Sparse Neural Systems: The Ersatz Brain gets Thin
... Sparse coding provides •increased storage capacity in associative memories •is easy to work with computationally, We will make use of these properties. Sparse coding also •“makes structure in natural signals explicit” •is energy efficient. Best of all: ...
... Sparse coding provides •increased storage capacity in associative memories •is easy to work with computationally, We will make use of these properties. Sparse coding also •“makes structure in natural signals explicit” •is energy efficient. Best of all: ...
Visual System - UAB School of Optometry
... -> Neurons can have very large receptive fields… -> …but specificity for visual stimuli can be VERY high -> Lesions of IT can have devastating consequences for the ability to recognize specific objects (e.g. faces: PROSOPAGNOSIA) with no corresponding loss of acuity or visual field deficits. ...
... -> Neurons can have very large receptive fields… -> …but specificity for visual stimuli can be VERY high -> Lesions of IT can have devastating consequences for the ability to recognize specific objects (e.g. faces: PROSOPAGNOSIA) with no corresponding loss of acuity or visual field deficits. ...
PID *****2515 1.Why is it difficult to understand olfactory neural
... odors. Discrimination depends on combinatorial coding and on circuitlevel interactions at multiple steps of olfactory processing. (p45). However, it is hard to classify receptors because it is hard to know their exact function. ...
... odors. Discrimination depends on combinatorial coding and on circuitlevel interactions at multiple steps of olfactory processing. (p45). However, it is hard to classify receptors because it is hard to know their exact function. ...
Special Senses
... conformation (shape) in response to light energy. 4. The visual pigments: Rhodopsin (rods) and Iodopsin (cones)- consist of retinal (a form of vitamin A) bound to the protein opsin. Opsin exists in a few different forms, and black/white vs. color vision is determined by the form of opsin in the rods ...
... conformation (shape) in response to light energy. 4. The visual pigments: Rhodopsin (rods) and Iodopsin (cones)- consist of retinal (a form of vitamin A) bound to the protein opsin. Opsin exists in a few different forms, and black/white vs. color vision is determined by the form of opsin in the rods ...
Chicurel2001NatureNV..
... Gray and Singer’s experiments motivated many others to turn to multi-unit recordings. The precise significance of the oscillations they saw remains a matter for debate. But dozens of multi-unit studies have since shown that synchronous firing is associated with visual perception and the conscious pr ...
... Gray and Singer’s experiments motivated many others to turn to multi-unit recordings. The precise significance of the oscillations they saw remains a matter for debate. But dozens of multi-unit studies have since shown that synchronous firing is associated with visual perception and the conscious pr ...
Multi-Sensory Neurons
... neurons receive input from two senses: about 10% of auditory neurons also process visual input, 10% of somato-sensory neurons process visual information as well, while about 10% of visual neurons also receive auditory information, and another 10% of visual neurons in another area in the visual cort ...
... neurons receive input from two senses: about 10% of auditory neurons also process visual input, 10% of somato-sensory neurons process visual information as well, while about 10% of visual neurons also receive auditory information, and another 10% of visual neurons in another area in the visual cort ...
Anatomy of the basal ganglia - Gonda Brain Research Center
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
BrainMechanismsofUnconsciousInference2010
... inhibitory signals obtained from other neurons. • They signal to other neurons primarily via ‘spikes’ or action potentials. ...
... inhibitory signals obtained from other neurons. • They signal to other neurons primarily via ‘spikes’ or action potentials. ...
Text S2: Conflicting demands of localization and pattern
... the response curves with respect to the mean level of the stimulus in the direction-coding pathway However, in order to achieve invariance with respect to x and µ in the central pattern neuron, we can make use of the subtraction of the peripheries. For any given ∆x this means that rper(x+µ+∆x) - rpe ...
... the response curves with respect to the mean level of the stimulus in the direction-coding pathway However, in order to achieve invariance with respect to x and µ in the central pattern neuron, we can make use of the subtraction of the peripheries. For any given ∆x this means that rper(x+µ+∆x) - rpe ...
Danczi Csaba László - 2nd WORLD CONGRESS OF ARTS
... The mammalian superior colliculus consists of seven alternating fibrous and cellular laminae, which have been grouped into superficial and deep divisions. Neurons in the superficial layers are responsive only to visual stimuli. Nonvisual stimuli not only fails to produce a response in these neurons, ...
... The mammalian superior colliculus consists of seven alternating fibrous and cellular laminae, which have been grouped into superficial and deep divisions. Neurons in the superficial layers are responsive only to visual stimuli. Nonvisual stimuli not only fails to produce a response in these neurons, ...
Group Redundancy Measures Reveal Redundancy Reduction in the
... auditory modality. Under two different coding paradigms, we show differences in both information content and group redundancies between Ie and cortical auditory neurons. Single Ie neurons carry more information about the presented stimulus, but are also more redundant. On the other hand, auditory co ...
... auditory modality. Under two different coding paradigms, we show differences in both information content and group redundancies between Ie and cortical auditory neurons. Single Ie neurons carry more information about the presented stimulus, but are also more redundant. On the other hand, auditory co ...
Visual System Part 1 – Visual Perception
... • filters, decompresses and restructures the signals from the retina into a more distributed, temporally precise code • favours strong synchronous inputs, and often produces ...
... • filters, decompresses and restructures the signals from the retina into a more distributed, temporally precise code • favours strong synchronous inputs, and often produces ...
