Organization of a Vertebrate Cardiac Ganglion: A Correlated
... Figure 1. Typical chromatograms of standards (A) and septal tissue extract from control preparations (B). For the standard solution (A), 1000 pgm of each of the following were injected: norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), normetanephrine (NM), dopamine (DA), 5hy ...
... Figure 1. Typical chromatograms of standards (A) and septal tissue extract from control preparations (B). For the standard solution (A), 1000 pgm of each of the following were injected: norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), normetanephrine (NM), dopamine (DA), 5hy ...
neurology_lec11_24_4_2011
... 1. The 1st thing we notice is the anterior median fissure (it will continue as the anterior median fissure in the spinal cord) 2. On both sides of the anterior median fissure or lateral to the anterior median fissure on both sides we have two projections or swellings, these are the pyramids. Pyramid ...
... 1. The 1st thing we notice is the anterior median fissure (it will continue as the anterior median fissure in the spinal cord) 2. On both sides of the anterior median fissure or lateral to the anterior median fissure on both sides we have two projections or swellings, these are the pyramids. Pyramid ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... and stimulus type. For the reversal and first-tone the left and right ears in the dichotic condition. Frequent standard triplets were interspersed with one of three rare deviant deviants, the prestimulus period ended at the on- triplets: (1) proximity, (2) reversal, and (3) first-tone deviant. Tone ...
... and stimulus type. For the reversal and first-tone the left and right ears in the dichotic condition. Frequent standard triplets were interspersed with one of three rare deviant deviants, the prestimulus period ended at the on- triplets: (1) proximity, (2) reversal, and (3) first-tone deviant. Tone ...
Full-Text PDF
... applications, even including the detection of neurotoxins. For example, Nicolas, et al. [8] used a culture of rat cortical neurons to implement a high-throughput test of various marine neurotoxins, and Valdivia et al. [9] showed that neuroactivity recorded in vitro using an array of electrodes could ...
... applications, even including the detection of neurotoxins. For example, Nicolas, et al. [8] used a culture of rat cortical neurons to implement a high-throughput test of various marine neurotoxins, and Valdivia et al. [9] showed that neuroactivity recorded in vitro using an array of electrodes could ...
Method and theory in the study of avoidance
... within the cerebral hemispheres because re- The similarity in their findings—the shifting gions of simultaneous excitation inevitably of a response from one stimulus to another become connected? Or was it, as Zener —tended to make the two situations look (1937) said, that contiguity sets the occa- s ...
... within the cerebral hemispheres because re- The similarity in their findings—the shifting gions of simultaneous excitation inevitably of a response from one stimulus to another become connected? Or was it, as Zener —tended to make the two situations look (1937) said, that contiguity sets the occa- s ...
DCN principal cells respond to spectral edges, which requires additional inhibitory effects in DCN
... were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collected for many neurons. They were constructed by recording responses to 200 ms tone bursts prese ...
... were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collected for many neurons. They were constructed by recording responses to 200 ms tone bursts prese ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae; numbers under the data represent each papilla. The receptive field contained 22 papillae. Electrical stimulation of some papillae did not elicit a neural discharge (e.g., papillae 20, 21, ...
... concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae; numbers under the data represent each papilla. The receptive field contained 22 papillae. Electrical stimulation of some papillae did not elicit a neural discharge (e.g., papillae 20, 21, ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... Subjects and physiolog ical procedures. All animal procedures were approved by oversight committees at the University of Washington (St. L ouis, MO) and the University of C alifornia at Berkeley and conformed to or exceeded all relevant National Institutes of Health and United States Department of A ...
... Subjects and physiolog ical procedures. All animal procedures were approved by oversight committees at the University of Washington (St. L ouis, MO) and the University of C alifornia at Berkeley and conformed to or exceeded all relevant National Institutes of Health and United States Department of A ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
Representation of Movement
... appears at one location, and then the next, without physically moving between the two locations, could stimulate the detectors described in the preceding paragraphs as effectively as true, continuous motion. Similarly, motion sensors like the Reichardt detector can also falsely detect motion in rand ...
... appears at one location, and then the next, without physically moving between the two locations, could stimulate the detectors described in the preceding paragraphs as effectively as true, continuous motion. Similarly, motion sensors like the Reichardt detector can also falsely detect motion in rand ...
