Auditory–vocal mirroring in songbirds
... Figure 1. A schematic of the song system emphasizing HVC and its connections. This parasagittal view of the songbird brain shows the SMP (blue) and AFP (red), the ascending auditory pathways (green) and the auditory inputs to HVC (white). At the microscopic level, HVCX and HVCRA cells are randomly i ...
... Figure 1. A schematic of the song system emphasizing HVC and its connections. This parasagittal view of the songbird brain shows the SMP (blue) and AFP (red), the ascending auditory pathways (green) and the auditory inputs to HVC (white). At the microscopic level, HVCX and HVCRA cells are randomly i ...
Why do octaves sound the same?
... prey). This method of creating noise produces vibrations not only with the fundamental frequency of the membrane, but also with higher frequencies or harmonics. The relative strength and phase of these harmonics will tend to covary as the sound source moves, and thus the auditory system can use this ...
... prey). This method of creating noise produces vibrations not only with the fundamental frequency of the membrane, but also with higher frequencies or harmonics. The relative strength and phase of these harmonics will tend to covary as the sound source moves, and thus the auditory system can use this ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... however, multi-units were never studied closer than 200 ffM apart. In some animals penetrations were widely spaced throughout the inferior temporal region. In other animals penetrations were closely spaced, sometimes every millimeter, to detect any small-scale organization and particularly to study ...
... however, multi-units were never studied closer than 200 ffM apart. In some animals penetrations were widely spaced throughout the inferior temporal region. In other animals penetrations were closely spaced, sometimes every millimeter, to detect any small-scale organization and particularly to study ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... the two subjects is the same. For this subject the central representation corresponding to V3A/B falls on the adjacent gyrus rather than within the TOS. Fig. 2b shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V ...
... the two subjects is the same. For this subject the central representation corresponding to V3A/B falls on the adjacent gyrus rather than within the TOS. Fig. 2b shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... or ventral stream, is crucial for the identification of objects, whereas the occipitoparietal pathway, or dorsal stream, is crucial for the appreciation of the spatial relations among objects as well as for the visual guidance of movements toward objects in space (Ungerleider & Mishkin 1982, Goodale ...
... or ventral stream, is crucial for the identification of objects, whereas the occipitoparietal pathway, or dorsal stream, is crucial for the appreciation of the spatial relations among objects as well as for the visual guidance of movements toward objects in space (Ungerleider & Mishkin 1982, Goodale ...
Print
... accessible on the temporal gyrus was determined with the excitatory receptive field to pure tone stimuli. Dense, microelectrode mapping of the temporal gyrus in four animals revealed that characteristic frequency (CF) had a smooth, monotonic gradient that systematically changed from lower values (0. ...
... accessible on the temporal gyrus was determined with the excitatory receptive field to pure tone stimuli. Dense, microelectrode mapping of the temporal gyrus in four animals revealed that characteristic frequency (CF) had a smooth, monotonic gradient that systematically changed from lower values (0. ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... 1989), is characterized as modulation of auditory cortical receptive Welds that is (1) behaviorally driven by attentive focus on a salient acoustic feature necessary for task performance, (2) rapid – occurring within minutes of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, b ...
... 1989), is characterized as modulation of auditory cortical receptive Welds that is (1) behaviorally driven by attentive focus on a salient acoustic feature necessary for task performance, (2) rapid – occurring within minutes of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, b ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory m ...
... relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory m ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
A neural implementation of Bayesian inference based on predictive
... Where x is a (m by 1) vector of input activations, e is a (m by 1) vector of error neuron activations; r is a (m by 1) vector of reconstruction neuron activations; y is a (n by 1) vector of prediction neuron activations; W is a (n by m) matrix of feedforward synaptic weight values; V is a (m by n) ...
... Where x is a (m by 1) vector of input activations, e is a (m by 1) vector of error neuron activations; r is a (m by 1) vector of reconstruction neuron activations; y is a (n by 1) vector of prediction neuron activations; W is a (n by m) matrix of feedforward synaptic weight values; V is a (m by n) ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior ectoElectrophysiologicalmapping sylvian and the middle suprasylvian sulci, which in the In some of the animals that received brain injections, a ferret delineate A1 (Kelly et al., '86; Phillips et al., '88). The visual field map was made by recordi ...