Flowers and weeds: cell-type specific pruning in the developing
... the activity-dependent learning rules that shape neural wiring, which include both Hebbian and non-Hebbian forms of plasticity, do not appear to be conserved across different brain regions. For instance, the dendritic trees of the principal cortical neurons increase in size, branching complexity and ...
... the activity-dependent learning rules that shape neural wiring, which include both Hebbian and non-Hebbian forms of plasticity, do not appear to be conserved across different brain regions. For instance, the dendritic trees of the principal cortical neurons increase in size, branching complexity and ...
Attenuating GABAA Receptor Signaling in Dopamine Neurons
... may have disrupted the proper integration of information about reward probability at the level of DA neurons and increased the risk preference of β3-KO mice. ...
... may have disrupted the proper integration of information about reward probability at the level of DA neurons and increased the risk preference of β3-KO mice. ...
Homework 5
... Problem 7. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of beta wave? Problem 8. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of theta wave? Problem 9. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of delta wave? Problem 10. Draw a spectrogram (time frequency graph) o ...
... Problem 7. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of beta wave? Problem 8. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of theta wave? Problem 9. How many action potentials can neurons fire at the peak of delta wave? Problem 10. Draw a spectrogram (time frequency graph) o ...
Ch03
... certain types of stimuli – Neurons that respond to these stimuli will become more predominate due to neural plasticity. – Blakemore and Cooper (1970) showed this by rearing kittens in tubes with either horizontal for vertical lines. – Both behavioral and neural responses showed the development of ne ...
... certain types of stimuli – Neurons that respond to these stimuli will become more predominate due to neural plasticity. – Blakemore and Cooper (1970) showed this by rearing kittens in tubes with either horizontal for vertical lines. – Both behavioral and neural responses showed the development of ne ...
PowerPoint Ch. 6
... From Neuronal Activity to Perception coding of visual information in the brain does not duplicate the stimulus being viewed General Principles of Sensory Coding Muller and the law of specific energies-any activity by a particular nerve always conveys the same kind of information to the brain Qualifi ...
... From Neuronal Activity to Perception coding of visual information in the brain does not duplicate the stimulus being viewed General Principles of Sensory Coding Muller and the law of specific energies-any activity by a particular nerve always conveys the same kind of information to the brain Qualifi ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... natural stimulus is increased beyond the classical receptive field. Stimulation in the classical receptive field also produced sparseness, which could reflect the rather arbitrary nature of the classical/non-classical delineation. Moreover, stimulation in the nonclassical receptive field showed the ...
... natural stimulus is increased beyond the classical receptive field. Stimulation in the classical receptive field also produced sparseness, which could reflect the rather arbitrary nature of the classical/non-classical delineation. Moreover, stimulation in the nonclassical receptive field showed the ...
Receptive Fields
... differences are in the field parameters, which are overlapping by default, and the existence of inhibitory synapses between the three neurons. These synapses are part of a system known as lateral inhibition, in which neighboring receptive fields can often turn each other off in order to increase con ...
... differences are in the field parameters, which are overlapping by default, and the existence of inhibitory synapses between the three neurons. These synapses are part of a system known as lateral inhibition, in which neighboring receptive fields can often turn each other off in order to increase con ...
news and views - Cortical Plasticity
... Because zero-valued synaptic weights translate into ineffectual connections, this implies that most neighboring pairs of neurons should not be connected. This finding helps explain why many neighboring neurons do not connect with functional synapses even though they are so close that their axons and ...
... Because zero-valued synaptic weights translate into ineffectual connections, this implies that most neighboring pairs of neurons should not be connected. This finding helps explain why many neighboring neurons do not connect with functional synapses even though they are so close that their axons and ...
The Binding Problem
... synaptic inputs, it was argued that synchronization provides many important advantages. Synchronization reinforces the interactions among the members of the same assembly, provides a highly effective neuronal signal to systems responding to the output of an assembly. Therefore synchronicity serves a ...
... synaptic inputs, it was argued that synchronization provides many important advantages. Synchronization reinforces the interactions among the members of the same assembly, provides a highly effective neuronal signal to systems responding to the output of an assembly. Therefore synchronicity serves a ...
Coding of Visual Information in the Retina Coding of Light d D k and
... Color discrimination problem… Problem: how does one cell code for yp of information? two types A neuron can only vary its frequency of action potentials. If the cone’s response indicates brightness then it cannot signal for brightness, color. ...
... Color discrimination problem… Problem: how does one cell code for yp of information? two types A neuron can only vary its frequency of action potentials. If the cone’s response indicates brightness then it cannot signal for brightness, color. ...
Solution 1
... information communicated by the neuron? As a tuning curve becomes narrower the regions of steepest slope, which encode the state of the feature that the curve is tuned to respond to, cover a smaller range of values. This type of attentional modulation restricts the range of feature values that the c ...
... information communicated by the neuron? As a tuning curve becomes narrower the regions of steepest slope, which encode the state of the feature that the curve is tuned to respond to, cover a smaller range of values. This type of attentional modulation restricts the range of feature values that the c ...
Document
... Figure 4.9 When an electrode penetrates the cortex perpendicularly, the receptive fields of the neurons encountered along this track overlap. The receptive field recorded at each numbered position along the electrode track is indicated by a correspondingly numbered square. ...
... Figure 4.9 When an electrode penetrates the cortex perpendicularly, the receptive fields of the neurons encountered along this track overlap. The receptive field recorded at each numbered position along the electrode track is indicated by a correspondingly numbered square. ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.