How Do We See the World?
... Dogs provide a good example of the difference between the world that is “out there” and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and w ...
... Dogs provide a good example of the difference between the world that is “out there” and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and w ...
specification of synaptic connections mediating the simple stretch
... establish monosynaptic connections with triceps, but not pectoral or subscapular, motoneurones during the same developmental period as afferent fibres supplying these other, non-triceps muscles make connections with their own motoneurones (Frank and Westerfield, 1983). In the developing chick embryo ...
... establish monosynaptic connections with triceps, but not pectoral or subscapular, motoneurones during the same developmental period as afferent fibres supplying these other, non-triceps muscles make connections with their own motoneurones (Frank and Westerfield, 1983). In the developing chick embryo ...
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... the magnocellular component of visual system (which responds to contrast and movement) has led to alternative theories challenging the phonological deficit model of dyslexia. Deficits in the magno system have also been proposed as an explanation for the symptoms of visual stress which many people ex ...
... the magnocellular component of visual system (which responds to contrast and movement) has led to alternative theories challenging the phonological deficit model of dyslexia. Deficits in the magno system have also been proposed as an explanation for the symptoms of visual stress which many people ex ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
... by God, should have a physical seat in brain matter, was an anathema). Also the established science condemned him because he could not provide real scientific proof of his theory, but also because phrenology was quickly taken over by quacks and was considered a kind of moneymaking fraud. Nevertheles ...
... by God, should have a physical seat in brain matter, was an anathema). Also the established science condemned him because he could not provide real scientific proof of his theory, but also because phrenology was quickly taken over by quacks and was considered a kind of moneymaking fraud. Nevertheles ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... an operant chamber (Verhagen et al., 2007). Electrophysiological recordings and data analyses. Spike waveforms (of To ensure odor sampling, rats were first water deprived and, in two to no less than 3:1 signal-to-noise ratio) and local field potentials (LFPs) five adaptation sessions, trained to rec ...
... an operant chamber (Verhagen et al., 2007). Electrophysiological recordings and data analyses. Spike waveforms (of To ensure odor sampling, rats were first water deprived and, in two to no less than 3:1 signal-to-noise ratio) and local field potentials (LFPs) five adaptation sessions, trained to rec ...
Complex Motion Perception and its Deficits
... signals. To create an abstract representation of space the posterior parietal cortex combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodie ...
... signals. To create an abstract representation of space the posterior parietal cortex combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodie ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... criteria but do form synapses to gustatory ganglion neurons (as well as to basal cells) Receptor potential: Voltage shift occur when taste cells are activated by chemicals Slide 8 ...
... criteria but do form synapses to gustatory ganglion neurons (as well as to basal cells) Receptor potential: Voltage shift occur when taste cells are activated by chemicals Slide 8 ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... was consciously perceived. We observed neurons that followed the percept in all four areas of the MTL. Given the low number of neurons, it is difficult to draw any conclusion about possible distinctions across regions (the number of neurons that followed the percept ranged from 2 to 18). The remaini ...
... was consciously perceived. We observed neurons that followed the percept in all four areas of the MTL. Given the low number of neurons, it is difficult to draw any conclusion about possible distinctions across regions (the number of neurons that followed the percept ranged from 2 to 18). The remaini ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17:3, pp. 377–391 ...
... Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17:3, pp. 377–391 ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... here is equivalent to a Cartesian coordinate system for computing the stimulus direction vector. For any air current stimulus direction, the firing rates of the active interneurons could be decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesia ...
... here is equivalent to a Cartesian coordinate system for computing the stimulus direction vector. For any air current stimulus direction, the firing rates of the active interneurons could be decoded as Cartesian coordinates by neurons at successive processing stages. The implications of this Cartesia ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... al. (1970). In cats, this feedback seems to be numerically the dominant input, exceeding retinal afferents by an estimated factor of ten (Sherman & Koch, 1986). In monkeys, the feedback is relatively smaller (Wilson, 1989), but probably still larger than the retinal input. The functional role of cor ...
