The Photoelectric Effect
... The Photoelectric Effect Mystery Another dilemma was how to properly explain the photoelectric effect. Around the same time, physicists knew that if one were to shine an ultraviolet light onto a charged metal plate in a vacuum, the metal plate would lose its charge, or discharge. The brighter the UV ...
... The Photoelectric Effect Mystery Another dilemma was how to properly explain the photoelectric effect. Around the same time, physicists knew that if one were to shine an ultraviolet light onto a charged metal plate in a vacuum, the metal plate would lose its charge, or discharge. The brighter the UV ...
Two-dimensional array of diffractive microlenses
... It is important to note, that to create a structure with 2 k discrete levels, only k repetitive steps are required. This is achieved by a binary decomposition of the final phase pattern as visualized in Figure 7. The thickness of the first layer h is chosen such that it yields a phase shift of r. Th ...
... It is important to note, that to create a structure with 2 k discrete levels, only k repetitive steps are required. This is achieved by a binary decomposition of the final phase pattern as visualized in Figure 7. The thickness of the first layer h is chosen such that it yields a phase shift of r. Th ...
Student Text, pp. 444-452
... Partial Reflection–Partial Refraction Figure 9 At higher angles of incidence, there is reflection as well as refraction. You can see such partial reflection– partial refraction on the right. total internal reflection the reflection of light in an optically denser medium; it occurs when the angle of ...
... Partial Reflection–Partial Refraction Figure 9 At higher angles of incidence, there is reflection as well as refraction. You can see such partial reflection– partial refraction on the right. total internal reflection the reflection of light in an optically denser medium; it occurs when the angle of ...
Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Self
... 4. Conclusions We have proposed and numerically demonstrated a photonic crystal based polarization beam splitter with high splitting efficiency, large separation angle and low crosstalk at the optical communication wavelengths. The transmission and reflection efficiencies of the device for TE and TM ...
... 4. Conclusions We have proposed and numerically demonstrated a photonic crystal based polarization beam splitter with high splitting efficiency, large separation angle and low crosstalk at the optical communication wavelengths. The transmission and reflection efficiencies of the device for TE and TM ...
Cavity Enhanced Reflector Based Hybrid Silicon Laser
... on the same chip will become available. This, on its turn, enables exciting new applications such as ultra-fast optical communication links between different chips on a circuit board or low-cost lab-on-a-chip solutions. Most optical components necessary to build these systems, such as photonic wires ...
... on the same chip will become available. This, on its turn, enables exciting new applications such as ultra-fast optical communication links between different chips on a circuit board or low-cost lab-on-a-chip solutions. Most optical components necessary to build these systems, such as photonic wires ...
physical optics - Sakshi Education
... 21. The intensity of light or positions of fringes keep or changing in 10–8 second. 22. Coherent sources – The two sources of light, whose frequencies (or wavelength λ ) are same and the phase difference between the waves emitted by which remains constant with respect to time are defined as coherent ...
... 21. The intensity of light or positions of fringes keep or changing in 10–8 second. 22. Coherent sources – The two sources of light, whose frequencies (or wavelength λ ) are same and the phase difference between the waves emitted by which remains constant with respect to time are defined as coherent ...
Ray Optics - Sakshi Education
... is called a reflector. The amount of light reflected depends on (i) the angle of incidence and (ii) the nature of the two media. 7. Laws of reflection : i) The incident ray, the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in one plane. ii) The angle of i ...
... is called a reflector. The amount of light reflected depends on (i) the angle of incidence and (ii) the nature of the two media. 7. Laws of reflection : i) The incident ray, the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in one plane. ii) The angle of i ...
Chapter 4: Two-Beam Interference
... propagates outward from a central point source. A slow-motion movie would show the circles slowly expanding, and a new wave emerging from the center, until the pattern looked just the same as seen one oscillation period earlier. When two spherical wave patterns are laid on top of each other, a disti ...
... propagates outward from a central point source. A slow-motion movie would show the circles slowly expanding, and a new wave emerging from the center, until the pattern looked just the same as seen one oscillation period earlier. When two spherical wave patterns are laid on top of each other, a disti ...
HERCULES_Neutron_reflectivity
... In the TOF mode, the neutron wavelengths are determined by recording the arrival time of each neutron at the detector relative to the start of each pulse, with shorter wavelengths arriving first and corresponding to high values of q. On steady state reactor beams, a pair of mechanical choppers is us ...
... In the TOF mode, the neutron wavelengths are determined by recording the arrival time of each neutron at the detector relative to the start of each pulse, with shorter wavelengths arriving first and corresponding to high values of q. On steady state reactor beams, a pair of mechanical choppers is us ...
