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2nd Seminar on Practical Measures to Manage Aviation Emissions
2nd Seminar on Practical Measures to Manage Aviation Emissions

... Conclusion and the way forward  Support among seminar participants for continuation of work to address aviation emissions through APEC  Range of practical measures that could be pursued at the regional level without duplicating initiatives in ICAO  Consideration to be given to the establishment o ...
Section 733(b) (page 185) - American Public Power Association
Section 733(b) (page 185) - American Public Power Association

... Merchant coal generators are generation facilities that derive at least 85% of heat input from coal or petroleum coke and are not subject to retail rate regulation. Facilities owned by a federal, state, regional agency, or power authority are specifically excluded from the merchant coal generator de ...
Overview of climate science and international circumstances
Overview of climate science and international circumstances

... deal which does not involve the UK reducing its emissions to a per person level consistent with the global average needed to meet the climate objective. This is because it will be hard to find other nations much below the average, especially in a world of substantially-declining emissions. • On the ...
2000-2100 CO 2 e
2000-2100 CO 2 e

... fairing against this challenge? ...
Cutting Carbon in London - Greater London Authority
Cutting Carbon in London - Greater London Authority

... running appliances. New homes can be built to energy-efficient standards, but existing homes require retrofitting with efficiency measures. Slides 5-7 ...
Le grand prix de l`entreprise patrimoniale
Le grand prix de l`entreprise patrimoniale

... Annex 1 parties must establish domestic policies and measures to cut GHG emissions (‘Green policies’) and establish national agencies to monitor and report emissions ...
Climate action
Climate action

... for the period from 2020 to 2030 is needed to ensure regulatory certainty for investors and a coordinated approach among Member States. The framework adopted by EU leaders in October 2014 will drive continued progress towards a low-carbon economy and serve to confirm the EU’s ambition in internation ...
Slide 0
Slide 0

... 2013-2020: 82 percent free/ 15 percent sale / 3 percent for new airlines & new flights to Europe ...
Investment ClImATe CHAnGe bRIeFInG PAPeR
Investment ClImATe CHAnGe bRIeFInG PAPeR

... firms to disclose carbon costs separately in financial statements, and report emissions in line with the GHG Protocol in annual reports and accounts Asset managers need information on corporate carbon performance to reveal off-balance sheet carbon risks for companies, as well as to identify leaders ...
Role of CDM in the UK - Capacity Development for the CDM
Role of CDM in the UK - Capacity Development for the CDM

... Demand for CDM & JI Credits • JI and CDM demand is not solely dependent on “toughness” of EU state NAPs • The key demand drivers for JI & CDM are the Kyoto targets for the EU states • A weak NAP plan will require states to meet Kyoto commitments by reducing emissions in non-ETS sectors (very diffic ...
FP7 Starting Independent Researcher Grant: Ideas and dates
FP7 Starting Independent Researcher Grant: Ideas and dates

... schemes is derived from the instrumental benefit of achieving any given global carbon budget at the lowest possible economic cost rather than from any intrinsic value that the scheme itself might possess (Sorrell and Sijm, 2005, p.195; Mehling, 2005). Cap-andtrade schemes can be contrasted with ‘cre ...
role of carbon taxes in climate change mitigation
role of carbon taxes in climate change mitigation

... wealthier nations to poorer ones could easily be made, based on an agreed formula that takes into account per capita income and historical emissions. This would help to build broader support for a carbon tax approach to international climate policy. Some funds could support technology transfer to de ...
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... failure to act. These costs are economic, but also social and environmental and will especially fall on the poor, in both developing and developed countries. A failure to act will have serious local and global security implications. Most solutions are readily available, but governments must now adop ...
Title
Title

... from the Copenhagen Accord: 1. $30bn pledged by developed countries between 2010 & 2012 for mitigation and adaptation inclusive. • New and additional • Priority access for SIDS, LDCs, Africa. ...
Schenider_Fox - Viessmann European Research Centre
Schenider_Fox - Viessmann European Research Centre

... – Singapore both affluent and emissions intensive, but not Annex I ...
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... • In order for Atmospheric CO2 levels to level off (equilibrium), … implies that inflows = outflows • In 2000, inflow from human activity is 6 bil. Tons, but outflow (removal) is 3 bil. tons • By 2080, inflow (from industrial activity) would need to be reduced to 3 bil. tons • Therefore, need to dec ...
Appendix 2_Methodology for the assessment of policy simplification (opens in new window)
Appendix 2_Methodology for the assessment of policy simplification (opens in new window)

