• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES USING THE MARKET TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES USING THE MARKET TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE:

... The tax receipts could also be used compensate low‐income households for the burden of higher energy  prices, as well as compensating others bearing a disproportionate cost of the policy.  The  implementation  of  a  carbon  tax  (or  cap‐and‐trade  system)  will  increase  the  cost  of  consuming  ...
- Brookings Institution
- Brookings Institution

... 2. Climate Negotiations and the Kyoto Protocol International negotiations on climate change policy began in earnest in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit organized by the United Nations. The result of the summit was the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a non-binding agreemen ...
Use Green Taxes and Market Instruments to Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Use Green Taxes and Market Instruments to Reduce Greenhouse Gas

... especially in populations whose way of life will be threatened (the Inuit, for example), will become more prevalent. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Canada is supposed to reduce GHG emissions to 6 per cent below 1990 levels, on average, during the years 2008–12. However, little real progress has been made ...
UNEP Topic A: New Perspectives on the Kyoto Protocol FEMUN V III
UNEP Topic A: New Perspectives on the Kyoto Protocol FEMUN V III

... Climate Change (UNFCCC) -- to begin to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with whatever temperature increases are inevitable. More recently, a number of nations approved an addition to the treaty: the Kyoto Protocol (190 of the UNFCCC have ratified it), which has more pow ...
Paying for carbon emissions reduction
Paying for carbon emissions reduction

... ETS) is an important part of the UK government’s effort to limit carbon emissions. It is a “cap and trade scheme” in which an overall cap imposes an absolute limit on the amount of CO2 that participating countries can emit. The overall cap is divided up into individual emissions permits (one permit ...
Ingénierie planétaire : fuite en avant ou solution d`avenir au
Ingénierie planétaire : fuite en avant ou solution d`avenir au

... • Estimate the total (i.e. CO2-equivalent) GHG emissions for countries and estimate time variations • Formulate emission targets at the international level • Break down emission targets between gases within individual countries • Trade emissions in emission trading scheme (ETS) or offset emissions t ...
Uruguay`s iNDC
Uruguay`s iNDC

... sector, the country sets forth specific targets for beef production. This activity accounts for 78% of domestic CH4 emissions (due to enteric fermentation) and 63% of domestic N 2O emissions (due to manure left on pasture by grazing animals). These targets are presented as emission intensity per kil ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES

... solution. Using per capita entitlements as the basis for burden sharing could eliminate the need for long and difficult negotiations about fair differentiation and suitable emission targets for each country. As climate is a global resource and as such it belongs equally to everyone, it is difficult ...
Draft Cars Model Story Line - Tufts Office of Sustainability
Draft Cars Model Story Line - Tufts Office of Sustainability

... atmosphere to stabilize under 450 ppm? How to get the blue line to fall to here? ...
GHG Market Sentiment Survey 2015
GHG Market Sentiment Survey 2015

... while there was demand for the credits generated.” But have these markets delivered meaningful emissions reductions to date? The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) stimulated low-carbon investment in developing countries. There has not been a significant change in sentiment that GHG markets have deli ...
The obscure future of the Kyoto protocol - Hal-SHS
The obscure future of the Kyoto protocol - Hal-SHS

... ensuring that the States “stabilize […] greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents any dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. This convention asked the developed countries (the said Annex 1 countries) to undertake commitments to reduce greenhouse ...
The gains from trade
The gains from trade

... Mexico and other middle-income countries will face four impacts from the ongoing efforts to address the problem of Global Climate Change: ...
PDF
PDF

... Analysis of the SO2 program also sheds light on specific design elements that would be desirable to apply to a future greenhouse gas trading program. For example, experience with the SO2 trading program has shown significant benefits from the temporal flexibility provided by banking provisions (Burt ...
PDF
PDF

... are expected to continue to grow much faster than U.S. emissions (Blanford, et al. 2008). Even if all of the Annex I countries, including the United States, were to reduce their CO2 emissions to zero by 2030, it would be physically impossible for the world to achieve the frequently ...
NEW ZEALAND`S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990–2014
NEW ZEALAND`S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990–2014

... a target of 5 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020 under the UNFCCC and will apply Kyoto Protocol rules to our target. This means New Zealand will report gross emissions as well as emissions and removals for the parts of the LULUCF sector included in the Kyoto Protocol. New Zealand has also announced ...
Climate change policy in Alberta Backgrounder  At a glance
Climate change policy in Alberta Backgrounder At a glance

