Other photon-lithographies
... different deflections of mirror surfaces. • Similar to DMDs (digital micro-mirror devices) that has been widely used in video projectors. • The reflected light pattern is imaged through a de-magnifying optical system onto photo-resist. • Unlike laser direct write, SLM can use pulsed laser with short ...
... different deflections of mirror surfaces. • Similar to DMDs (digital micro-mirror devices) that has been widely used in video projectors. • The reflected light pattern is imaged through a de-magnifying optical system onto photo-resist. • Unlike laser direct write, SLM can use pulsed laser with short ...
3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution
... independent and can with advantage be used at the same time (I5M). In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
... independent and can with advantage be used at the same time (I5M). In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
Microscopy Overview
... For S = 0 the illumination is purely coherent, while for S → ∞ imaging becomes purely incoherent, thus corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion. (So S should really be called an incoherence parameter.) An important in-between case is when S = 1, when the apertures of objective and condenser are equal ...
... For S = 0 the illumination is purely coherent, while for S → ∞ imaging becomes purely incoherent, thus corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion. (So S should really be called an incoherence parameter.) An important in-between case is when S = 1, when the apertures of objective and condenser are equal ...
Relation between nonlinear refractive index and
... nonlinearities. In the case of pure metals, although the intrinsic third-order nonlinearities are very small ( ( 3 ) of a Drude gas is expected to be imaginary and around 10⫺13 esu), 15 the ratio k 0 /n 0 can reach values of the order of 1 (and of the order of 10 as we move further towards the inf ...
... nonlinearities. In the case of pure metals, although the intrinsic third-order nonlinearities are very small ( ( 3 ) of a Drude gas is expected to be imaginary and around 10⫺13 esu), 15 the ratio k 0 /n 0 can reach values of the order of 1 (and of the order of 10 as we move further towards the inf ...
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck
... zirconia materials activate and isomerize small alkanes at low temperatures. The nature of the active sites—possibly more than one type—is still debated. After creating procedures for the reliable synthesis of highly active sulfated zirconia catalysts1 and understanding the solid state chemistry,2 s ...
... zirconia materials activate and isomerize small alkanes at low temperatures. The nature of the active sites—possibly more than one type—is still debated. After creating procedures for the reliable synthesis of highly active sulfated zirconia catalysts1 and understanding the solid state chemistry,2 s ...
OPTICS OF ANISOTROPIC LAYERED MEDIA: A
... wheres=N+ 1 and tN+l20. Eqs.(16) and (21) show how systematic the matrix method is for treating electromagnetic propagation in anisotropic layered media. If eq. (21) is represented graphically in fig. 2, two dynamical matrices can be seen to be associated with each layer. The overall transfer matrix ...
... wheres=N+ 1 and tN+l20. Eqs.(16) and (21) show how systematic the matrix method is for treating electromagnetic propagation in anisotropic layered media. If eq. (21) is represented graphically in fig. 2, two dynamical matrices can be seen to be associated with each layer. The overall transfer matrix ...
The retrieval of ozone`s absorption coefficient in the stratosphere
... flexible technique for simulating the propagation of light in turbid media, and that the optical study of materials and other components provide information of the surface morphology and internal structure due to the interaction of light with matter. This approach is useful because make it possible ...
... flexible technique for simulating the propagation of light in turbid media, and that the optical study of materials and other components provide information of the surface morphology and internal structure due to the interaction of light with matter. This approach is useful because make it possible ...
Amplitude and Phase of Tightly Focused Laser Beams in Turbid Media
... the focal spot along both lateral and axial dimensions [5]. Current formulations of diffraction theory, being limited to homogeneous media, cannot describe these important changes to the focal volume. Monte Carlo methods can be used to solve the radiative transport equation by simulating light propa ...
... the focal spot along both lateral and axial dimensions [5]. Current formulations of diffraction theory, being limited to homogeneous media, cannot describe these important changes to the focal volume. Monte Carlo methods can be used to solve the radiative transport equation by simulating light propa ...
Experiments in Optics - Workspace
... demonstrator if you have any doubt]. Finally, make your set of measurements. You will have probably already noticed that background illumination affects your measurements so try to ensure that this remains constant and/or is very much reduced during the complete run. You may notice that the meter re ...
... demonstrator if you have any doubt]. Finally, make your set of measurements. You will have probably already noticed that background illumination affects your measurements so try to ensure that this remains constant and/or is very much reduced during the complete run. You may notice that the meter re ...
Optical losses
... in Figure(3) . Inhomogeneities can be either structural or compositional in nature. In structural inhomogeneities, the basic molecular structure has random components, whereas, in compositional inhomogeneity, the chemical composition of the material varies. The net effect from either inhomogeneity i ...
... in Figure(3) . Inhomogeneities can be either structural or compositional in nature. In structural inhomogeneities, the basic molecular structure has random components, whereas, in compositional inhomogeneity, the chemical composition of the material varies. The net effect from either inhomogeneity i ...
THE FARADAY AND KERR EFFECTS The Faraday and Kerr Effects
... throughout the 1800s. In 1845, in attempt to determine whether the polarity of light was affected by strong electric fields when passed through a transparent insulator, Faraday failed to detect any changes and turned his efforts toward magnetic fields. In due course, Faraday successfully found that ...
