full paper - Brookings Institution
... Second, all contributions to, and interest and dividend earnings on, private pensions and 401(k)s are included in personal saving. Employee contributions to pensions and 401(k)s are included as part of wage and salary disbursements. Employer contributions are counted as part of other labor income, a ...
... Second, all contributions to, and interest and dividend earnings on, private pensions and 401(k)s are included in personal saving. Employee contributions to pensions and 401(k)s are included as part of wage and salary disbursements. Employer contributions are counted as part of other labor income, a ...
No. 20 - Beyond the Austerity Dispute: New Priorities for Fiscal Policy
... This volume brings together the papers presented at the Banca d’Italia workshop held in Perugia from 9 to 11 April 2015. In Europe, the euro-area sovereign debt crisis had spurred the implementation of structural reforms as well as fiscal consolidation efforts in several Member states. Sovereign bon ...
... This volume brings together the papers presented at the Banca d’Italia workshop held in Perugia from 9 to 11 April 2015. In Europe, the euro-area sovereign debt crisis had spurred the implementation of structural reforms as well as fiscal consolidation efforts in several Member states. Sovereign bon ...
Henrike Michaelis und Sebastian Watzka: Are there Differences in
... This is in contrast to the responses under the ZIRP and the first QE program. During these periods only an initial significant effect is observed. Regarding GDP, we estimate again a significant impact during the time of the ‘Abenomics’ strategy, whereas during the ZIRP and the first QE program no si ...
... This is in contrast to the responses under the ZIRP and the first QE program. During these periods only an initial significant effect is observed. Regarding GDP, we estimate again a significant impact during the time of the ‘Abenomics’ strategy, whereas during the ZIRP and the first QE program no si ...
OECD Economic Surveys JAPAN
... early stage of development and the small and medium-sized enterprise sector is lagging. The top fiscal priority is reducing government debt. With a primary deficit of nearly 7% of GDP in 2014, public debt remains on an upward path. The impact of the high debt is mitigated by low long-term interest r ...
... early stage of development and the small and medium-sized enterprise sector is lagging. The top fiscal priority is reducing government debt. With a primary deficit of nearly 7% of GDP in 2014, public debt remains on an upward path. The impact of the high debt is mitigated by low long-term interest r ...
Do Required Minimum Distributions Matter? The
... making the withdrawal from the tax-qualified account, and investing the proceeds in a taxable account. For those who do not consume the full value of their distributions, RMDs therefore operate as a constraint on the fraction of their wealth that can be held in tax-qualified accounts, rather than as ...
... making the withdrawal from the tax-qualified account, and investing the proceeds in a taxable account. For those who do not consume the full value of their distributions, RMDs therefore operate as a constraint on the fraction of their wealth that can be held in tax-qualified accounts, rather than as ...
879_Paula Lopez Paper
... Speci…cally, as early as 1965, Yaari demonstrated that risk aversion would be su¢ cient to induce a household to buy an actuarially fair annuity as protection against life expectancy risk. Yet, despite this early strong theoretical result, annuity demand remains very low in the data,1 what is known ...
... Speci…cally, as early as 1965, Yaari demonstrated that risk aversion would be su¢ cient to induce a household to buy an actuarially fair annuity as protection against life expectancy risk. Yet, despite this early strong theoretical result, annuity demand remains very low in the data,1 what is known ...
Micro-simulation analysis of social protection interventions in Pacific
... These categorical benefits, while not explicitly targeting the poor, reach poor households proportionally more than the representation of poor households in the population. This is particularly true for Samoa, because households with young children are poorer than average. Overall, the least expensi ...
... These categorical benefits, while not explicitly targeting the poor, reach poor households proportionally more than the representation of poor households in the population. This is particularly true for Samoa, because households with young children are poorer than average. Overall, the least expensi ...
Unpublished Appendix to Systemic Crises and Growth (May 2007)
... average growth rate in non-crisis years: gn = 1:43 percent with a standard deviation Third, we consider a drop from a boom (gn + 2 In our benchmark simulation, we set ...
... average growth rate in non-crisis years: gn = 1:43 percent with a standard deviation Third, we consider a drop from a boom (gn + 2 In our benchmark simulation, we set ...
Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 8e
... 31) When the expected inflation rate increases, the demand for bonds ________, the supply of bonds ________, and the interest rate ________, everything else held constant. A) increases; increases; rises B) decreases; decreases; falls C) increases; decreases; falls D) decreases; increases; rises Answ ...
... 31) When the expected inflation rate increases, the demand for bonds ________, the supply of bonds ________, and the interest rate ________, everything else held constant. A) increases; increases; rises B) decreases; decreases; falls C) increases; decreases; falls D) decreases; increases; rises Answ ...
