Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... Coding properties are also influenced heavily by the pinnae and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003) ...
... Coding properties are also influenced heavily by the pinnae and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003) ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... 1989). Area 10 has expanded significantly in humans, especially on the lateral surface, concomitant with the expansion of other lateral prefrontal areas (Semendeferi et al., 2011). Recent mapping studies that compare functional coupling of activation across cortical areas in humans and monkeys have ...
... 1989). Area 10 has expanded significantly in humans, especially on the lateral surface, concomitant with the expansion of other lateral prefrontal areas (Semendeferi et al., 2011). Recent mapping studies that compare functional coupling of activation across cortical areas in humans and monkeys have ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Some fishes, such as catfish, are well-known experimental animals in the study of vertebrate olfaction (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Results of the present investigation provide the opportunity to determine the logic of how specific biologically relevant odorants, such as a ...
... (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Some fishes, such as catfish, are well-known experimental animals in the study of vertebrate olfaction (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Results of the present investigation provide the opportunity to determine the logic of how specific biologically relevant odorants, such as a ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... also occurs in the normal visual field where there is no deficit of visual inputs. In one example, stabilization of the border of a surface on the retina causes fillingin. For instance, when steady fixation is maintained, the contrast of an object in the peripheral visual field gradually decreases, ...
... also occurs in the normal visual field where there is no deficit of visual inputs. In one example, stabilization of the border of a surface on the retina causes fillingin. For instance, when steady fixation is maintained, the contrast of an object in the peripheral visual field gradually decreases, ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Some fishes, such as catfish, are well-known experimental animals in the study of vertebrate olfaction (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Results of the present investigation provide the opportunity to determine the logic of how specific biologically relevant odorants, such as a ...
... (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Some fishes, such as catfish, are well-known experimental animals in the study of vertebrate olfaction (Sorensen and Caprio 1998). Results of the present investigation provide the opportunity to determine the logic of how specific biologically relevant odorants, such as a ...
download file
... Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of standard and enriched housing conditions. A: standard-housed rats were 1–2 in a hanging cage in the animal colony room. B: enriched-housed rats were 4 – 8 in a large cage separate from the animal colony room. The cage had 4 levels linked by ramps. Sounds like ramp moveme ...
... Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of standard and enriched housing conditions. A: standard-housed rats were 1–2 in a hanging cage in the animal colony room. B: enriched-housed rats were 4 – 8 in a large cage separate from the animal colony room. The cage had 4 levels linked by ramps. Sounds like ramp moveme ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... have indicated, however, that depression of thalamocortical synaptic transmission after MD is very rapid, occurring at the same rate as the OD shift (Khibnik, Cho, & Bear, 2010). Thus, although modifications of other synapses clearly occur after MD, the changes in thalamocortical synaptic transmissi ...
... have indicated, however, that depression of thalamocortical synaptic transmission after MD is very rapid, occurring at the same rate as the OD shift (Khibnik, Cho, & Bear, 2010). Thus, although modifications of other synapses clearly occur after MD, the changes in thalamocortical synaptic transmissi ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... Looming images can provide animals with information about the speed and direction of approach of objects, when both these objects and the animals themselves move. The ability to detect and react to looming objects is present in most visual animals from insects to mammals, even though their visual sy ...
... Looming images can provide animals with information about the speed and direction of approach of objects, when both these objects and the animals themselves move. The ability to detect and react to looming objects is present in most visual animals from insects to mammals, even though their visual sy ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... from each hemisphere were analysed. The spacing of ocular dominance columns was determined by using period statistics, a recently described technique for the 2-dimensional spatial analysis of columnar patterns (Rathjen et al. 2002). Briefly, period statistics detects the typical periodicity length o ...
... from each hemisphere were analysed. The spacing of ocular dominance columns was determined by using period statistics, a recently described technique for the 2-dimensional spatial analysis of columnar patterns (Rathjen et al. 2002). Briefly, period statistics detects the typical periodicity length o ...
Digital HEaring Aids
... MORE sounds are HEARD – Automatic loudness scaling allows more sounds to be audible ...
... MORE sounds are HEARD – Automatic loudness scaling allows more sounds to be audible ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... Behaviorally meaningful sensory inputs, such as the sound of music or the wafting scent of a pie, rapidly change over time. In all sensory modalities, the dynamics of these sensory inputs influence both our perception of them and how the brain processes them. For instance, neural responses in the vi ...
... Behaviorally meaningful sensory inputs, such as the sound of music or the wafting scent of a pie, rapidly change over time. In all sensory modalities, the dynamics of these sensory inputs influence both our perception of them and how the brain processes them. For instance, neural responses in the vi ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... visual cortex involves the introduction of electrical current into a small cortical region through an electrode placed on the cortical surface or a microelectrode inserted into cortical matter [10,11]. The current reversibly activates neurons in the vicinity of the electrode to fire action potential ...
