Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... describe response properties in a local area. Using the same characterizations we used for comparing single-unit responses, we compared the similarities between the single-unit and multi-unit responses. We expect multi-unit responses t reflect single-unit responses well when the single-unit response ...
... describe response properties in a local area. Using the same characterizations we used for comparing single-unit responses, we compared the similarities between the single-unit and multi-unit responses. We expect multi-unit responses t reflect single-unit responses well when the single-unit response ...
... of Konorski’s proposal (Konorski, 1968) by integrating these two systems into a biologically grounded computational model. As an additional benchmark we apply this model to control the behavior of an autonomous robot in an obstacle avoidance task (Inderbitzin et al., 2010b). In the last study we con ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
Pupilllary Light Reflex Pathways
... affect only the crossed fibers will produce equal, but larger than normal pupil size and may produce a “paradoxical pupil” whereby the direct and consensual PLRs are present, but the more constricted pupil is opposite the side stimulated (i.e. the consensual response is greater than the direct respo ...
... affect only the crossed fibers will produce equal, but larger than normal pupil size and may produce a “paradoxical pupil” whereby the direct and consensual PLRs are present, but the more constricted pupil is opposite the side stimulated (i.e. the consensual response is greater than the direct respo ...
Acquired Equivalence and Distinctiveness of Cues
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...
nerve part 1
... • 1) It is localized to the site of stimulation and nearby area. • 2) During conduction, it decreases gradually with distance till it disappears (conducted with decrement) • 3) Its duration is very short (less than 1 m. sec). • 4) Can be graded: its magnitude is proportional with the strength of the ...
... • 1) It is localized to the site of stimulation and nearby area. • 2) During conduction, it decreases gradually with distance till it disappears (conducted with decrement) • 3) Its duration is very short (less than 1 m. sec). • 4) Can be graded: its magnitude is proportional with the strength of the ...
Document
... •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •Any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
... •Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; •Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •Any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... Maps are a mainstay of visual, somatosensory, and motor coding in many species. However, auditory maps of space have not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly propor ...
... Maps are a mainstay of visual, somatosensory, and motor coding in many species. However, auditory maps of space have not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly propor ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... anesthetized (MS-222) and perfused transcardially with 0.9% heparinized saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB). Brains were removed, postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB at 4 °C for 12 hrs, rinsed in 0.1 M PB, and cryoprotected overnight in 30% sucrose prior to ...
... anesthetized (MS-222) and perfused transcardially with 0.9% heparinized saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB). Brains were removed, postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB at 4 °C for 12 hrs, rinsed in 0.1 M PB, and cryoprotected overnight in 30% sucrose prior to ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... equivalent to the commonly used procedure of measuring the envelope of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both procedures minimize the difficulties presented by the fact that the instantaneous eye velocity varies over the course of each nystagmic bea ...
... equivalent to the commonly used procedure of measuring the envelope of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both procedures minimize the difficulties presented by the fact that the instantaneous eye velocity varies over the course of each nystagmic bea ...
ppt - Old Saybrook Public Schools
... Stirrup hits against the oval window of cochlea Sets the fluid inside in motion Hair cells are stimulated with the movement of the basilar membrane Physical stimulation converted into neural impulses Sent through the thalamus to the auditory cortex (temporal lobes) ...
... Stirrup hits against the oval window of cochlea Sets the fluid inside in motion Hair cells are stimulated with the movement of the basilar membrane Physical stimulation converted into neural impulses Sent through the thalamus to the auditory cortex (temporal lobes) ...
download file
... axis (and every other possible orientation). Bandwidth was defined as the frequency range (in octaves) that activated the neurons at 4 intensity levels above threshold. Examples of poststimulus-time histograms (PSTH) for multiunit clusters from A1 and PAF are shown below each representative tuning cu ...
... axis (and every other possible orientation). Bandwidth was defined as the frequency range (in octaves) that activated the neurons at 4 intensity levels above threshold. Examples of poststimulus-time histograms (PSTH) for multiunit clusters from A1 and PAF are shown below each representative tuning cu ...
neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment eliminates cholinergic
... to 15 axons are observed coursing through the secretory portion. In any single section, profiles of both axonal varicosities, which contain numerous clear synaptic vesicles and occasional large dense-core vesicles, and intervaricose regions, which are characterized by the presence of microtubules, c ...
... to 15 axons are observed coursing through the secretory portion. In any single section, profiles of both axonal varicosities, which contain numerous clear synaptic vesicles and occasional large dense-core vesicles, and intervaricose regions, which are characterized by the presence of microtubules, c ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... cortical column” by suppressing weaker responses so that “only . . . the initial perturbation of the principal whiskers will overcome the . . . cortical inhibition” (Brumberg et al. 1996). For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centere ...
... cortical column” by suppressing weaker responses so that “only . . . the initial perturbation of the principal whiskers will overcome the . . . cortical inhibition” (Brumberg et al. 1996). For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centere ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words because they form a sequence from left to right. As shown in panel b of the figure, these cues have been studied using repeating patterns of pure tones in which the patterns are separated perceptually into two or more streams168. Two fa ...
... analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words because they form a sequence from left to right. As shown in panel b of the figure, these cues have been studied using repeating patterns of pure tones in which the patterns are separated perceptually into two or more streams168. Two fa ...
cerebellum
... functional regions, from medial to lateral, based on their input and output connections: ...
... functional regions, from medial to lateral, based on their input and output connections: ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... segmented within each imaging plane to identify individual neuronal cell bodies. ROIs in adjacent z-planes with greater than 50% xy overlap were considered to be part of the same neuron. For each neuron that spanned multiple z planes, only the largest 2-D ROI (within a single z-plane) was included f ...
... segmented within each imaging plane to identify individual neuronal cell bodies. ROIs in adjacent z-planes with greater than 50% xy overlap were considered to be part of the same neuron. For each neuron that spanned multiple z planes, only the largest 2-D ROI (within a single z-plane) was included f ...
Espasticidad,!!nuevos!conceptos!fisiológicos!y!patofisiológicos
... neurons)(Stecina)&)Janokowska,)2007;)Phillips)&)Porter,)1997).)) For) many) years,) little) information) had) been) known) about) uncrossed)pyramidal)tract.)Nonetheless,)these)fibers)have)been) shown) to) terminate) in) the) intermediate) zone) and) the) ventral) horn) (Lacroix,) Havton,) Mckay,) Ya ...
... neurons)(Stecina)&)Janokowska,)2007;)Phillips)&)Porter,)1997).)) For) many) years,) little) information) had) been) known) about) uncrossed)pyramidal)tract.)Nonetheless,)these)fibers)have)been) shown) to) terminate) in) the) intermediate) zone) and) the) ventral) horn) (Lacroix,) Havton,) Mckay,) Ya ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... large number of neurons, several groups now use preparations of cultured neurons grown over a multi electrode array (MEA, see Figure 1). This enables simultaneous measurement from multiple electrodes, as well as network manipulation using selective electrical stimulation. Several studies investigate ...
... large number of neurons, several groups now use preparations of cultured neurons grown over a multi electrode array (MEA, see Figure 1). This enables simultaneous measurement from multiple electrodes, as well as network manipulation using selective electrical stimulation. Several studies investigate ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
Dopamine neuron responses to aversive stimuli (not so diverse after
... Although most dopamine neurons are inhibited by aversive stimuli, around 25% of dopamine neurons are excited by aversive stimuli. ...
... Although most dopamine neurons are inhibited by aversive stimuli, around 25% of dopamine neurons are excited by aversive stimuli. ...