Out of the Bunker: Time for a fair deal on shipping emissions
... Champions for such a deal are emerging. As G20 chair, France has made innovative financing for climate change and development a high priority for the summit in Cannes in November 2011 on the eve of the Durban COP. France and Germany both called this July for revenues from a carbon price for ships to ...
... Champions for such a deal are emerging. As G20 chair, France has made innovative financing for climate change and development a high priority for the summit in Cannes in November 2011 on the eve of the Durban COP. France and Germany both called this July for revenues from a carbon price for ships to ...
Energy and the Environment: a cold climate for climate change
... This creates economic inefficiencies: the same reduction in emissions could be achieved at lower cost if all emitters were facing a uniform carbon price. But in many instances, the same emitters are subject to overlapping policies. This often triggers complex procedures to avoid multiple regulations ...
... This creates economic inefficiencies: the same reduction in emissions could be achieved at lower cost if all emitters were facing a uniform carbon price. But in many instances, the same emitters are subject to overlapping policies. This often triggers complex procedures to avoid multiple regulations ...
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Carbon Tax Design)
... (i) At point where fuel is combusted. (ii) May be based on average emissions of production processes. ...
... (i) At point where fuel is combusted. (ii) May be based on average emissions of production processes. ...
The role of EIA in greenhouse gas mitigation Abstract The role of EIA
... New Zealand Situation New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to gen ...
... New Zealand Situation New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to gen ...
Forests, Carbon Markets, and Avoided Deforestation: Legal
... encouraged under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),5 and that the Kyoto Protocol6 fails to support them with a strong incentive framework. There are, however, various promising signals indicating that negotiators will assign a higher priority to forestry and land-use related emi ...
... encouraged under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),5 and that the Kyoto Protocol6 fails to support them with a strong incentive framework. There are, however, various promising signals indicating that negotiators will assign a higher priority to forestry and land-use related emi ...
Analysis on the Status and Developing Trend of Low-carbon
... 2007, accounting for the proportion of the world were respective 72.7% and 64.2%. Clean development mechanism after the EU emissions trading system, its turnover and trading volume respectively accounted for 26% and 30.3%of the world. View from the size of the market, there is a significant gap betw ...
... 2007, accounting for the proportion of the world were respective 72.7% and 64.2%. Clean development mechanism after the EU emissions trading system, its turnover and trading volume respectively accounted for 26% and 30.3%of the world. View from the size of the market, there is a significant gap betw ...
Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rising More Rapidly Than Expected?
... Normal inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of actual energy use and resulting CO2 emissions would be expected to produce yearly emission values that fall both above and below multi-year averages. For example, although recent economic growth in China and India may have been higher than project ...
... Normal inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of actual energy use and resulting CO2 emissions would be expected to produce yearly emission values that fall both above and below multi-year averages. For example, although recent economic growth in China and India may have been higher than project ...
Brief summary of the impact of ship emissions on atmospheric
... volumes transported also need to be taken into account. For instance, marine shipping currently transports more than 90% of the global freight volume in terms of tonne km. In this regard, the ability of shipping to move cargo globally while mitigating growth in emissions ...
... volumes transported also need to be taken into account. For instance, marine shipping currently transports more than 90% of the global freight volume in terms of tonne km. In this regard, the ability of shipping to move cargo globally while mitigating growth in emissions ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository
... imbalances between the North and South.5 7 For example, Anil Agarwal, an environmental researcher at the Center for Science and Environment in New Delhi worries that while wealthy industrialized countries will always have the option to reduce emissions by purchasing emissions reductions from poor co ...
... imbalances between the North and South.5 7 For example, Anil Agarwal, an environmental researcher at the Center for Science and Environment in New Delhi worries that while wealthy industrialized countries will always have the option to reduce emissions by purchasing emissions reductions from poor co ...
Negative greenhouse gas emissions
... global temperature below two degrees Celsius' (2°C). The same target underpins the EU objective of reducing GHG emissions by 80–95% by 2050, compared with 1990 levels. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that cumulative global carbon emissions since 1860 (also known as the 'c ...
... global temperature below two degrees Celsius' (2°C). The same target underpins the EU objective of reducing GHG emissions by 80–95% by 2050, compared with 1990 levels. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that cumulative global carbon emissions since 1860 (also known as the 'c ...
Carbon Emission Accounting – Balancing the books for the UK
... The accounting framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is based on the concept of “territorial” emissions. These are defined as all GHG emissions from a country's territory, apart from those associated with international aviation and shipping. According to the ...
... The accounting framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is based on the concept of “territorial” emissions. These are defined as all GHG emissions from a country's territory, apart from those associated with international aviation and shipping. According to the ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... production moving to other, less emissions efficient countries. ...
... production moving to other, less emissions efficient countries. ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... production moving to other, less emissions efficient countries. ...
... production moving to other, less emissions efficient countries. ...
Climate Change: An Indian Perspective
... emission convergence and equitable allocation of the global atmospheric resources. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) accepted at Rio annex 1 countries (A1Cs) were required to bring their emissions to 1990 level by the year 2000. This very modest target was not ...