Polarized Light
... Other birefringent polarizers • Nicol prisms are simple, but have disadvantages – relatively small acceptance angle (~28°) – input is not at normal incidence – cemented optics cannot be used with high-power lasers or in the UV ...
... Other birefringent polarizers • Nicol prisms are simple, but have disadvantages – relatively small acceptance angle (~28°) – input is not at normal incidence – cemented optics cannot be used with high-power lasers or in the UV ...
Lecture 10 - KFUPM Faculty List
... D [n n2||, E (; ) | E | ]E 0 also mixes all three field components so that for a polarized input, radiation rings of both transverse polarizations are emitted. Periodically foci occur with distance, the higher the input intensity, the more frequent the focal spots. The picture illus ...
... D [n n2||, E (; ) | E | ]E 0 also mixes all three field components so that for a polarized input, radiation rings of both transverse polarizations are emitted. Periodically foci occur with distance, the higher the input intensity, the more frequent the focal spots. The picture illus ...
Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry
... image. The major advantage of such techniques is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without previously being killed, fixed and/or stained. Zernike contrast [1] permits a visualization of sample interfaces but with a relatively poor lateral resolution and the apparition of artif ...
... image. The major advantage of such techniques is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without previously being killed, fixed and/or stained. Zernike contrast [1] permits a visualization of sample interfaces but with a relatively poor lateral resolution and the apparition of artif ...
THE THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN A CRYSTAL IN
... Light waves at frequencies in the region of exciton absorption of light in a crystal are considered, A relationship is obtained between the specific dipole moment of polarization of the crystal and the electric field intensity. This relation is not a direct proportion, as customarily assumed, but is ...
... Light waves at frequencies in the region of exciton absorption of light in a crystal are considered, A relationship is obtained between the specific dipole moment of polarization of the crystal and the electric field intensity. This relation is not a direct proportion, as customarily assumed, but is ...
Document
... 1.When retardation is = ½, 1½, 2½ . . . wavelengths. The two waves are OUT OF PHASE they destructively interfere, cancelling each other out, producing the resultant wave (R), which has no amplitude or wavelength. ...
... 1.When retardation is = ½, 1½, 2½ . . . wavelengths. The two waves are OUT OF PHASE they destructively interfere, cancelling each other out, producing the resultant wave (R), which has no amplitude or wavelength. ...
WAVE PLATES
... Polarization Cleanup -Often an optical system will require several reflections from metal or dielectric mirrors. There is no change in the polarization state of the reflection if the beam is incident normally on the mirrors, or if the plane of polarization lies in or normal to the plane of incidence ...
... Polarization Cleanup -Often an optical system will require several reflections from metal or dielectric mirrors. There is no change in the polarization state of the reflection if the beam is incident normally on the mirrors, or if the plane of polarization lies in or normal to the plane of incidence ...
Holography
... The fundamental difference between a transmission hologram and a reflection hologram lies in the direction of the interference fringes that are recored inside the photosensitive emulsion. In a transmission hologram, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), the reference wave and object wave entering the emulsion fro ...
... The fundamental difference between a transmission hologram and a reflection hologram lies in the direction of the interference fringes that are recored inside the photosensitive emulsion. In a transmission hologram, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), the reference wave and object wave entering the emulsion fro ...
Development of Organic Imaging Device
... camera that incorporates the prototype camera tube. It was taken with a target voltage of 33V, with white incident light. The image shows that organic film has a good resolution. A shooting experiment with a test chart also confirmed that this prototype tube is capable of a resolution of 800 TV line ...
... camera that incorporates the prototype camera tube. It was taken with a target voltage of 33V, with white incident light. The image shows that organic film has a good resolution. A shooting experiment with a test chart also confirmed that this prototype tube is capable of a resolution of 800 TV line ...
A negative permeability material at red light
... impedance η = η ′ + ιη ′′ . To obtain these parameters, the complex values of the transmitted and reflected fields should be available either from optical experiments or simulations [1,2]. In addition, along with its effective n and η , the layer can be characterized by its effective permittivity ε ...
... impedance η = η ′ + ιη ′′ . To obtain these parameters, the complex values of the transmitted and reflected fields should be available either from optical experiments or simulations [1,2]. In addition, along with its effective n and η , the layer can be characterized by its effective permittivity ε ...
Sun et al., Nature 493, 195 (2013).
... the pixel as small as possible, so as to decrease the number of highorder interference patterns in the far field. A compact and efficient optical nanoantenna is thus demanding for the NPA system. Optical nanoantennas down to subwavelength size have previously been demonstrated15–19 with metal; howev ...
... the pixel as small as possible, so as to decrease the number of highorder interference patterns in the far field. A compact and efficient optical nanoantenna is thus demanding for the NPA system. Optical nanoantennas down to subwavelength size have previously been demonstrated15–19 with metal; howev ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.