... Geometrical Optics The light source for this experiment is a low-power helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Never look directly at a laser beam nor permit anyone else to do so! Exposure to the direct or reflected beam for more than a few seconds will cause serious eye damage. Do not pick ...
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (JHSS)
... Fig.8:shows the other preliminary result of the first optical design, Clear from the figure the divisions, which the radiation Exposed it, and shows the Interior divisions of, and the researcher was able to exploit, to create a contemporary art form [27]. ...
... Fig.8:shows the other preliminary result of the first optical design, Clear from the figure the divisions, which the radiation Exposed it, and shows the Interior divisions of, and the researcher was able to exploit, to create a contemporary art form [27]. ...
EXTERNAL MODULATION
... which forms the substrate. Lithium niobate is a material that has a strong electro-optic effect – if we apply a voltage to it, then its refractive index changes. We can show that this is equivalent to introducing a phase shift. Ti-diffused optical waveguide ...
... which forms the substrate. Lithium niobate is a material that has a strong electro-optic effect – if we apply a voltage to it, then its refractive index changes. We can show that this is equivalent to introducing a phase shift. Ti-diffused optical waveguide ...
CW mode-locked dye lasers for ultra fast spectroscopic studies
... dye lasers is common to all current experimental set ups. However, two distinct methods have been used to achieve mode locking in the dye laser, firstly passive mode locking using a saturable absorber” 2 and secondly forced mode locking using an actively mode-locked ion laser as the pump. The latter ...
... dye lasers is common to all current experimental set ups. However, two distinct methods have been used to achieve mode locking in the dye laser, firstly passive mode locking using a saturable absorber” 2 and secondly forced mode locking using an actively mode-locked ion laser as the pump. The latter ...
Full text
... mid-infrared quantum well laser with significantly improved power and temperature performance. A QCL essentially consists of a series of quantum wells of varying widths. Rather than use interband transitions between valence and conduction bands, QCLs rely on intersubband transitions, i.e. transition ...
... mid-infrared quantum well laser with significantly improved power and temperature performance. A QCL essentially consists of a series of quantum wells of varying widths. Rather than use interband transitions between valence and conduction bands, QCLs rely on intersubband transitions, i.e. transition ...
Optical Micrometer
... laser. Observe the behavior of the beams reflected and refracted at the flat surface. Note that the entering beam is not refracted. Again observe the intensities qualitatively for angles of incidence smaller and larger than the critical angle. You should have a sketch in your lab book explaining you ...
... laser. Observe the behavior of the beams reflected and refracted at the flat surface. Note that the entering beam is not refracted. Again observe the intensities qualitatively for angles of incidence smaller and larger than the critical angle. You should have a sketch in your lab book explaining you ...
0710-Sepsis-2007
... averaging process removes background noise caused by surface roughness. The variance (σ2) of the spatial intensity equals the time average of the autocovariance of the intensity fluctuations. The characteristic velocity (Vc) is a scalar parameter determined by averaging the velocity vector. This val ...
... averaging process removes background noise caused by surface roughness. The variance (σ2) of the spatial intensity equals the time average of the autocovariance of the intensity fluctuations. The characteristic velocity (Vc) is a scalar parameter determined by averaging the velocity vector. This val ...
st3
... In most everyday matter, the de Broglie wavelength is much shorter than the distance separating the atoms. In this case, the wave nature of atoms cannot be noticed, and they behave as particles. The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength is roughly the same as the at ...
... In most everyday matter, the de Broglie wavelength is much shorter than the distance separating the atoms. In this case, the wave nature of atoms cannot be noticed, and they behave as particles. The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength is roughly the same as the at ...
PP_SSL_Modeling - LAS
... si (i=C; 1,…,M) the complex wave amplitudes ui(x,y,z) are normalized over the domain Ω=Ω2Dx[0,LR] of the resonator with length LR. Here the ui (i=1,…,M) denote the amplitudes of the individual modes, whereas uC denotes the amplitude of the superposition of these modes In our incoherent approximation ...
... si (i=C; 1,…,M) the complex wave amplitudes ui(x,y,z) are normalized over the domain Ω=Ω2Dx[0,LR] of the resonator with length LR. Here the ui (i=1,…,M) denote the amplitudes of the individual modes, whereas uC denotes the amplitude of the superposition of these modes In our incoherent approximation ...
