A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... The biased competition model (Duncan, 1998; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Reynolds et al., 1999) is a leading account of the neurophysiological data associated with attention (Frith, 2001; Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000). This theory proposes that visual stimuli compete to be represented by cortical act ...
... The biased competition model (Duncan, 1998; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Reynolds et al., 1999) is a leading account of the neurophysiological data associated with attention (Frith, 2001; Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000). This theory proposes that visual stimuli compete to be represented by cortical act ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... Vogles, 2000). Large receptive fields allow neuronal responses to be relatively independent of stimulus position, thereby achieving position invariant coding of complex patterns. However, large receptive fields also incur a cost of reduced spatial resolution, and this is problematic in a typical vis ...
... Vogles, 2000). Large receptive fields allow neuronal responses to be relatively independent of stimulus position, thereby achieving position invariant coding of complex patterns. However, large receptive fields also incur a cost of reduced spatial resolution, and this is problematic in a typical vis ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... E. In the investigated cases, however, the distortion of the spectrum was negligible, so that the simple one-to-one mapping nonlinearity sufficed for the transformation. This also allowed us to use the reverse transformation back into Gaussian stimuli for the purpose of calculating information-theor ...
... E. In the investigated cases, however, the distortion of the spectrum was negligible, so that the simple one-to-one mapping nonlinearity sufficed for the transformation. This also allowed us to use the reverse transformation back into Gaussian stimuli for the purpose of calculating information-theor ...
Analyzing Neural Responses to Natural Signals: Maximally
... Bialek & de Ruyter van Steveninck, 2003). It can be shown that the dimensionality of the RS is equal to the number of nonzero eigenvalues of a matrix given by a difference between covariance matrices of all presented stimuli and stimuli conditional on a spike. Moreover, the RS is spanned by the eige ...
... Bialek & de Ruyter van Steveninck, 2003). It can be shown that the dimensionality of the RS is equal to the number of nonzero eigenvalues of a matrix given by a difference between covariance matrices of all presented stimuli and stimuli conditional on a spike. Moreover, the RS is spanned by the eige ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... mechanisms to allow successful performance of the behavior. The amygdala also activates the hypothalamus to motivate the player to hit a good shot. B. To execute the shot the player must use all of the structures illustrated in A as well as others. The player's motor cortex must send signals to the ...
... mechanisms to allow successful performance of the behavior. The amygdala also activates the hypothalamus to motivate the player to hit a good shot. B. To execute the shot the player must use all of the structures illustrated in A as well as others. The player's motor cortex must send signals to the ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... azimuthal locations); (7) silence. Subjects were pretested before scanning with examples of stimuli based on each generic HRTF to select the HRTF that gave the most reliable percept of an external sound source during scanning. All subjects perceived the stimuli used during scanning as originating fr ...
... azimuthal locations); (7) silence. Subjects were pretested before scanning with examples of stimuli based on each generic HRTF to select the HRTF that gave the most reliable percept of an external sound source during scanning. All subjects perceived the stimuli used during scanning as originating fr ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presented at threshold contrast but with suprathreshold stimuli as well (Ito & Gilbert, 1999). The time course of the facilitation follows that of the respo ...
... In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presented at threshold contrast but with suprathreshold stimuli as well (Ito & Gilbert, 1999). The time course of the facilitation follows that of the respo ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... the spherical basis functions and allow for the shape of the receptive field to depend on sound intensity. Similarly, the nonlinear dependence of mean latency on intensity is provided by introduction of the final term exp{ξi j η} in equation (1). Constrained optimization techniques were used to fit ...
... the spherical basis functions and allow for the shape of the receptive field to depend on sound intensity. Similarly, the nonlinear dependence of mean latency on intensity is provided by introduction of the final term exp{ξi j η} in equation (1). Constrained optimization techniques were used to fit ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... representation of the 3D structure of an object in objectcentered coordinates. In his model, an important intermediate step towards the goal is to establish a viewercentered representation of the surface geometry of an object. He suggested that depth information may first be extracted independently ...
... representation of the 3D structure of an object in objectcentered coordinates. In his model, an important intermediate step towards the goal is to establish a viewercentered representation of the surface geometry of an object. He suggested that depth information may first be extracted independently ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... are being reviewed. The way they interact with each other is studied by combining retinal and extraretinal signals. Interactions between retinal disparity and viewing distance have been shown in foveal V1; we have observed a strong modulation of the spontaneous activity and of the visual response of ...
... are being reviewed. The way they interact with each other is studied by combining retinal and extraretinal signals. Interactions between retinal disparity and viewing distance have been shown in foveal V1; we have observed a strong modulation of the spontaneous activity and of the visual response of ...
Operant vs. Respondent Conditioning
... In operant conditioning, must detect response in order to know when to deliver reinforcement In respondent conditioning, must detect response to know whether conditioning is taking place ...