... al. (1970). In cats, this feedback seems to be numerically the dominant input, exceeding retinal afferents by an estimated factor of ten (Sherman & Koch, 1986). In monkeys, the feedback is relatively smaller (Wilson, 1989), but probably still larger than the retinal input. The functional role of cor ...
Taste Physiology - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... all four modalities can be sensed on pharynx and epiglottis. additional taste modality named UMAMI has been postulated to exist - taste of (monosodium) glutamate. taste cells are not different histologically; each nerve fiber responds to more than one taste stimulus (but responds best to one o ...
... all four modalities can be sensed on pharynx and epiglottis. additional taste modality named UMAMI has been postulated to exist - taste of (monosodium) glutamate. taste cells are not different histologically; each nerve fiber responds to more than one taste stimulus (but responds best to one o ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... the prior (here the conditional probability given that other neurons re in a specic pattern) has to be taken into account. Put in neural terms, this latter view implies that the activity of individual neurons, taken on their own, does not carry completely invariant information; it is the context o ...
... the prior (here the conditional probability given that other neurons re in a specic pattern) has to be taken into account. Put in neural terms, this latter view implies that the activity of individual neurons, taken on their own, does not carry completely invariant information; it is the context o ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... According to traditional views of cognition, perception precedes action and is not influenced by it. Sensory input determines how the world is represented in an organism’s nervous system whereas processes underlying action only play a role in how the organism modifies the environment. This passive, ...
... According to traditional views of cognition, perception precedes action and is not influenced by it. Sensory input determines how the world is represented in an organism’s nervous system whereas processes underlying action only play a role in how the organism modifies the environment. This passive, ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10-3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible stimulus to which the neuron would respond -- it simply was the only stimulus in our set of 47 pi ...
... 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10-3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible stimulus to which the neuron would respond -- it simply was the only stimulus in our set of 47 pi ...
Linking form and motion in the primate brain
... interactions Motion from form could well cause the sense of motion that we perceive while viewing static representations of motion, as present in photographs, sculptures and paintings. Furthermore, this process might help us to distinguish the movement of an animal, person or object against a moving ...
... interactions Motion from form could well cause the sense of motion that we perceive while viewing static representations of motion, as present in photographs, sculptures and paintings. Furthermore, this process might help us to distinguish the movement of an animal, person or object against a moving ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... include the anterior, posterior, and rostral spinocerebellar, as well as the cuneocerebellar tracts, relay primarily proprioceptive (but also some pain and pressure) information (Table 10.1). The ascending sensory pathways are the main avenues by which information concerning the body’s interaction w ...
... include the anterior, posterior, and rostral spinocerebellar, as well as the cuneocerebellar tracts, relay primarily proprioceptive (but also some pain and pressure) information (Table 10.1). The ascending sensory pathways are the main avenues by which information concerning the body’s interaction w ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... that in the orbitofrontal cortex taste areas, of 112 single neurons that responded to any of these modalities, many were unimodal (taste 34%, olfactory 13%, visual 21%), but were found in close proximity to each other.29 Some single neurons showed convergence, responding for example to taste and vis ...
... that in the orbitofrontal cortex taste areas, of 112 single neurons that responded to any of these modalities, many were unimodal (taste 34%, olfactory 13%, visual 21%), but were found in close proximity to each other.29 Some single neurons showed convergence, responding for example to taste and vis ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
Perception
""Percept"", ""perceptual"", ""perceptible"" and ""imperceptible"" redirect here. For the Brian Blade album, see Perceptual (album). For the perceptibility of digital watermarks, see Digital watermarking#Perceptibility. For other uses, see Perception (disambiguation) and Percept (disambiguation).Perception (from the Latin perceptio, percipio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention.Perception can be split into two processes Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms (attention) that influence perception.Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness.Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques. Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception. Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.Although the senses were traditionally viewed as passive receptors, the study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input. There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.