Physics of Laser-matter interaction at ultra
... Ti:sapphire laser, which has a large bandwidth, only chirping is required. In this case, fibre is not used and the chirping is done with grating pair alone. This temporally stretched pulse of large bandwidth is then amplified in a broadband amplifier chain (like Nd:glass, KrF etc.) to the maximum po ...
... Ti:sapphire laser, which has a large bandwidth, only chirping is required. In this case, fibre is not used and the chirping is done with grating pair alone. This temporally stretched pulse of large bandwidth is then amplified in a broadband amplifier chain (like Nd:glass, KrF etc.) to the maximum po ...
Micron-scale modifications of Si surface morphology by pulsed
... Equation 共1兲 excludes the effects of lens aberrations. Although we have not quantified the aberrations of the objective lenses used in this study, in most cases light fills only a small fraction of the back-focal-plane aperture of the objective lens and therefore, the diffraction limit described by ...
... Equation 共1兲 excludes the effects of lens aberrations. Although we have not quantified the aberrations of the objective lenses used in this study, in most cases light fills only a small fraction of the back-focal-plane aperture of the objective lens and therefore, the diffraction limit described by ...
Ultracompact RGB Laser Module Operating at +85°C
... Takatoshi IKEGAMI and Takao NAKAMURA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We have develo ...
... Takatoshi IKEGAMI and Takao NAKAMURA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We have develo ...
Chapter 12: Optical Communications
... still characterize the guidance of waves through optical fibers, space, or other media. This chapter introduces optical communications and applications of photonics in Section 12.1. It then discusses simple optical waveguides in Section 12.2, lasers in Section 12.3, and representative components of ...
... still characterize the guidance of waves through optical fibers, space, or other media. This chapter introduces optical communications and applications of photonics in Section 12.1. It then discusses simple optical waveguides in Section 12.2, lasers in Section 12.3, and representative components of ...
Fiber Optic Cable Beam Delivery Systems
... Lee Laser uses only the highest quality, low-loss optical transmission fibers. The single-fiber cable features a high-purity silica glass core available in diameters from 200 m to 1000 m. Core size is determined by the desired laser beam power throughput, with the largest size used to handle the mul ...
... Lee Laser uses only the highest quality, low-loss optical transmission fibers. The single-fiber cable features a high-purity silica glass core available in diameters from 200 m to 1000 m. Core size is determined by the desired laser beam power throughput, with the largest size used to handle the mul ...
Physicists realize an atom laser, a source of coherent matter waves
... The active medium is a reservoir of atoms which are transferred to one state of the confining potential - the “lasing” mode. The reservoir can be atoms confined in other quantum states of the atom cavity or an ultraslow atomic beam. The atoms are transferred to the lasing mode either by collisions o ...
... The active medium is a reservoir of atoms which are transferred to one state of the confining potential - the “lasing” mode. The reservoir can be atoms confined in other quantum states of the atom cavity or an ultraslow atomic beam. The atoms are transferred to the lasing mode either by collisions o ...
Continuous wave Nd:YAG channel waveguide laser produced by
... The optically polished Nd:YAG (doped by 1 at. % Nd3+ ions) crystal used in this work was cut into dimensions of 10(x)×4.8(y)×1.5(z) mm3. The PBW process was carried out by using the facilities at the Center for Ion Beam Applications, National University of Singapore [24]. The proton beam was at ener ...
... The optically polished Nd:YAG (doped by 1 at. % Nd3+ ions) crystal used in this work was cut into dimensions of 10(x)×4.8(y)×1.5(z) mm3. The PBW process was carried out by using the facilities at the Center for Ion Beam Applications, National University of Singapore [24]. The proton beam was at ener ...
Control of the frequency comb from a modelocked
... has allowed for the development of fully characterized optical frequency combs using a single mode-locked Ti:Sapphire (Ti:S) laser oscillator and an absolute microwave frequency reference [3,4]. These combs have become useful absolute optical frequency references to which other lasers may be stabili ...