... In operant conditioning, must detect response in order to know when to deliver reinforcement In respondent conditioning, must detect response to know whether conditioning is taking place ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... brain activity related to the sensory processing of the kinesthetic afferent information from the activity related to the processing of vibration stimuli over the skin per se. In our series of neuroimaging experiments (Naito and others 1999, 2002b, 2002c; Naito and Ehrsson 2001), we adopted two appr ...
... brain activity related to the sensory processing of the kinesthetic afferent information from the activity related to the processing of vibration stimuli over the skin per se. In our series of neuroimaging experiments (Naito and others 1999, 2002b, 2002c; Naito and Ehrsson 2001), we adopted two appr ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... "affective" counterparts. When we imagine food, we feel appetite, for example. 4. Some mental events exist also in higher animals. This assumption allows us to utilize animal data in the analysis. Since the hypothesis is broad, some issues will be simplified. In addition, many terms will be used in ...
... "affective" counterparts. When we imagine food, we feel appetite, for example. 4. Some mental events exist also in higher animals. This assumption allows us to utilize animal data in the analysis. Since the hypothesis is broad, some issues will be simplified. In addition, many terms will be used in ...
Cranial Nerves: Assessment of Functions
... in diameter), and in the center of the eye. Unequal pupils (anisocoria) may be congenital and have no pathologic significance or may occur as a result of a variety of abnormalities, including syphilis, multiple sclerosis, and sympathetic paralysis. If both pupils are markedly smaller or larger than ...
... in diameter), and in the center of the eye. Unequal pupils (anisocoria) may be congenital and have no pathologic significance or may occur as a result of a variety of abnormalities, including syphilis, multiple sclerosis, and sympathetic paralysis. If both pupils are markedly smaller or larger than ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
pain - Dog2Doc.com
... pressure, pain, and temperature • Axons decussate in the spinal cord and ascend within the anterior and lateral spinothalamic ...
... pressure, pain, and temperature • Axons decussate in the spinal cord and ascend within the anterior and lateral spinothalamic ...
Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
Cranial Nerves: Assessment of Functions
... in diameter), and in the center of the eye. Unequal pupils (anisocoria) may be congenital and have no pathologic significance or may occur as a result of a variety of abnormalities, including syphilis, multiple sclerosis, and sympathetic paralysis. If both pupils are markedly smaller or larger than ...
... in diameter), and in the center of the eye. Unequal pupils (anisocoria) may be congenital and have no pathologic significance or may occur as a result of a variety of abnormalities, including syphilis, multiple sclerosis, and sympathetic paralysis. If both pupils are markedly smaller or larger than ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... objects and faces, activation of this specialized occipital region seems to be encoding the presence of symmetry in the visual field. Perceptual Processing of Pattern Symmetries Visual perception begins with the projection of a visual image onto the array of retinal cones that each respond over as l ...
... objects and faces, activation of this specialized occipital region seems to be encoding the presence of symmetry in the visual field. Perceptual Processing of Pattern Symmetries Visual perception begins with the projection of a visual image onto the array of retinal cones that each respond over as l ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... reflected by the fact that the majority of neurons in the primary visual cortex are sensitive to such contextual influences from surrounding regions. Surrounding stimuli outside the classical receptive field do not activate the cell but modulate the response to the stimulus that falls within it. Thi ...
... reflected by the fact that the majority of neurons in the primary visual cortex are sensitive to such contextual influences from surrounding regions. Surrounding stimuli outside the classical receptive field do not activate the cell but modulate the response to the stimulus that falls within it. Thi ...
NM Study Guide 2 Lecture #1 10/6/14 I. Normal Upper Extremity
... by abnormal tone and the influence of synergies (constraint of the individual). Picking up a coffee cup requires the individual to adapt their hand to the shape of the cup (constraints of the task). This is a specific requirement to be successful at the task. Environmental elements may include the h ...
... by abnormal tone and the influence of synergies (constraint of the individual). Picking up a coffee cup requires the individual to adapt their hand to the shape of the cup (constraints of the task). This is a specific requirement to be successful at the task. Environmental elements may include the h ...
Chapter 7: Eyes and Ears
... With aging, alterations in the chemistry of the vitreous humor make it lose transparency and cause more scattering of light. Blocking and scattering of light are increased by small areas of vitreous humor that become opaque and often grow large enough to be visible in the field of view. These areas, ...
... With aging, alterations in the chemistry of the vitreous humor make it lose transparency and cause more scattering of light. Blocking and scattering of light are increased by small areas of vitreous humor that become opaque and often grow large enough to be visible in the field of view. These areas, ...
Perception
""Percept"", ""perceptual"", ""perceptible"" and ""imperceptible"" redirect here. For the Brian Blade album, see Perceptual (album). For the perceptibility of digital watermarks, see Digital watermarking#Perceptibility. For other uses, see Perception (disambiguation) and Percept (disambiguation).Perception (from the Latin perceptio, percipio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention.Perception can be split into two processes Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms (attention) that influence perception.Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness.Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques. Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception. Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.Although the senses were traditionally viewed as passive receptors, the study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input. There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.