Experimental Realization of Two Decoupled Directional Couplers in a
... integrated photonic circuits and are widely used in devices such as optical modulators and switches for high-speed communication and on-chip data processing.2−4 More recently, the directional coupler has been harnessed as the building block for photonic quantum integrated circuits and shown to enabl ...
... integrated photonic circuits and are widely used in devices such as optical modulators and switches for high-speed communication and on-chip data processing.2−4 More recently, the directional coupler has been harnessed as the building block for photonic quantum integrated circuits and shown to enabl ...
Mirages with atmospheric gravity waves
... atmosphere is modeled as a set of concentric spherical shells. The temperature profile, required by the program as input data, specifies a set of elevations and their temperatures. These elevations define isotherms that form the boundaries between the spherical shells (layers). The temperature is co ...
... atmosphere is modeled as a set of concentric spherical shells. The temperature profile, required by the program as input data, specifies a set of elevations and their temperatures. These elevations define isotherms that form the boundaries between the spherical shells (layers). The temperature is co ...
Subnanometer-accuracy optical distance ruler based on fluorescence quenching by transparent conductors R
... peak emission at 540 nm] are dispersed onto the cover glasses at concentrations that are close to, but slightly higher than, those typically used for single-molecule studies. This way we average over a few to a few tens of molecules per measurement while avoiding self-quenching. We note that quantum ...
... peak emission at 540 nm] are dispersed onto the cover glasses at concentrations that are close to, but slightly higher than, those typically used for single-molecule studies. This way we average over a few to a few tens of molecules per measurement while avoiding self-quenching. We note that quantum ...
Plasmonic metamaterials Review Kan Yao and Yongmin Liu*
... negative refractive index. On the other hand, the low-frequency, symmetric SPP mode (below the surface plasmon resonance frequency) appears to have a positive refractive index, as its group and phase velocities are simultaneously positive. Utilizing these properties, Lezec et al. directly demonstra ...
... negative refractive index. On the other hand, the low-frequency, symmetric SPP mode (below the surface plasmon resonance frequency) appears to have a positive refractive index, as its group and phase velocities are simultaneously positive. Utilizing these properties, Lezec et al. directly demonstra ...
Arbitrary GRIN component fabrication in optically
... monomer, leaving a permanent, photoinsensitive part. To determine the refractive index profiles of the fabricated structures, the samples are imaged onto a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The refractive index profile is quantified by relating the measured optical path differen ...
... monomer, leaving a permanent, photoinsensitive part. To determine the refractive index profiles of the fabricated structures, the samples are imaged onto a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The refractive index profile is quantified by relating the measured optical path differen ...
reflection and planar mirrors
... 3. Objects and Images 3a. Definition of Object and Image. If an object, i.e. a source of light, is placed in front of a mirror, the Law of Reflection can be used to construct the reflected rays, which if extended backward intersect to form an “image” of the object. This is shown for the simplest of ...
... 3. Objects and Images 3a. Definition of Object and Image. If an object, i.e. a source of light, is placed in front of a mirror, the Law of Reflection can be used to construct the reflected rays, which if extended backward intersect to form an “image” of the object. This is shown for the simplest of ...
Mechanisms of structural colour in the Morpho butterfly: cooperation
... separation with the Gaussian correlation function. The other parameters are the same as (b). ...
... separation with the Gaussian correlation function. The other parameters are the same as (b). ...
Measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity by means of
... is thereby named Conductivity-Temperature-Pressure or CTD. The CTD sensor has a given reliability and accuracy based on these three measurements.[6] Conductivity sensors will only detect the concentration of conductive materials in specific water samples. Other non-conductive materials in a water sa ...
... is thereby named Conductivity-Temperature-Pressure or CTD. The CTD sensor has a given reliability and accuracy based on these three measurements.[6] Conductivity sensors will only detect the concentration of conductive materials in specific water samples. Other non-conductive materials in a water sa ...