... has allowed for the development of fully characterized optical frequency combs using a single mode-locked Ti:Sapphire (Ti:S) laser oscillator and an absolute microwave frequency reference [3,4]. These combs have become useful absolute optical frequency references to which other lasers may be stabili ...
Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular - Beilstein
... the reaction sequence is well understood in solution, it remains an open question if a similar cleavage occurs and which decay channels are accessible when the photoactive molecule is isolated in high vacuum at 300 K or more. For that to happen, a number of complex reactions and atomic position chan ...
... the reaction sequence is well understood in solution, it remains an open question if a similar cleavage occurs and which decay channels are accessible when the photoactive molecule is isolated in high vacuum at 300 K or more. For that to happen, a number of complex reactions and atomic position chan ...
Status of the polarized source at MAMI
... of the anode of the source lead to this contamination, and that the losses are generated by photoemission from the edge area of the cathode. It is not possible to suppress edge emission by mechanical masks because of unwanted focussing effects. The attempts to create a non mechanical mask have lead ...
... of the anode of the source lead to this contamination, and that the losses are generated by photoemission from the edge area of the cathode. It is not possible to suppress edge emission by mechanical masks because of unwanted focussing effects. The attempts to create a non mechanical mask have lead ...
Optical Cavity for the Strontium Lattice Atomic Clock
... therefore the interaction between the atoms, is reduced. For this project a test system is necessary to test the vacuum chamber viewports, which involved building a laser diode and an optical cavity. This paper will explore the theory behind both as well as their implementation. ...
... therefore the interaction between the atoms, is reduced. For this project a test system is necessary to test the vacuum chamber viewports, which involved building a laser diode and an optical cavity. This paper will explore the theory behind both as well as their implementation. ...
laser optical disk set
... power supply, a set of eight ray optics elements (three lenses, two prisms, a block, a hollow cell and an adjustable mirror), and a heavy duty vinyl template with a ruler scale and a large protractor printed on it for easy measurements. The Laser Ray Box includes five parallel-mounted low power red ...
... power supply, a set of eight ray optics elements (three lenses, two prisms, a block, a hollow cell and an adjustable mirror), and a heavy duty vinyl template with a ruler scale and a large protractor printed on it for easy measurements. The Laser Ray Box includes five parallel-mounted low power red ...
Practical uses of femtosecond laser micro
... Femtosecond laser micromachining has become increasingly important in recent years for many fields, including micro-optics, micro-electronics, micro-biology, and micro-chemistry. Laser ablation, because of its non-contact nature, allows the micromachining and surface patterning of materials with min ...
... Femtosecond laser micromachining has become increasingly important in recent years for many fields, including micro-optics, micro-electronics, micro-biology, and micro-chemistry. Laser ablation, because of its non-contact nature, allows the micromachining and surface patterning of materials with min ...
Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy
... The shortest directly produced optical pulses are generally produced by Kerr-lens modelocked Ti-sapphire lasers, and are around 5 femtoseconds long. The minimum pulse duration is limited by the period of the carrier frequency (which is about 2.7 fs for Ti:S systems), therefore shorter pulses require ...
... The shortest directly produced optical pulses are generally produced by Kerr-lens modelocked Ti-sapphire lasers, and are around 5 femtoseconds long. The minimum pulse duration is limited by the period of the carrier frequency (which is about 2.7 fs for Ti:S systems), therefore shorter pulses require ...
Investigation of possible microcavity effect on lasing threshold of nonradiative-scattering-dominated semiconductor lasers
... and completely independent of the boundary conditions of the cavity. In essence, the rate of spontaneous emission can certainly be altered by changing the electromagnetic mode densities using a microcavity. However, the gain (loss) reflects the amplification (attenuation) of a single electromagnetic ...
... and completely independent of the boundary conditions of the cavity. In essence, the rate of spontaneous emission can certainly be altered by changing the electromagnetic mode densities using a microcavity. However, the gain (loss) reflects the amplification (attenuation) of a single electromagnetic ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
... • The electron falls down from level E2 to E1 and emits a photon h = E2 – E1 in a random direction. • The transition is spontaneous provided that the state with E1 is not already occupied. ...
... • The electron falls down from level E2 to E1 and emits a photon h = E2 – E1 in a random direction. • The transition is spontaneous provided that the state with E1 is not already occupied. ...
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.