Carbon impact - Electricity North West
... project emissions accounting. This sets out principles in general for accounting for the impact of defined activities, rather than businesses and organisations as a whole, which will guide development of the methodology. Numerous examples of project based calculations of this type are found in the p ...
... project emissions accounting. This sets out principles in general for accounting for the impact of defined activities, rather than businesses and organisations as a whole, which will guide development of the methodology. Numerous examples of project based calculations of this type are found in the p ...
Carbon Accounting and Management
... Scope 1 - Direct emissions Direct emissions resulting from activities within the organisation‟s control. Includes on-site fuel combustion, manufacturing and process emissions, refrigerant losses and company vehicles. Scope 2 - Indirect emissions: electricity and heat Indirect emissions from electric ...
... Scope 1 - Direct emissions Direct emissions resulting from activities within the organisation‟s control. Includes on-site fuel combustion, manufacturing and process emissions, refrigerant losses and company vehicles. Scope 2 - Indirect emissions: electricity and heat Indirect emissions from electric ...
Financial Implications of Direct Bank Lending and Carbon Emissions
... Governmental entities issuing DBPs are not subject to public disclosure requirements when taking on debt in the form of direct bank loan. As privately-offered loans, these products do not meet the definition of a municipal security under the SEC rules, and, therefore, are exempt from Rule 15c2-12. A ...
... Governmental entities issuing DBPs are not subject to public disclosure requirements when taking on debt in the form of direct bank loan. As privately-offered loans, these products do not meet the definition of a municipal security under the SEC rules, and, therefore, are exempt from Rule 15c2-12. A ...
The Partnership for Market Readiness
... • Reduce emissions by 36.1%-38.9% below BAU by 2020 as part of voluntary commitment. • Mitigation plan covers forestry, agriculture, energy, iron, steel & other industry, transportation, mining & building sectors. ...
... • Reduce emissions by 36.1%-38.9% below BAU by 2020 as part of voluntary commitment. • Mitigation plan covers forestry, agriculture, energy, iron, steel & other industry, transportation, mining & building sectors. ...
The Path to Carbon Neutrality – CEIBS
... the burden of emission reduction. The first world, that is responsible for global warming, shifts the responsibility on to the third world. Annex B countries reduce their emissions with a market based mechanism called cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme. The government distributes a certain amoun ...
... the burden of emission reduction. The first world, that is responsible for global warming, shifts the responsibility on to the third world. Annex B countries reduce their emissions with a market based mechanism called cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme. The government distributes a certain amoun ...
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... agreements to tackle climate change. The Kyoto Protocol’s main strength may lay in its emissions trading feature—a key for cost-effectiveness, environmental effectiveness, and equity. Its main weakness may lay in the incapacity of Kyoto-type targets to deal with the uncertainties surrounding climate ...
... agreements to tackle climate change. The Kyoto Protocol’s main strength may lay in its emissions trading feature—a key for cost-effectiveness, environmental effectiveness, and equity. Its main weakness may lay in the incapacity of Kyoto-type targets to deal with the uncertainties surrounding climate ...
Executive Summary
... scenarios have several implications compared to leastcost scenarios, including: (i) much higher rates of global emission reductions in the medium term; (ii) greater lock-in of carbon-intensive infrastructure; (iii) greater dependence on certain technologies in the medium-term; (iv) greater costs of ...
... scenarios have several implications compared to leastcost scenarios, including: (i) much higher rates of global emission reductions in the medium term; (ii) greater lock-in of carbon-intensive infrastructure; (iii) greater dependence on certain technologies in the medium-term; (iv) greater costs of ...
PDF
... homogeneous with respect to the country of origin and destination and to the physical characteristics of the product. Therefore commodities are perfect substitutes in consumption in international markets. Based on these assumptions, the model is built as a non-spatial model, which emphasizes the net ...
... homogeneous with respect to the country of origin and destination and to the physical characteristics of the product. Therefore commodities are perfect substitutes in consumption in international markets. Based on these assumptions, the model is built as a non-spatial model, which emphasizes the net ...
