the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... First, three-dimensional objects were presented using a 6.4 cm aperture electromagnetic shutter (rise time approximately 10 ms) mounted on the enclosure 8 –12 inches from the monkey. The shutter was used to present stimuli during the performance of the behavioral tasks. A tube mounted in front of th ...
... First, three-dimensional objects were presented using a 6.4 cm aperture electromagnetic shutter (rise time approximately 10 ms) mounted on the enclosure 8 –12 inches from the monkey. The shutter was used to present stimuli during the performance of the behavioral tasks. A tube mounted in front of th ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... current state. Conversely, if dðtÞ , 0 then the action may be worse than average. This temporal difference prediction error signal thus provides immediate criticism for actions (such as turning left or right in the maze) even if the rewards will only be provided at much later times (such as at the g ...
... current state. Conversely, if dðtÞ , 0 then the action may be worse than average. This temporal difference prediction error signal thus provides immediate criticism for actions (such as turning left or right in the maze) even if the rewards will only be provided at much later times (such as at the g ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... humans contains over 10 billion neurons, is the seat of our highest sensory, motor and cognitive abilities. Understanding how it develops and how it changes is central to our understanding of brain function and is crucial to the development of treatments for neurological disease. Cortical developmen ...
... humans contains over 10 billion neurons, is the seat of our highest sensory, motor and cognitive abilities. Understanding how it develops and how it changes is central to our understanding of brain function and is crucial to the development of treatments for neurological disease. Cortical developmen ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... humans contains over 10 billion neurons, is the seat of our highest sensory, motor and cognitive abilities. Understanding how it develops and how it changes is central to our understanding of brain function and is crucial to the development of treatments for neurological disease. Cortical developmen ...
... humans contains over 10 billion neurons, is the seat of our highest sensory, motor and cognitive abilities. Understanding how it develops and how it changes is central to our understanding of brain function and is crucial to the development of treatments for neurological disease. Cortical developmen ...
Changes in the connections of the main olfactory bulb after mitral
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
FULL-TEXT - Research Explorer
... ‘What do Pictures Really Want?’ (Mitchell 1996); i.e. What competences do they require of us in our disciplinary orientations such that we can recognize and respect their particular kind of agency, rather than regarding them merely as a function of a given technology or context? In what has become k ...
... ‘What do Pictures Really Want?’ (Mitchell 1996); i.e. What competences do they require of us in our disciplinary orientations such that we can recognize and respect their particular kind of agency, rather than regarding them merely as a function of a given technology or context? In what has become k ...
Document
... Gustatory information is relayed to the cerebral cortex along three different cranial nerves dependent on the location of the receptor 1. Facial nerve (VII) – anterior 2/3 of tongue to line of circumvallate papillae ...
... Gustatory information is relayed to the cerebral cortex along three different cranial nerves dependent on the location of the receptor 1. Facial nerve (VII) – anterior 2/3 of tongue to line of circumvallate papillae ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For a number of reasons, including the large exposed surface area of ...
... is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For a number of reasons, including the large exposed surface area of ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For a number of reasons, including the large exposed surface area of ...
... is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For a number of reasons, including the large exposed surface area of ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... Figure 3. Connectivity of the isthmal nuclei with the tectum. (A) shows a coronal section through the tectum showing typical injections of fluorescent biotinylated dextran amines (BDA). A retrogradely labelled cell and anterogradely labelled terminals from the red injection can be seen in parvocellu ...
... Figure 3. Connectivity of the isthmal nuclei with the tectum. (A) shows a coronal section through the tectum showing typical injections of fluorescent biotinylated dextran amines (BDA). A retrogradely labelled cell and anterogradely labelled terminals from the red injection can be seen in parvocellu ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Large-Field Visual Motion Directly Induces an Involuntary Rapid
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex code relative
... and Murray, 2004). These observations suggest that the OFC is processing not only reward information but also aversive information. In this study, we focused on how the OFC codes aversive information as well as reward information at the individual neuron level. One hypothesis is that reward informat ...
... and Murray, 2004). These observations suggest that the OFC is processing not only reward information but also aversive information. In this study, we focused on how the OFC codes aversive information as well as reward information at the individual neuron level. One hypothesis is that reward informat ...
pdf
... continuously recorded while the participant sat in a comfortable chair with his eyes closed in a quiet and dimly lit room. EEG data were acquired at the 19 standard leads prescribed by the 10 –20 international system (FP1, FP2, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, T3, C3, CZ, C4, T4, T5, P3, PZ, P4, T6, O1, and O2) ...
... continuously recorded while the participant sat in a comfortable chair with his eyes closed in a quiet and dimly lit room. EEG data were acquired at the 19 standard leads prescribed by the 10 –20 international system (FP1, FP2, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, T3, C3, CZ, C4, T4, T5, P3, PZ, P4, T6, O1, and O2) ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
... of scripts written in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) that contained a more sensitive algorithm that included information about the slope of the main sequence obtained from each run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them ...
... of scripts written in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) that contained a more sensitive algorithm that included information about the slope of the main sequence obtained from each run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... sections were delineated according to the Nissl, AchE, distances from coronal sections, relying on previous parcelmyelin stains, and their relation to the pattern of callosal lation schemes (Donoghue and Wise, '82; Zilles, '85). As in the coronal sections, the lateral border of the connections. The ...
... sections were delineated according to the Nissl, AchE, distances from coronal sections, relying on previous parcelmyelin stains, and their relation to the pattern of callosal lation schemes (Donoghue and Wise, '82; Zilles, '85). As in the coronal sections, the lateral border of the connections. The ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... echolocation to forage and navigate through their surroundings. Also several flying species such as oil birds (Steatornis caripensis) and swiftlets and swallows (Caprimulgiformes and Apodiformes) are known to have basic echolocating capabilities (Fenton, 1984; Herzing & dos Santos, 2004). However, t ...
... echolocation to forage and navigate through their surroundings. Also several flying species such as oil birds (Steatornis caripensis) and swiftlets and swallows (Caprimulgiformes and Apodiformes) are known to have basic echolocating capabilities (Fenton, 1984; Herzing & dos Santos, 2004). However, t ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... fibre at 30 kcyc./sec, but at 10 kcyc./sec. the response is variable. At this frequency the discharge of the ipsilateral T fibre may decrease, increase, or show no change. The most commonly observed was a decrease (Table 1). The increase in the response of the ipsilateral fibre was not as great as t ...
... fibre at 30 kcyc./sec, but at 10 kcyc./sec. the response is variable. At this frequency the discharge of the ipsilateral T fibre may decrease, increase, or show no change. The most commonly observed was a decrease (Table 1). The increase in the response of the ipsilateral fibre was not as great as t ...
Orientadora de Dissertação DOUTORA RAQUEL DE ORNELAS
... SL) divided in three main areas separated by the dashed line: Rostral, Middle and Caudal (From left to right). The arrows represent the length and width of each area. The Rostral width was determined from a 90º angle starting from the dorsal extension, and the Caudal and Middle area’s width, determi ...
... SL) divided in three main areas separated by the dashed line: Rostral, Middle and Caudal (From left to right). The arrows represent the length and width of each area. The Rostral width was determined from a 90º angle starting from the dorsal extension, and the Caudal and Middle area’s width, determi ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...