Task demands determine the specificity of the search template Mary
... discriminates the target from the distractors. In the Navalpakkam and Itti experiment, the appearance of the target did not vary across trials: The target was always a line oriented at 55 degrees. In everyday search, variation in the target is inevitable. Repeated search often involves finding diffe ...
... discriminates the target from the distractors. In the Navalpakkam and Itti experiment, the appearance of the target did not vary across trials: The target was always a line oriented at 55 degrees. In everyday search, variation in the target is inevitable. Repeated search often involves finding diffe ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... The Kantian concepts from the 18th century Enlightenment are still useful in the modern neuroscience, especially in the research of auditory attention. When we perceive a sound, the pressure oscillations of the air set the inner structures of the ear to vibrate, then this unique vibration pattern th ...
... The Kantian concepts from the 18th century Enlightenment are still useful in the modern neuroscience, especially in the research of auditory attention. When we perceive a sound, the pressure oscillations of the air set the inner structures of the ear to vibrate, then this unique vibration pattern th ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
Vigabatrin: The Problem of Monitoring for Peripheral Vision Loss in
... are associated with this approach. The first of these is that the ERG amplitudes and latencies undergo developmental changes. The paucity of normative data on young children for comparison may interfere with analysis of the waveform. Second, testing in young children generally requires sedation or g ...
... are associated with this approach. The first of these is that the ERG amplitudes and latencies undergo developmental changes. The paucity of normative data on young children for comparison may interfere with analysis of the waveform. Second, testing in young children generally requires sedation or g ...
Anosmia and parosmia
... SMELL, or chemosensation, is a major function of the nose. Although humans are less reliant on olfaction compared with other mammals it remains a significant evolutionary contribution to our physiology.1 Smell has many functions including the basic surveillance of our environment through both our ol ...
... SMELL, or chemosensation, is a major function of the nose. Although humans are less reliant on olfaction compared with other mammals it remains a significant evolutionary contribution to our physiology.1 Smell has many functions including the basic surveillance of our environment through both our ol ...
The Special Senses
... •The organ of corti consists of the pillar of corti and Hair cells that are located on the supporting cells of the basilar membrane. •The middle – ear ossicles vibrate the cochlea's oval window . •This sets up traveling waves in the perilymph of the cochlea vibrating the basilar membrane . •High Hz ...
... •The organ of corti consists of the pillar of corti and Hair cells that are located on the supporting cells of the basilar membrane. •The middle – ear ossicles vibrate the cochlea's oval window . •This sets up traveling waves in the perilymph of the cochlea vibrating the basilar membrane . •High Hz ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... et al., 2011) corresponding to Brodmann’s area 6, whereas the STS area was targeted in its posterior aspect (x ¼ 62.9, y ¼ 52.5, z ¼ 9.4; Caspers et al., 2010) corresponding to Brodmann’s area 21. The coil position during the experiment was monitored by means of the SofTaxic Navigator system, whic ...
... et al., 2011) corresponding to Brodmann’s area 6, whereas the STS area was targeted in its posterior aspect (x ¼ 62.9, y ¼ 52.5, z ¼ 9.4; Caspers et al., 2010) corresponding to Brodmann’s area 21. The coil position during the experiment was monitored by means of the SofTaxic Navigator system, whic ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... auditory circuits are similar to age and deafferentation plasticity changes observed in other sensory systems. Although few studies have examined sensory aging in the wild, these age-related changes would likely compromise an animal’s ability to avoid predation or to be a successful predator in thei ...
... auditory circuits are similar to age and deafferentation plasticity changes observed in other sensory systems. Although few studies have examined sensory aging in the wild, these age-related changes would likely compromise an animal’s ability to avoid predation or to be a successful predator in thei ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
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... For the purposes of this article, ‘the visual system’ encompasses all aspects of the reading process that take place before information is passed from the visual centres of the cortex to other parts of the brain. We are therefore concerned here not only with the mechanisms of the eyes and how they m ...
... For the purposes of this article, ‘the visual system’ encompasses all aspects of the reading process that take place before information is passed from the visual centres of the cortex to other parts of the brain. We are therefore concerned here not only with the mechanisms of the eyes and how they m ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals result not from preservation of an early, unrefined state, but fro ...
... throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals result not from preservation of an early, unrefined state, but fro ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... classed as single units. For a minority of recordings, we were unable to demonstrate a refractory period and, in these cases, the unit was classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared wi ...
... classed as single units. For a minority of recordings, we were unable to demonstrate a refractory period and, in these cases, the unit was classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared wi ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... waveforms produced by the ABR; the type of stimulus, the intensity, and the rate all have an influence on the auditory potential. The stimuli are presented through an earphonetransducer apparatus and the electrodes record the signals ipsilaterally. The sounds generally used in measuring the ABR are ...
... waveforms produced by the ABR; the type of stimulus, the intensity, and the rate all have an influence on the auditory potential. The stimuli are presented through an earphonetransducer apparatus and the electrodes record the signals ipsilaterally. The sounds generally used in measuring the ABR are ...
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... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... They are just one processing station — the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), or the olfactory bulb (OB) — removed from their respective sense organ. Our current understanding of sensory processing in turtle visual cortex is still limited, but one notable advantage of this system is that its sensory ...
... They are just one processing station — the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), or the olfactory bulb (OB) — removed from their respective sense organ. Our current understanding of sensory processing in turtle visual cortex is still limited, but one notable advantage of this system is that its sensory ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
... in left superior temporal cortex in individuals with dyslexia, indicating a potentially direct role of KIAA0319 function in cortical processing during reading (Pinel et al. 2012). We have previously shown that neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of rats accurately encode human phonemes ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... to eye movements [21], reaching movements [25,26], stimulus motion [21], visual objects [27], and spatial attention [19,28,29]. Possible homologies between human and macaque PPC areas are discussed in Box 3. Responses to movements Human PPC areas can be functionally differentiated based on their res ...
... to eye movements [21], reaching movements [25,26], stimulus motion [21], visual objects [27], and spatial attention [19,28,29]. Possible homologies between human and macaque PPC areas are discussed in Box 3. Responses to movements Human PPC areas can be functionally differentiated based on their res ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... Data, supporting the suggestion that auditory information processing continued while persons were asleep, were also obtained by Kállai, Harsh, & Voss (2003). These authors found attention enhancing mechanisms in sleep. The large amplitude N350 component, regarded as an obvious and reliable indicator ...
... Data, supporting the suggestion that auditory information processing continued while persons were asleep, were also obtained by Kállai, Harsh, & Voss (2003). These authors found attention enhancing mechanisms in sleep. The large amplitude N350 component, regarded as an obvious and reliable indicator ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... The primary auditory cortex (A1) is organized tonotopically, with neurons sensitive to high and low frequencies arranged in a rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mo ...
... The primary auditory cortex (A1) is organized tonotopically, with neurons sensitive to high and low frequencies arranged in a rostro-caudal gradient. We used laser scanning photostimulation in acute slices to study the organization of local excitatory connections onto layers 2 and 3 (L2/3) of the mo ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
... his beloved avoided his gaze. He might have been wrong (she might not have seen him, or she might have been coy), but for better or worse his judgement was based on information derived from the eyes. Of the objects that we routinely see in the course of a day, the human face is perhaps the most freq ...
... his beloved avoided his gaze. He might have been wrong (she might not have seen him, or she might have been coy), but for better or worse his judgement was based on information derived from the eyes. Of the objects that we routinely see in the course of a day, the human face is perhaps the most freq ...
1. Materials and Methods
... separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence for the action, be it auditory or visual, is sufficient to retrieve a full-blown representation ...
... separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence for the action, be it auditory or visual, is sufficient to retrieve a full-blown representation ...
PDF preprint - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... (Purkinje, 1823; Helmholtz, 1925; Smythies, 1960), or on applying deep binocular pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Sieg ...
... (Purkinje, 1823; Helmholtz, 1925; Smythies, 1960), or on applying deep binocular pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Sieg ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... Submitted 23 June 2008; accepted in final form 8 November 2008 ...
... Submitted 23 June 2008; accepted in final form 8 November 2008 ...