... within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior ectoElectrophysiologicalmapping sylvian and the middle suprasylvian sulci, which in the In some of the animals that received brain injections, a ferret delineate A1 (Kelly et al., '86; Phillips et al., '88). The visual field map was made by recordi ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provide any evidence for the functional restoration in terms of integrated electrical activity between ...
... functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provide any evidence for the functional restoration in terms of integrated electrical activity between ...
PDF
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... model for studying vision, an important issue to resolve is how the 22 RGC subtypes found in the mouse correspond to the 20 subtypes in the primate. The recent identification of RGC subtype-specific genes and immunohistochemical markers in the mouse [31–37] will allow this question to be further add ...
... model for studying vision, an important issue to resolve is how the 22 RGC subtypes found in the mouse correspond to the 20 subtypes in the primate. The recent identification of RGC subtype-specific genes and immunohistochemical markers in the mouse [31–37] will allow this question to be further add ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — even during sustained attention, awareness can fluctuate (as during binocular rivalry61) or fail to isolate the target ...
... processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — even during sustained attention, awareness can fluctuate (as during binocular rivalry61) or fail to isolate the target ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... or ventral stream, is crucial for the identification of objects, whereas the occipitoparietal pathway, or dorsal stream, is crucial for the appreciation of the spatial relations among objects as well as for the visual guidance of movements toward objects in space (Ungerleider & Mishkin 1982, Goodale ...
... or ventral stream, is crucial for the identification of objects, whereas the occipitoparietal pathway, or dorsal stream, is crucial for the appreciation of the spatial relations among objects as well as for the visual guidance of movements toward objects in space (Ungerleider & Mishkin 1982, Goodale ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... sorting out and convergence of like axons also occurred during regeneration following bulbectomy. Olfactory axon behaviour in these models demonstrates that sorting and convergence of axons are independent of the target, which instead provides distinct topographic cues for guidance. J. Comp. Neurol. ...
... sorting out and convergence of like axons also occurred during regeneration following bulbectomy. Olfactory axon behaviour in these models demonstrates that sorting and convergence of axons are independent of the target, which instead provides distinct topographic cues for guidance. J. Comp. Neurol. ...
Postnatal characterization of cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of
... Olfaction is the most relevant chemosensory sense of the rodents. General odors are primarily detected by the main olfactory system while most pheromonal signals are received by the accessory olfactory system. The first relay in the brain occurs in the olfactory bulb, which is subdivided in the main ...
... Olfaction is the most relevant chemosensory sense of the rodents. General odors are primarily detected by the main olfactory system while most pheromonal signals are received by the accessory olfactory system. The first relay in the brain occurs in the olfactory bulb, which is subdivided in the main ...
Zimb_AP_Ch04 - Somerset Academy
... An early stage of perception in which neurons in a receptor create an internal pattern of nerve impulses that represent the conditions that stimulated it – either inside or outside the body Perception – A process that makes sensory patterns meaningful and more elaborate Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2 ...
... An early stage of perception in which neurons in a receptor create an internal pattern of nerve impulses that represent the conditions that stimulated it – either inside or outside the body Perception – A process that makes sensory patterns meaningful and more elaborate Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2 ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... isual perception often feels effortless; however, in many complex situations, there is far more information reaching our eyes than our cognitive systems can act on at one time. Although the retina performs massively parallel processing, visual cognition operates on no more than a few items at once. ...
... isual perception often feels effortless; however, in many complex situations, there is far more information reaching our eyes than our cognitive systems can act on at one time. Although the retina performs massively parallel processing, visual cognition operates on no more than a few items at once. ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... degeneration of individual neurons that are widely dispersed in the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that the axons of sensory neurons in many areas of the epithelium converge on glomeruli in one region of the bulb. Further evidence for this convergence is provided by the observation that a single m ...
... degeneration of individual neurons that are widely dispersed in the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that the axons of sensory neurons in many areas of the epithelium converge on glomeruli in one region of the bulb. Further evidence for this convergence is provided by the observation that a single m ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...