The legacy of the Kyoto Protocol: a view from
... emission intensity of energy supply, energy use, transport, buildings, industrial processes, agriculture, and forestry. These policies were introduced partly to achieve KP emission reduction targets or develop CDM projects, partly because of other economic reasons.10–12 Financial support to developi ...
... emission intensity of energy supply, energy use, transport, buildings, industrial processes, agriculture, and forestry. These policies were introduced partly to achieve KP emission reduction targets or develop CDM projects, partly because of other economic reasons.10–12 Financial support to developi ...
Legislative and Policy Initiatives Concerning Global
... currently underway, for considering the commitments of the Annex I Parties to further greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol has been ratified by 168 countries. Of these countries, 35 are Annex I Parties subject to mandatory emission reduction requirements under the Protocol. Developing count ...
... currently underway, for considering the commitments of the Annex I Parties to further greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol has been ratified by 168 countries. Of these countries, 35 are Annex I Parties subject to mandatory emission reduction requirements under the Protocol. Developing count ...
Switzerland
... Base year for gases covered: all 1990 (not relevant where reference level is applied) Sectors covered: energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture; land-use, land-use change and forestry; waste Switzerland supports the inclusion of international aviation and shipping on the basis of fu ...
... Base year for gases covered: all 1990 (not relevant where reference level is applied) Sectors covered: energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture; land-use, land-use change and forestry; waste Switzerland supports the inclusion of international aviation and shipping on the basis of fu ...
The scientific case for a cumulative carbon budget
... we are prepared to accept of failing to meet the goal, and on what happens to non-CO2 warming, but to have even a modest chance of meeting the 2ºC goal, total anthropogenic CO2 emissions over the entire anthropocene must be less than one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.7 trillion tonnes of CO2), well o ...
... we are prepared to accept of failing to meet the goal, and on what happens to non-CO2 warming, but to have even a modest chance of meeting the 2ºC goal, total anthropogenic CO2 emissions over the entire anthropocene must be less than one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.7 trillion tonnes of CO2), well o ...
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of
... contained in chapter III of document FCCC/KP/AWG/2010/CRP.4/Rev.4; (c) Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance removals resulting from anthropogenic land use, land-use change and forestry activities shall continue to be available to Annex I Parties as a means to reach their quanti ...
... contained in chapter III of document FCCC/KP/AWG/2010/CRP.4/Rev.4; (c) Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance removals resulting from anthropogenic land use, land-use change and forestry activities shall continue to be available to Annex I Parties as a means to reach their quanti ...
Further action needed on carbon pricing
... 3. Coverage should be as broad as possible Carbon pricing systems should cover as large a share of economy-wide GHG emissions as possible so market participants can identify the least costly ways of reducing emissions and to avoid policy privileging certain industries or sectors. In Canada, full and ...
... 3. Coverage should be as broad as possible Carbon pricing systems should cover as large a share of economy-wide GHG emissions as possible so market participants can identify the least costly ways of reducing emissions and to avoid policy privileging certain industries or sectors. In Canada, full and ...
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy
... Issues. One of the major issues that affected the EU ETS in its first stages was the overallocation of emissions credits, due to a variety of factors. First, the cap on emissions did not really force producers to change their production processes to reduce emissions, as it was not set low enough. Th ...
... Issues. One of the major issues that affected the EU ETS in its first stages was the overallocation of emissions credits, due to a variety of factors. First, the cap on emissions did not really force producers to change their production processes to reduce emissions, as it was not set low enough. Th ...
After Kyoto: A Global Scramble for Advantage
... 1990 the Annex I countries, with the United States leading, produced roughly 64 percent of all greenhouse gases, which then totaled 6 billion tons annually.3 The developing countries, led by China, produced the remaining 36 percent. Forecasts of emissions for the year 2015 place total emissions at 8 ...