Finite element simulation of microphotonic lasing
... Interest in microphotonic lasing systems has been increasing over the past few years. As a result, it has become more important to be able to numerically simulate these lasing systems. Several finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of a four level gain medium embedded in a microphotonic sy ...
... Interest in microphotonic lasing systems has been increasing over the past few years. As a result, it has become more important to be able to numerically simulate these lasing systems. Several finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of a four level gain medium embedded in a microphotonic sy ...
Introduction - Atto Second Physics
... wavevector at θx = sin-1λ/Λx (Fig. III-10) by diffraction (exercise). As such a complex amplitude transmittance can be created by holographic techniques, an optical element with this transmittance is referred to as a holographic diffraction grating. It is easier to fabricate gratings with a non-sinu ...
... wavevector at θx = sin-1λ/Λx (Fig. III-10) by diffraction (exercise). As such a complex amplitude transmittance can be created by holographic techniques, an optical element with this transmittance is referred to as a holographic diffraction grating. It is easier to fabricate gratings with a non-sinu ...
Mode matching between waveguide and periodic dielectric waveguide
... A conventional direction coupler is formed by two parallel identical waveguides. From the coupling theorem we can know that the light will couple from one waveguide to another. The coupling length for totally transfer is described as following [12]: ...
... A conventional direction coupler is formed by two parallel identical waveguides. From the coupling theorem we can know that the light will couple from one waveguide to another. The coupling length for totally transfer is described as following [12]: ...
holography - UCSB Physics
... a centimeter or so. Re-align the instrument and observe the pattern. Be prepared to discuss your findings. Q 5.1. Theoretically, under perfect lab conditions, if ∆p (difference in path length) is zero λ, what would you expect to see on the screen? If ∆p = 1/2 λ ? If ∆p = 3/2 λ ? ...
... a centimeter or so. Re-align the instrument and observe the pattern. Be prepared to discuss your findings. Q 5.1. Theoretically, under perfect lab conditions, if ∆p (difference in path length) is zero λ, what would you expect to see on the screen? If ∆p = 1/2 λ ? If ∆p = 3/2 λ ? ...
Generation of lattices of optical vortices
... Square and hexagonal lattices of optical vortices are generated in a saturable nonlinear medium. If the topological charges of the vortices are of the same sign the lattice exhibit rotation, while if alternative, stable propagation of the structures is observed. In a nonlinear medium vortex lattices ...
... Square and hexagonal lattices of optical vortices are generated in a saturable nonlinear medium. If the topological charges of the vortices are of the same sign the lattice exhibit rotation, while if alternative, stable propagation of the structures is observed. In a nonlinear medium vortex lattices ...
Chapter 5. Mouse and Tackball
... and B quadrature signals. As shown in Figure 0-3 Optical encoder with quadrature outputs, the optomechanical system consists of a light source, usually a light emitting diode (LED), a photodetector, and the optointerrupter, which is connected to the rotating shaft of the mouse. The interrupter has a ...
... and B quadrature signals. As shown in Figure 0-3 Optical encoder with quadrature outputs, the optomechanical system consists of a light source, usually a light emitting diode (LED), a photodetector, and the optointerrupter, which is connected to the rotating shaft of the mouse. The interrupter has a ...
Physically-Based Glare Effects for Digital Images
... digital image of a single white pixel on a black background, and the real experience of looking at a small incandescent bulb. The real bulb differs from the digital image in two important ways. The first difference is a qualitative “brightness” that the bulb possesses. The second difference is the h ...
... digital image of a single white pixel on a black background, and the real experience of looking at a small incandescent bulb. The real bulb differs from the digital image in two important ways. The first difference is a qualitative “brightness” that the bulb possesses. The second difference is the h ...
Optical polarization tutorial
... The wave remains linearly polarized, but its polarization angle switches to −θ. Note that waves polarized at angles −θ and π − θ are equivalent, so we can say that under the action of a half-wave plate the linear polarization vector makes a “mirror flip” around the optical axis. This conclusion can b ...