... emission convergence and equitable allocation of the global atmospheric resources. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) accepted at Rio annex 1 countries (A1Cs) were required to bring their emissions to 1990 level by the year 2000. This very modest target was not ...
![Climate change LBC 180608[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000994915_1-350404712397f9dc2a07529fdb834827-300x300.png)
Climate change LBC 180608[1]
... B. Market-based mechanisms (contd) Further emission trading provisions – Article 3: 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount f ...
... B. Market-based mechanisms (contd) Further emission trading provisions – Article 3: 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount f ...
B. Principles - The State University of Zanzibar
... B. Market-based mechanisms (contd) Further emission trading provisions – Article 3: 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount f ...
... B. Market-based mechanisms (contd) Further emission trading provisions – Article 3: 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount f ...
Putting a price on pollution: What it means for Australia`s property
... to a desired level, whereas a carbon tax is not as outcome-driven. This is because an emissions trading scheme involves an annual cap on emissions which will be regularly reduced to reach a desired target. Whereas under a tax, the government will need to estimate how emissions-intensive activities w ...
... to a desired level, whereas a carbon tax is not as outcome-driven. This is because an emissions trading scheme involves an annual cap on emissions which will be regularly reduced to reach a desired target. Whereas under a tax, the government will need to estimate how emissions-intensive activities w ...
Perverse incentives under the CDM: a comment - Working Paper 53 (757 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides some basic safeguards to ensure that HFC-23 reductions are additional, primarily aimed at establishing a realistic baseline scenario for HFC-23 projects. However, there have long been doubts about the additionality of HFC-23 projects (Wara, 2007a,b). No ...
... The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides some basic safeguards to ensure that HFC-23 reductions are additional, primarily aimed at establishing a realistic baseline scenario for HFC-23 projects. However, there have long been doubts about the additionality of HFC-23 projects (Wara, 2007a,b). No ...
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
... CO2 emissions, Raupach et al.1 demonstrate consistency in the global carbon budget since 1960 whereas our Article2 demonstrates inconsistency between changes in reported emissions and atmospheric CO2 since 1990. Figure 3 of our Article demonstrated this inconsistency between the two largest and most ...
... CO2 emissions, Raupach et al.1 demonstrate consistency in the global carbon budget since 1960 whereas our Article2 demonstrates inconsistency between changes in reported emissions and atmospheric CO2 since 1990. Figure 3 of our Article demonstrated this inconsistency between the two largest and most ...
PDF
... The buildup of emissions over time is assumed to cause changes in climate leading to reduced agricultural productivity. As a benchmark, we consider the case where agricultural output per worker falls by the same proportion in both countries, say by 10 percent. In response to the decline in agricultu ...
... The buildup of emissions over time is assumed to cause changes in climate leading to reduced agricultural productivity. As a benchmark, we consider the case where agricultural output per worker falls by the same proportion in both countries, say by 10 percent. In response to the decline in agricultu ...
Ruddell et al. 2006
... allocate benefits to entities that reduce emissions at low cost by allowing them to make additional emission reductions, thereby gaining emission allowances that they can sell to those facing high emission reduction costs. Emission trading programs provide a profit incentive to devise lower cost emi ...
... allocate benefits to entities that reduce emissions at low cost by allowing them to make additional emission reductions, thereby gaining emission allowances that they can sell to those facing high emission reduction costs. Emission trading programs provide a profit incentive to devise lower cost emi ...
A balance of bottom-up and top-down in linking climate policies
... is part of this overall plan. The European Union plainly says that an international carbon market will develop “through ‘bottom-up’ linking of compatible emissions trading systems”22. It further states that “linking the EU ETS with other cap-and-trade systems offers several potential benefits, inclu ...
... is part of this overall plan. The European Union plainly says that an international carbon market will develop “through ‘bottom-up’ linking of compatible emissions trading systems”22. It further states that “linking the EU ETS with other cap-and-trade systems offers several potential benefits, inclu ...
Beyond Kyoto: A tax-based system for the global reduction of
... from MAC1 to MAC2) is equal to the area of trapezoid CBE 1E 2, or the difference between the two marginal abatement cost functions for the amount of pollution they are abating (E 1–E 3). Note that if E 3 is achieved by a tax equal to t 3, firms have an even greater incentive to make the technologica ...
... from MAC1 to MAC2) is equal to the area of trapezoid CBE 1E 2, or the difference between the two marginal abatement cost functions for the amount of pollution they are abating (E 1–E 3). Note that if E 3 is achieved by a tax equal to t 3, firms have an even greater incentive to make the technologica ...
Climate Change Case Law Update
... 75 The evidence for the Secretary of State, as I understand it, does not provide direct answers to these points. It is accepted that the 2050 target may require “some constraint on overall growth” in aviation demand, but reliance is placed on the CCC's own observation that their conclusions are dire ...
... 75 The evidence for the Secretary of State, as I understand it, does not provide direct answers to these points. It is accepted that the 2050 target may require “some constraint on overall growth” in aviation demand, but reliance is placed on the CCC's own observation that their conclusions are dire ...