulse ...
Poisson’s spot with molecules Please share
... The two sets of model calculations shown in Fig. 4 correspond to a disk with 共continuous line兲 and without 共dashed lines兲 edge roughness, revealing its effect on the Poissonspot intensity. At the closest distance considerable dampening may be noted while at the farthest position the difference to an ...
... The two sets of model calculations shown in Fig. 4 correspond to a disk with 共continuous line兲 and without 共dashed lines兲 edge roughness, revealing its effect on the Poissonspot intensity. At the closest distance considerable dampening may be noted while at the farthest position the difference to an ...
Flat Surface Testing
... A 1 meter diameter flat is being tested using a Ritchey Common test at an angle of incidence of 45°. A Frankenian widget is being used to measure the distance between the S and T foci and hence determine the radius of curvature of the so called flat. While we do not study Frankenian widgets in this ...
... A 1 meter diameter flat is being tested using a Ritchey Common test at an angle of incidence of 45°. A Frankenian widget is being used to measure the distance between the S and T foci and hence determine the radius of curvature of the so called flat. While we do not study Frankenian widgets in this ...
Review !x
... ! Our first example of the interference of light is Young’s double slit experiment ...
... ! Our first example of the interference of light is Young’s double slit experiment ...
JMG_Paper2_GainingSuperpowersThroughMetamaterials
... physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin were able to establish that the motion observed by Brown was the result of the grain of pollen interacting with the water molecules (Nott 43). To me, this research is the precursor to the modern efforts to use a nanoparticle as a synthetic molecule within the host sub ...
... physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin were able to establish that the motion observed by Brown was the result of the grain of pollen interacting with the water molecules (Nott 43). To me, this research is the precursor to the modern efforts to use a nanoparticle as a synthetic molecule within the host sub ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.