... throughout the 1800s. In 1845, in attempt to determine whether the polarity of light was affected by strong electric fields when passed through a transparent insulator, Faraday failed to detect any changes and turned his efforts toward magnetic fields. In due course, Faraday successfully found that ...
Wave Characteristics
... Slinky Waves Hand of one partner = vibrating source of energy Slinky = material medium through which energy is transferred Frequency of wave = number of complete cycles passing a given point in a unit of time (i.e. a second) Frequency of wave is determined by the source (person) Once a wa ...
... Slinky Waves Hand of one partner = vibrating source of energy Slinky = material medium through which energy is transferred Frequency of wave = number of complete cycles passing a given point in a unit of time (i.e. a second) Frequency of wave is determined by the source (person) Once a wa ...
Etching of Niobium Sample Placed on Superconducting Radio
... discharge configurations (a) long wavelength asymmetric capacitively coupled RF discharge, where the wavelength exceeds the cavity length by an order of magnitude and (b) short wavelength coaxial cavity microwave discharge, where the wavelength corresponds to the similar order as iris to iris distan ...
... discharge configurations (a) long wavelength asymmetric capacitively coupled RF discharge, where the wavelength exceeds the cavity length by an order of magnitude and (b) short wavelength coaxial cavity microwave discharge, where the wavelength corresponds to the similar order as iris to iris distan ...
Interference with monochromatic light
... Example for division of amplitude: the Fabry–Pérot interferometer, example for division of wavefront: the diffraction grating. Our analysis shall be restricted to the Fabry–Pérot interferometer, because the grating can be better treated with the concept of diffraction and Fourier optics. The Fabry ...
... Example for division of amplitude: the Fabry–Pérot interferometer, example for division of wavefront: the diffraction grating. Our analysis shall be restricted to the Fabry–Pérot interferometer, because the grating can be better treated with the concept of diffraction and Fourier optics. The Fabry ...
How can I tell what the polarization axis is for a linear polarizer? The
... To achieve the phase shift designated for any given retarder, the optical thickness of the material is selected to give the desired shift at a specific wavelength. Retarders are very wavelength dependent. Wavelengths close to the design or slight thickness differences will result in a slightly inacc ...
... To achieve the phase shift designated for any given retarder, the optical thickness of the material is selected to give the desired shift at a specific wavelength. Retarders are very wavelength dependent. Wavelengths close to the design or slight thickness differences will result in a slightly inacc ...
Metal-optic and Plasmonic Semiconductor
... reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimentally demonstrated one nanolaser based on plasmonic transduction and another laser based on meta ...
... reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimentally demonstrated one nanolaser based on plasmonic transduction and another laser based on meta ...
HIGH EFFICIENT LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH ADDITIONAL
... GaN and InGaN UV-emitting LEDs 2 are generally known in the art. UV-emitting LED 2 has an emission peak at 360-420, optionally about 380-400 nm. Usually, a combination of tree phosphors – blue, green, and red, excited by the UV emission from LED 2, is applied to generate a white light. The different ...
... GaN and InGaN UV-emitting LEDs 2 are generally known in the art. UV-emitting LED 2 has an emission peak at 360-420, optionally about 380-400 nm. Usually, a combination of tree phosphors – blue, green, and red, excited by the UV emission from LED 2, is applied to generate a white light. The different ...
Three-dimensional imaging by optical sectioning in the aberration
... can see that they appear out of focus, while in figure 3b they now appear to be in focus compared with the other particles. From this, we can infer that these particles are at different heights on the support. To counter the effects of sample drift, each image in the focal series was aligned using a ...
... can see that they appear out of focus, while in figure 3b they now appear to be in focus compared with the other particles. From this, we can infer that these particles are at different heights on the support. To counter the effects of sample drift, each image in the focal series was aligned using a ...
Pulsed-source and swept-source spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with reduced motion artifacts
... sample movement is greater than a half optical wavelength during the pulse duration. Therefore, the short pulsed technique (τ << T) offers a significant advantage over the conventional cw operation in terms of motion-induced signal fading. Similarly, the pulsed operation also reduces the degradation ...
... sample movement is greater than a half optical wavelength during the pulse duration. Therefore, the short pulsed technique (τ << T) offers a significant advantage over the conventional cw operation in terms of motion-induced signal fading. Similarly, the pulsed operation also reduces the degradation ...
Proximity Detection IR LED and Optical Crosstalk
... the IR LED, which shines invisible light onto the target, and the sensor, which senses the very small amount of light reflected from the target to the sensor. The introduction of glass (or plastic) can create a path for optical crosstalk which is impacted by the air gap between the sensor/LED and gl ...
... the IR LED, which shines invisible light onto the target, and the sensor, which senses the very small amount of light reflected from the target to the sensor. The introduction of glass (or plastic) can create a path for optical crosstalk which is impacted by the air gap between the sensor/LED and gl ...
... via electron-beam lithography, electron-beam evaporation and lift off processing (Figure 1B). In order to study the modulation response, a continuous wave laser beam at telecom wavelengths is free-space coupled into and out of the SOI waveguide via grating couplers as shown in Figure 1B, while a vol ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.