Investigating circadian rhythmicity in pain sensitivity using
... (i.e., stimulations of the afferent fibers pre-processed in the dorsal root ganglion) and the firing rates of the presynaptic neuron populations (see Figure 1). In the absence of input from other neuron populations and afferent fibers, we assume the average firing rate of the neuron population decay ...
... (i.e., stimulations of the afferent fibers pre-processed in the dorsal root ganglion) and the firing rates of the presynaptic neuron populations (see Figure 1). In the absence of input from other neuron populations and afferent fibers, we assume the average firing rate of the neuron population decay ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... average density of two per minute with the restriction that the stimuli not occur within 10 s of each other. During conditioning, the CS and US were always paired, the US being presented at CS offset. Stimulus density was maintained at two per minute, the average mtertrial interval was 60 s (range, ...
... average density of two per minute with the restriction that the stimuli not occur within 10 s of each other. During conditioning, the CS and US were always paired, the US being presented at CS offset. Stimulus density was maintained at two per minute, the average mtertrial interval was 60 s (range, ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... neurons5,12. This was directly confirmed with paired intracellular recordings from antennal lobe neurons, showing synchronized membrane-potential oscillations in response to specific odours (Fig. 1e; n ¼ 2 animals). In locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of projection neurons—and thus the resul ...
... neurons5,12. This was directly confirmed with paired intracellular recordings from antennal lobe neurons, showing synchronized membrane-potential oscillations in response to specific odours (Fig. 1e; n ¼ 2 animals). In locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of projection neurons—and thus the resul ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing, then the responses evoked by the same stimulus are expected to contain such synchronous episodes much more frequently than ...
... summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing, then the responses evoked by the same stimulus are expected to contain such synchronous episodes much more frequently than ...
Experiencing Sensation and Perception
... types of experiments, it seems clear that there are two classes of thermorecetpors, warm receptors and cold receptors. The cold receptors respond to a temperature decrease and the warm receptors respond to a temperature increase across the skin. One way the difference between cold and warm receptors ...
... types of experiments, it seems clear that there are two classes of thermorecetpors, warm receptors and cold receptors. The cold receptors respond to a temperature decrease and the warm receptors respond to a temperature increase across the skin. One way the difference between cold and warm receptors ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... Recording), inserted at an angle of 20 deg from horizontal and positioned roughly 16 mm lateral to the midline and 8 mm posterior to the lunate sulcus. V1 and MT recordings were performed in separate animals. Neuronal responses that exceeded a user-defined voltage threshold were digitized at 30 or 4 ...
... Recording), inserted at an angle of 20 deg from horizontal and positioned roughly 16 mm lateral to the midline and 8 mm posterior to the lunate sulcus. V1 and MT recordings were performed in separate animals. Neuronal responses that exceeded a user-defined voltage threshold were digitized at 30 or 4 ...
COMMENTARY The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons
... amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by internal pressure. Functioning of these systems depends on the fact that they are essentially constant in volume as they consist of rel ...
... amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by internal pressure. Functioning of these systems depends on the fact that they are essentially constant in volume as they consist of rel ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... orientation and untrained image-plane rotated orientations. Over the course of these prior experiments, monkeys had extensive experience with the stimuli at a single fixed (trained) orientation (see Fig. 1). Here, we recorded from ITC while monkeys viewed these stimuli at the trained and 6 image-plan ...
... orientation and untrained image-plane rotated orientations. Over the course of these prior experiments, monkeys had extensive experience with the stimuli at a single fixed (trained) orientation (see Fig. 1). Here, we recorded from ITC while monkeys viewed these stimuli at the trained and 6 image-plan ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... after stimulus onset. This period was used because (1) neuronal response latencies in structures afferent to the amygdala are of the order of 100 ms (Rolls and Deco, 2002), and (2) this is the period in which the monkeys make decisions about behavioral responses based on the presented stimuli. Data ...
... after stimulus onset. This period was used because (1) neuronal response latencies in structures afferent to the amygdala are of the order of 100 ms (Rolls and Deco, 2002), and (2) this is the period in which the monkeys make decisions about behavioral responses based on the presented stimuli. Data ...