Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
Evidence for time division multiplexing of multiple simultaneous
... quantiles, by definition (Figure 3A-B; E-F). But on dual-sound (AB) trials, for any given trial or ...
... quantiles, by definition (Figure 3A-B; E-F). But on dual-sound (AB) trials, for any given trial or ...
Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
... hearing aid. Research suggests that the measles virus may contribute to stapes fixation in those with a genetic predisposition to otosclerosis. The incidence of otosclerosis may be decreasing in some communities due to measles vaccination. Otosclerosis (a hereditary disorder in which a bony growth f ...
... hearing aid. Research suggests that the measles virus may contribute to stapes fixation in those with a genetic predisposition to otosclerosis. The incidence of otosclerosis may be decreasing in some communities due to measles vaccination. Otosclerosis (a hereditary disorder in which a bony growth f ...
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
... • The stimuli • The cutaneous senses respond to several different types of stimuli: pressure, vibration, heating, cooling, and events that cause tissue damage (and hence pain). • Some receptors report changes in _______________ to the brain; providing our sense of ______________. • Additional recept ...
... • The stimuli • The cutaneous senses respond to several different types of stimuli: pressure, vibration, heating, cooling, and events that cause tissue damage (and hence pain). • Some receptors report changes in _______________ to the brain; providing our sense of ______________. • Additional recept ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... which are consistent with the theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) (i.e., with a role for a top–down memory target template in visual search). The biased competition hypothesis proposes that multiple stimuli in the visual field activate populations of neurons that engage in competitive interactions. ...
... which are consistent with the theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) (i.e., with a role for a top–down memory target template in visual search). The biased competition hypothesis proposes that multiple stimuli in the visual field activate populations of neurons that engage in competitive interactions. ...
View/Open
... To diagnose blindness in specific portions of the retina, one charts the field of vision for each eye by a process called perimetry. This is done by having the subject look with one eye closed and the other eye looking toward a central spot directly in front of the eye. Then a small dot of light or ...
... To diagnose blindness in specific portions of the retina, one charts the field of vision for each eye by a process called perimetry. This is done by having the subject look with one eye closed and the other eye looking toward a central spot directly in front of the eye. Then a small dot of light or ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... Neuron recording. While the monkeys were performing the behavioral task, we recorded neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data a ...
... Neuron recording. While the monkeys were performing the behavioral task, we recorded neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data a ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... the input and the output—to the transformation between the two. Several threeway statistical measures of this type have been considered for this process, but there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows th ...
... the input and the output—to the transformation between the two. Several threeway statistical measures of this type have been considered for this process, but there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows th ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... importantly, can be elaborated upon to include contextual modulation (Tsui et al., 2010). Moreover, the subsequent transformation of V1 outputs into stimulus selectivity in the middle temporal (MT) area is also relatively well-understood (Born & Bradley, 2005). By leveraging the large body of existi ...
... importantly, can be elaborated upon to include contextual modulation (Tsui et al., 2010). Moreover, the subsequent transformation of V1 outputs into stimulus selectivity in the middle temporal (MT) area is also relatively well-understood (Born & Bradley, 2005). By leveraging the large body of existi ...
Stimuluslocked responses on human arm muscles reveal a rapid
... (ii) had a magnitude that was predictive of reaction time; (iii) was tuned to target location in a manner appropriate for moving the arm towards the target; and (iv) was more prevalent in shoulder muscles than elbow muscles. These results provide evidence for a rapid neural pathway linking visual in ...
... (ii) had a magnitude that was predictive of reaction time; (iii) was tuned to target location in a manner appropriate for moving the arm towards the target; and (iv) was more prevalent in shoulder muscles than elbow muscles. These results provide evidence for a rapid neural pathway linking visual in ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... identify odor objects, it would be desirable if the olfactory system could detect individual odors in a mixture. Olfactory adaptation may be a strategy used to detect individual odor components. It should not be understood as an olfactory fatigue, but as an active mechanism used by the olfactory sys ...
... identify odor objects, it would be desirable if the olfactory system could detect individual odors in a mixture. Olfactory adaptation may be a strategy used to detect individual odor components. It should not be understood as an olfactory fatigue, but as an active mechanism used by the olfactory sys ...
Energy balance
... • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. – We have low levels just after sleeping. – We have high levels after being awake for a long time. ...
... • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. – We have low levels just after sleeping. – We have high levels after being awake for a long time. ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... distress or illness included changes in body weight, grooming habits, and water intake, and these ...
... distress or illness included changes in body weight, grooming habits, and water intake, and these ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennules, and represent olfactory sensilla corresponding to those of insects in ultrastructure. Hence, we will use the term olfactory receptor neurons – ORNs – for the CRNs they contain. The dichotomy in the structure of crustacean sensi ...
... homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennules, and represent olfactory sensilla corresponding to those of insects in ultrastructure. Hence, we will use the term olfactory receptor neurons – ORNs – for the CRNs they contain. The dichotomy in the structure of crustacean sensi ...
Parallel contributions of distinct human memory systems during
... To expand upon these interactions, it has been proposed that dopamine's role in reward related learning, which has been typically associated with striatal function (for review see Schultz, 2002), also facilitates long term memory formation in humans, which is more traditionally associated with hippo ...
... To expand upon these interactions, it has been proposed that dopamine's role in reward related learning, which has been typically associated with striatal function (for review see Schultz, 2002), also facilitates long term memory formation in humans, which is more traditionally associated with hippo ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... by which certain events promote changes in behavior (White & Milner, 1992). Examples of events with this property, sometimes called reinforcers or unconditioned stimuli, include encountering food, water, a sexual partner, or some fear- or pain-producing situation. Thus, there are two basic types of ...
... by which certain events promote changes in behavior (White & Milner, 1992). Examples of events with this property, sometimes called reinforcers or unconditioned stimuli, include encountering food, water, a sexual partner, or some fear- or pain-producing situation. Thus, there are two basic types of ...
Cochlear Implant 1
... In analog stimulation, an electrical analog of the acoustic waveform itself is presented to the electrode. In multi-channel implants, the acoustic waveform is bandpass filtered, and the filtered waveforms are presented to all electrodes simultaneously in analog form. Nervous system will sort o ...
... In analog stimulation, an electrical analog of the acoustic waveform itself is presented to the electrode. In multi-channel implants, the acoustic waveform is bandpass filtered, and the filtered waveforms are presented to all electrodes simultaneously in analog form. Nervous system will sort o ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... (Barber and Field, 1975; Davis et al., 1978; Barber, 1982), tracers such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Broadwell and Jacobowitz, 1976; Davis et al., 1978) or dextran-amines (MartinezMarcos and Halpern, 1999a) have not shown retrograde labeling in CA1 or subiculum. Only injections of HRP affecting ...
... (Barber and Field, 1975; Davis et al., 1978; Barber, 1982), tracers such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Broadwell and Jacobowitz, 1976; Davis et al., 1978) or dextran-amines (MartinezMarcos and Halpern, 1999a) have not shown retrograde labeling in CA1 or subiculum. Only injections of HRP affecting ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... (Delorme and Makeig 2004). A fast Fourier transform with Hanning window tapering (EEGLAB’s default algorithm) and a padding ratio of 4 was used. ERSPs were computed over a frequency range of 4–30 Hz. A prestimulus baseline of 300 ms relative to the onset of the chords was used to compute the differe ...
... (Delorme and Makeig 2004). A fast Fourier transform with Hanning window tapering (EEGLAB’s default algorithm) and a padding ratio of 4 was used. ERSPs were computed over a frequency range of 4–30 Hz. A prestimulus baseline of 300 ms relative to the onset of the chords was used to compute the differe ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... Interestingly, and counterintuitively, as revealed by fMRI in humans, representations of objects in the posterior dorsal pathway [i.e., IPS1 (intraparietal sulcus 1) and IPS2, Figure 1] appear to be relatively insensitive to various image transformations, even in a passive fixation task in which no a ...
... Interestingly, and counterintuitively, as revealed by fMRI in humans, representations of objects in the posterior dorsal pathway [i.e., IPS1 (intraparietal sulcus 1) and IPS2, Figure 1] appear to be relatively insensitive to various image transformations, even in a passive fixation task in which no a ...
Pheromones and Behavior
... in air) but chemical communication is widely used by aquatic animals including crustaceans. However, the types of molecules used by crustaceans for communication underwater are likely to be different from those used in terrestrial environments by most insects and mammals. For aquatic animals, solubi ...
... in air) but chemical communication is widely used by aquatic animals including crustaceans. However, the types of molecules used by crustaceans for communication underwater are likely to be different from those used in terrestrial environments by most insects and mammals. For aquatic animals, solubi ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Kobayashi S, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Koizumi M, Sakagami M
... 2003). For instance, monkeys were instructed to perform a spatial response in one direction while reward was associated with a spatial response in the other direction (1-direction reward task, or 1DR; Kawagoe et al. 1998). It was found that neurons in the caudate nucleus (CD) were spatially tuned to ...
... 2003). For instance, monkeys were instructed to perform a spatial response in one direction while reward was associated with a spatial response in the other direction (1-direction reward task, or 1DR; Kawagoe et al. 1998). It was found that neurons in the caudate nucleus (CD) were spatially tuned to ...