... visual cortex involves the introduction of electrical current into a small cortical region through an electrode placed on the cortical surface or a microelectrode inserted into cortical matter [10,11]. The current reversibly activates neurons in the vicinity of the electrode to fire action potential ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... Copyright 2000 by John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or ...
... Copyright 2000 by John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been observed in different insect species (Wilson et al. 2004; Schlief and Wilson 2007; Perez-Orive et al. ...
... specific (∼25 % activating odors) than l-PNs (∼50 %), albeit tested at the highest stimulus concentration (pure odors). The general result of a rather broad odor tuning at the level of PNs has been observed in different insect species (Wilson et al. 2004; Schlief and Wilson 2007; Perez-Orive et al. ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... Our update of the original EPF model includes the contribution of 5 years of empirical findings of autistic perceptual functioning, resulting in a revised and expanded articulation of the model. Accordingly, we propose principles that both characterize autistic perception and provide a framework for ...
... Our update of the original EPF model includes the contribution of 5 years of empirical findings of autistic perceptual functioning, resulting in a revised and expanded articulation of the model. Accordingly, we propose principles that both characterize autistic perception and provide a framework for ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... encapsulated, since the characteristics of visual perception have an impact on the imagination process. To insist on the modularity axiom leads to problems for the visual theory of reasoning and vice versa, since there are apparently some mechanisms that are shared by visual mental images and visual ...
... encapsulated, since the characteristics of visual perception have an impact on the imagination process. To insist on the modularity axiom leads to problems for the visual theory of reasoning and vice versa, since there are apparently some mechanisms that are shared by visual mental images and visual ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of the properties of the neural substrate, we must be said to be interested precisely in the formulation, testing, accepting and falsifying of linking propositions. Y ...
... cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of the properties of the neural substrate, we must be said to be interested precisely in the formulation, testing, accepting and falsifying of linking propositions. Y ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signals to hypothalamic neurons of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which controls stress responses in anima ...
... axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signals to hypothalamic neurons of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which controls stress responses in anima ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... ing has become a dominant theory of perception (Gregory, 1980; Friston, 2005; Bar, 2007). However, although there is neurophysiological evidence showing error signals resulting from failed predictions (Wang et al., 2006; Alink et al., 2010), little is known about how memory representations support p ...
... ing has become a dominant theory of perception (Gregory, 1980; Friston, 2005; Bar, 2007). However, although there is neurophysiological evidence showing error signals resulting from failed predictions (Wang et al., 2006; Alink et al., 2010), little is known about how memory representations support p ...
download file
... the subjects are actively attending a visual task (Watanabe et al., 2001; Seitz and Watanabe, 2003). These results suggest that the directed attention facilitates the learning of associated sensory features. ...
... the subjects are actively attending a visual task (Watanabe et al., 2001; Seitz and Watanabe, 2003). These results suggest that the directed attention facilitates the learning of associated sensory features. ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... 1971; Shepherd, 1972; Moulton, 1976). Several of these theories assume the existence of a spatially organized projection of receptor neurons onto the second-order mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Evidence suggesting a spatial organization of projections has been reported in a number of studies (L ...
... 1971; Shepherd, 1972; Moulton, 1976). Several of these theories assume the existence of a spatially organized projection of receptor neurons onto the second-order mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Evidence suggesting a spatial organization of projections has been reported in a number of studies (L ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (which is present in many natural foods such as tomatoes, mushrooms, and milk6) and IMP (which is present ...
... neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (which is present in many natural foods such as tomatoes, mushrooms, and milk6) and IMP (which is present ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... For that reason, visual object recognition operates not on specific combinations of individual pixels, but rather on complex constructs involving several layers of processing leading from pixels to lines on to phase-invariant lines and all the way to faces and other objects. Something similar is tru ...
... For that reason, visual object recognition operates not on specific combinations of individual pixels, but rather on complex constructs involving several layers of processing leading from pixels to lines on to phase-invariant lines and all the way to faces and other objects. Something similar is tru ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... The connectivity of VS with OFC and ABL suggests that it might also represent the value of expected outcomes. This would be consistent with its proposed role as the “critic” in actor-critic models, where VS generates value predictions about future outcomes, which are used by dopamine (DA) neurons to ...
... The connectivity of VS with OFC and ABL suggests that it might also represent the value of expected outcomes. This would be consistent with its proposed role as the “critic” in actor-critic models, where VS generates value predictions about future outcomes, which are used by dopamine (DA) neurons to ...