... to all emissions from a facility, Alberta’s carbon levy actually works out to much less than $15 per tonne because it only applies to a portion of a facility’s emissions. So in effect, assuming that a facility operates at the same intensity as in its baseline year, the maximum cost of complying with ...
PDF
PDF

... FAPRI-Ireland global commodity model was referenced to determine domestic agricultural output levels, but issues such as carbon leakage were not explicitly considered. While the modellers agree that the effects of carbon leakage could be significant when accounting for GHGs globally, this does not c ...
México, parte del Protocolo de Kyoto
México, parte del Protocolo de Kyoto

... Trading Unit: Assigned amount units (AAU) ...
Questions for discussion ETS shelved What does the BtN story
Questions for discussion ETS shelved What does the BtN story

... scheme in Australia will therefore be extended until after the conclusion of the current Kyoto commitment period, which finishes at the end of 2012. That's at least three years before any action is taken on the issue of climate change which is exactly the OPPOSITE of what the Prime Minister was call ...
Report
Report

... The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 addresses the problem of global warming, which can be defined as the human-induced increase in average global temperature that began with the onset of industrialization. Global warming is driven by the enhanced greenhouse effect, which results from ...
Mitigation - European Capacity Building Initiative
Mitigation - European Capacity Building Initiative

... of the first and second commitment periods ; and  Potential consequences of response measures ...
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review

... comprehensive international commitment is to maximise the chances of an effective global agreement being reached as quickly as possible. The rate at which emissions are reduced by Australia in the meantime, and the rates of reduction to which we are now prepared to commit ourselves in the context of ...
PDF
PDF

... Amendment: The ➔COP can change the existing ➔UNFCCC or ➔Protocol text through consensus or, if consensus cannot be reached, by a three-quarters majority vote by all ➔Parties present and voting. Annex I: Industrialised countries that, as parties to the ➔U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, ha ...
Workplan
Workplan

... important GHG is nitrous oxide (N2O), mainly from soil and N input to crop and soil systems. Even if nitrous oxide is a small part of the overall GHG emissions (8% at world scale), agriculture is considered to be its major source through soil management and fertilizer use. Nitrous oxide is a chemica ...


... levels in the atmosphere, would take a lead in reducing their emissions. These are known as Annex B Parties/Countries (38 countries). The Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005. Annex B Parties to the Kyoto Protocol agreed to reduce their collective GHG emission levels by at least 5 per cen ...
< 1 ... 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ... 29 >

European Union Emission Trading Scheme

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), also known as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, was the first large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world, and remains the biggest. It was launched in 2005 to fight Global warming and is a major pillar of EU climate policy. As of 2013, the EU ETS covers more than 11,000 factories, power stations, and other installations with a net heat excess of 20 MW in 31 countries—all 28 EU member states plus Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. The installations regulated by the EU ETS are collectively responsible in 2008 for close to half of the EU's anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and 40% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. The taxation of electricity producers (power stations) for the emissions of CO2 has been controversial as globally, governments have refused to accept the additional burden while many have repealed such schemes such as Canada in 2011 and Australia in 2014.Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. 'Allowances' for emissions are then auctioned off or allocated for free, and can subsequently be traded. Installations must monitor and report their CO2 emissions, ensuring they hand in enough allowances to the authorities to cover their emissions. If emission exceeds what is permitted by its allowances, an installation must purchase allowances from others. Conversely, if an installation has performed well at reducing its emissions, it can sell its leftover credits. This allows the system to find the most cost-effective ways of reducing emissions without significant government intervention.The scheme has been divided into a number of ""trading periods"". The first ETS trading period lasted three years, from January 2005 to December 2007. The second trading period ran from January 2008 until December 2012, coinciding with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. The third trading period began in January 2013 and will span until December 2020. Compared to 2005, when the EU ETS was first implemented, the proposed caps for 2020 represents a 21% reduction of greenhouse gases. This target has been reached 6 years early as emissions in the ETS fell to 1812 mln tonnes in 2014.The EU ETS has seen a number of significant changes, with the first trading period described as a 'learning by doing' phase.Phase III sees a turn to auctioning a majority of permits rather than allocating freely; harmonisation of rules for the remaining allocations; and the inclusion of other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and perfluorocarbons. In 2012, the EU ETS was also extended to the airline industry, though this has been paused for one year given the possibility of a global system for these emissions. The price of EU ETS carbon credits has been lower than intended, with a large surplus of allowances, in part because of the impact of the recent economic crisis on demand. In 2012, the Commission said it would delay the auctioning of some allowances. Currently legislation is under way which would introduce a Market Stability Reserve to the EU ETS that adjusts the annual supply of CO2 permits based on the CO2 permits in circulation
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report