... The wave remains linearly polarized, but its polarization angle switches to −θ. Note that waves polarized at angles −θ and π − θ are equivalent, so we can say that under the action of a half-wave plate the linear polarization vector makes a “mirror flip” around the optical axis. This conclusion can b ...
Ultra-thin plasmonic optical vortex plate based on phase
... charged vortex (l ¼ 1) created with our technique is above 90% which is similar to the purity of vortex beams obtained with conventional spatial light modulators, confirming the remarkable potential of these plasmonic interfaces for addressing the phase of a light beam. The ratio between the cross p ...
... charged vortex (l ¼ 1) created with our technique is above 90% which is similar to the purity of vortex beams obtained with conventional spatial light modulators, confirming the remarkable potential of these plasmonic interfaces for addressing the phase of a light beam. The ratio between the cross p ...
Holographic low-energy electron diffraction
... focus on images reconstructed from continuous intensity maps and section 4 bridges to the use of conventional, i.e. discrete, superstructure beam intensities frequently caused by adsorbate layers or surface reconstruction. Special problems of image reconstructions connected with the appearance of fa ...
... focus on images reconstructed from continuous intensity maps and section 4 bridges to the use of conventional, i.e. discrete, superstructure beam intensities frequently caused by adsorbate layers or surface reconstruction. Special problems of image reconstructions connected with the appearance of fa ...
Multiband Vector Lattice Solitons
... waves of the first and second bands with kx 0 and kx =D are shown in Figs. 1(b) –1(e). The second band FB waves do not decay in the barriers, indicating that they arise from radiation modes. All components of the vector lattice solitons that follow originate from the FB modes shown in Fig. 1. F ...
... waves of the first and second bands with kx 0 and kx =D are shown in Figs. 1(b) –1(e). The second band FB waves do not decay in the barriers, indicating that they arise from radiation modes. All components of the vector lattice solitons that follow originate from the FB modes shown in Fig. 1. F ...
Fluorescence Microscopy
... phenomena, and where better its application than when trying to comprehend cell physiology using florescence microscopy? Microscopy has played an important role in determining the activity of cells, from the very early appreciation of living animalcules by Van Leeuwenhoek (Ford 1989) with a simple mi ...
... phenomena, and where better its application than when trying to comprehend cell physiology using florescence microscopy? Microscopy has played an important role in determining the activity of cells, from the very early appreciation of living animalcules by Van Leeuwenhoek (Ford 1989) with a simple mi ...
Lecture 6: Waves Review and Examples PLEASE REVIEW ON
... Suppose that when we pass red light (λ = 600 nm) through a slit of unknown width a, the width of the spot (the distance between the first zeros on each side of the bright peak) is W = 1 cm on a screen that is L = 2 m behind the slit. How wide is the slit? ...
... Suppose that when we pass red light (λ = 600 nm) through a slit of unknown width a, the width of the spot (the distance between the first zeros on each side of the bright peak) is W = 1 cm on a screen that is L = 2 m behind the slit. How wide is the slit? ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... where s = (s x , sy , sz ) is a unit vector normal to the spherical wavefront and k = 2π/λ is the wavenumber of the incident illumination and f is the focal length of the lens. It can be shown [12] that in order for this to be valid one requires z p ≪ f and that the Fresnel number of the lens must b ...
... where s = (s x , sy , sz ) is a unit vector normal to the spherical wavefront and k = 2π/λ is the wavenumber of the incident illumination and f is the focal length of the lens. It can be shown [12] that in order for this to be valid one requires z p ≪ f and that the Fresnel number of the lens must b ...
Visible light optical coherence correlation spectroscopy
... in order to increase the detection efficiency and to simplify the alignment of components. Because the glass slide is always closer to the objective than the sample, a dark field is obtained even though the filters Fill and Fdet are not placed in a pupil plane but just as close to the objective as p ...
... in order to increase the detection efficiency and to simplify the alignment of components. Because the glass slide is always closer to the objective than the sample, a dark field is obtained even though the filters Fill and Fdet are not placed in a pupil plane but just as close to the objective as p ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.