... 1990 the Annex I countries, with the United States leading, produced roughly 64 percent of all greenhouse gases, which then totaled 6 billion tons annually.3 The developing countries, led by China, produced the remaining 36 percent. Forecasts of emissions for the year 2015 place total emissions at 8 ...
Scottish Government specification for CCC advice on the Scottish
... The current Act does not allow for any modification of the 2050 target. The Act allows for the amendment, by order, of the interim 2020 target – provided that this is made more ambitious. The Act allows for the amendment, by order, of annual targets – provided that the advice of the CCC is sought an ...
... The current Act does not allow for any modification of the 2050 target. The Act allows for the amendment, by order, of the interim 2020 target – provided that this is made more ambitious. The Act allows for the amendment, by order, of annual targets – provided that the advice of the CCC is sought an ...
PPT - Global Carbon Project
... Clare Enright (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom) Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Exeter, United Kingdom) Chris Huntingford (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), United Kingdom) Atul Jain (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Univer ...
... Clare Enright (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom) Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Exeter, United Kingdom) Chris Huntingford (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), United Kingdom) Atul Jain (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Univer ...
PowerPoint-presentation
... Basic principles (1): • All countries should participate • No poor country shall be denied its right to economic ...
... Basic principles (1): • All countries should participate • No poor country shall be denied its right to economic ...
Constructing Carbon Market Spacetime: Climate change and the
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
DRAFT Concept paper annotated outline EC
... emission reduction opportunities, and provides nations with timely and quantified guidance on progress towards their emission reduction strategies and pledges (e.g., NDCs). This Concept Paper describes a strategic progression of confidence-building steps of near-, mid-, and long-term objectives and ...
... emission reduction opportunities, and provides nations with timely and quantified guidance on progress towards their emission reduction strategies and pledges (e.g., NDCs). This Concept Paper describes a strategic progression of confidence-building steps of near-, mid-, and long-term objectives and ...
Common Misconceptions in the Climate Change Debate
... that of Australia. It was summarised by a Norwegian delegate: Parties should take their share of the burden in proportion to their relative contribution to the climate change problem. Those who currently emit more than their fair share should thus contribute more. Also, Parties that have greater cap ...
... that of Australia. It was summarised by a Norwegian delegate: Parties should take their share of the burden in proportion to their relative contribution to the climate change problem. Those who currently emit more than their fair share should thus contribute more. Also, Parties that have greater cap ...
FACT SHEET Carbon pricing Key points
... Interaction of carbon taxes and a cap-and-trade scheme is also worth noting. The European Union set up a regional-based cap-and trade scheme (EU Emissions Trading System, or EU ETS) but carbon and energy taxes are applied with different schemes and designs at the national levels.16 As of 2012, Austr ...
... Interaction of carbon taxes and a cap-and-trade scheme is also worth noting. The European Union set up a regional-based cap-and trade scheme (EU Emissions Trading System, or EU ETS) but carbon and energy taxes are applied with different schemes and designs at the national levels.16 As of 2012, Austr ...
Gains from (Cap and) Trade
... auction, inter-firm trading and carbon offsets. An emission allowance is equal to 1 metric ton of CO2 equivalent, and the most recent price floors in Quebec and California are reported at CAD $11.393 and US $11.484 per allowance, respectively.5 Under WCI rules, governments can freely distribute allo ...
... auction, inter-firm trading and carbon offsets. An emission allowance is equal to 1 metric ton of CO2 equivalent, and the most recent price floors in Quebec and California are reported at CAD $11.393 and US $11.484 per allowance, respectively.5 Under WCI rules, governments can freely distribute allo ...
Range of reductions for Annex 1
... • To avoid some of the most extreme impacts of climate change, increase in global mean temperature needs to be limited to no more than 2 – 3 deg C • This requires stabilisation below about 560 ppm CO2e ...
... • To avoid some of the most extreme impacts of climate change, increase in global mean temperature needs to be limited to no more than 2 – 3 deg C • This requires stabilisation below about 560 ppm CO2e ...