... As noted in Section 3.2 of the paper, when comparing different carbon prices embedded in policy instruments this paper adopts marginal conversion factors, on the grounds that we are primarily interested in the price signal associated with additional consumption at the margin. When looking at actual ...
2007 update - Global Carbon Project
2007 update - Global Carbon Project

... Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC-SRES). This makes current trends in emissions higher than the worst case IPCC-SRES scenario. Fossil fuel and cement emissions released approximately 348 PgC to the atmosphere from 1850 to 2007. Regional fossil fuel ...
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PDF Download

... To study the impact of optional complementary measures, like OBA, CDM and BM, we take the PLEDGES scenario as point of departure. In the scenario PLEDGES WITH OBA we simulate a variant where free allocation of allowances amounts to a subsidy being given on production costs of five percent of the val ...
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... The scenarios were designed around four dimensions. The first dimension was the presence of climate change. Some scenarios included impacts of climate change estimated from the IPCC scenario A2. However, there are significant uncertainties around future climate change and the impacts on agricultural ...
global warming and kyoto protocol :indian scenario on carbon credits
global warming and kyoto protocol :indian scenario on carbon credits

... could occur and worsen conflicts over water use. Healthy forests could be greatly reduced as the range of tree species shifts. Additionally, humans could suffer from increases in the spread of infectious diseases, heat-related deaths, and air pollution. Global climate change could potentially cause ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Recognizing that steps required to understand and address climate change will be environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations and continually reevaluated in the light of new findings in these areas, Recogniz ...
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... “Mitigation” is a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Mitigation, together with adaptation to climate change, contributes to the goal expressed in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to “prevent dangerous anth ...
Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism: The
Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism: The

... greenhouse gases, so one ton of CO2 would equal one credit. The credits are licenses to pollute up to the limits set by the commitment to achieve the average reduction of 5.2 percent agreed in Kyoto. The countries then allocate their quota of credits on a nation-wide basis, most commonly by “grandfa ...
8 May 2013 Mr Rob Sturgiss Assistant Secretary National Inventory
8 May 2013 Mr Rob Sturgiss Assistant Secretary National Inventory

... 1. Potential for direct measurement of fugitive methane emissions (venting, leakage, and diffuse) to result in significantly different emission values than those given by current estimation techniques; and 2. Potential adjustment of the global warming potential (GWP) for methane. Only the first of t ...
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European Union Emission Trading Scheme

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), also known as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, was the first large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world, and remains the biggest. It was launched in 2005 to fight Global warming and is a major pillar of EU climate policy. As of 2013, the EU ETS covers more than 11,000 factories, power stations, and other installations with a net heat excess of 20 MW in 31 countries—all 28 EU member states plus Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. The installations regulated by the EU ETS are collectively responsible in 2008 for close to half of the EU's anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and 40% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. The taxation of electricity producers (power stations) for the emissions of CO2 has been controversial as globally, governments have refused to accept the additional burden while many have repealed such schemes such as Canada in 2011 and Australia in 2014.Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. 'Allowances' for emissions are then auctioned off or allocated for free, and can subsequently be traded. Installations must monitor and report their CO2 emissions, ensuring they hand in enough allowances to the authorities to cover their emissions. If emission exceeds what is permitted by its allowances, an installation must purchase allowances from others. Conversely, if an installation has performed well at reducing its emissions, it can sell its leftover credits. This allows the system to find the most cost-effective ways of reducing emissions without significant government intervention.The scheme has been divided into a number of ""trading periods"". The first ETS trading period lasted three years, from January 2005 to December 2007. The second trading period ran from January 2008 until December 2012, coinciding with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. The third trading period began in January 2013 and will span until December 2020. Compared to 2005, when the EU ETS was first implemented, the proposed caps for 2020 represents a 21% reduction of greenhouse gases. This target has been reached 6 years early as emissions in the ETS fell to 1812 mln tonnes in 2014.The EU ETS has seen a number of significant changes, with the first trading period described as a 'learning by doing' phase.Phase III sees a turn to auctioning a majority of permits rather than allocating freely; harmonisation of rules for the remaining allocations; and the inclusion of other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and perfluorocarbons. In 2012, the EU ETS was also extended to the airline industry, though this has been paused for one year given the possibility of a global system for these emissions. The price of EU ETS carbon credits has been lower than intended, with a large surplus of allowances, in part because of the impact of the recent economic crisis on demand. In 2012, the Commission said it would delay the auctioning of some allowances. Currently legislation is under way which would introduce a Market Stability Reserve to the EU ETS that adjusts the annual supply of CO2 permits based on the CO2 permits in circulation
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