On the Relationship Between Government Spending Multiplier and
... the multiplier and welfare, it does not take into account heterogeneity and market incompleteness. Both features are realistic and have been found relevant by previous literature5 . Redistributive issues are also an important part of the recent policy discussion, as austerity measures in Europe and ...
... the multiplier and welfare, it does not take into account heterogeneity and market incompleteness. Both features are realistic and have been found relevant by previous literature5 . Redistributive issues are also an important part of the recent policy discussion, as austerity measures in Europe and ...
Summary Prospectus
... time and price. Repurchase agreements are primarily used by the Fund as a short-term investment vehicle for cash positions. ProShare Advisors uses a mathematical approach to investing. Using this approach, ProShare Advisors determines the type, quantity and mix of investment positions that the Fund ...
... time and price. Repurchase agreements are primarily used by the Fund as a short-term investment vehicle for cash positions. ProShare Advisors uses a mathematical approach to investing. Using this approach, ProShare Advisors determines the type, quantity and mix of investment positions that the Fund ...
Exchange rate valuation and its impact on the real economy
... key focus of macroeconomic policy discussions in New Zealand in recent years. There has been considerable debate about the causes of the appreciation of the real exchange rate and the extent to which it reflects either changes in New Zealand’s macroeconomic fundamentals relative to our trading partn ...
... key focus of macroeconomic policy discussions in New Zealand in recent years. There has been considerable debate about the causes of the appreciation of the real exchange rate and the extent to which it reflects either changes in New Zealand’s macroeconomic fundamentals relative to our trading partn ...
FLOWERS FOODS INC (Form: 10-K, Received: 02
... Statements contained in this filing and certain other written or oral statements made from time to time by the company and its representatives that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements r ...
... Statements contained in this filing and certain other written or oral statements made from time to time by the company and its representatives that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements r ...
Savings Working Group - New Zealand Treasury
... We are delighted to complete this Report for you. In the time available it required an intense effort and I thank everyone who contributed to it, in particular, the members of this Group and its secretariat. The Report presents well-considered, robust and, where necessary, pragmatic views on economi ...
... We are delighted to complete this Report for you. In the time available it required an intense effort and I thank everyone who contributed to it, in particular, the members of this Group and its secretariat. The Report presents well-considered, robust and, where necessary, pragmatic views on economi ...
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDITEX
... The main characteristic of its business strategy is the efficient and accurate management of manufacturing and distribution. On the other side, the clients perceive the product as trendy, modern and up-to-date. This means that Inditex can combine a cost capability and a differentiation approach that ...
... The main characteristic of its business strategy is the efficient and accurate management of manufacturing and distribution. On the other side, the clients perceive the product as trendy, modern and up-to-date. This means that Inditex can combine a cost capability and a differentiation approach that ...
Reforming Major Interest Rate Benchmarks
... The major interest reference rates (such as LIBOR, EURIBOR, and TIBOR) are widely used in the global financial system as benchmarks for a large volume and broad range of financial products and contracts. The cases of attempted market manipulation and false reporting of global reference rates, togeth ...
... The major interest reference rates (such as LIBOR, EURIBOR, and TIBOR) are widely used in the global financial system as benchmarks for a large volume and broad range of financial products and contracts. The cases of attempted market manipulation and false reporting of global reference rates, togeth ...
Two Essays on Adverse Selection in Annuity Markets
... in practice people tend not to invest much of their financial wealth in annuity markets. Several explanations for this puzzle have been given in the literature. First of all, individuals may have a bequest motive, in that they wish to leave an inheritance to those they leave behind. If so, they will ...
... in practice people tend not to invest much of their financial wealth in annuity markets. Several explanations for this puzzle have been given in the literature. First of all, individuals may have a bequest motive, in that they wish to leave an inheritance to those they leave behind. If so, they will ...
Essays on Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries and Microstates Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
... under explored area in the literature. The few existing studies, though an important first step in fulfilling this existing gap, remain open to many criticisms on the basis of methodological and analytical grounds. This thesis is an attempt to address three important areas in the literature on fisca ...
... under explored area in the literature. The few existing studies, though an important first step in fulfilling this existing gap, remain open to many criticisms on the basis of methodological and analytical grounds. This thesis is an attempt to address three important areas in the literature on fisca ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY
... We consider a small open economy populated by successive overlapping generations of twoperiod lived entrepreneurs and workers. The economy produces a single good identical to the world good. One half of the individuals are selected to become entrepreneurs, while the other half become workers. Indivi ...
... We consider a small open economy populated by successive overlapping generations of twoperiod lived entrepreneurs and workers. The economy produces a single good identical to the world good. One half of the individuals are selected to become entrepreneurs, while the other half become workers. Indivi ...
Jayne Elizabeth Zanglein - The Texas Tech University School of
... consideration of collateral benefits, such as those offered by a 'socially responsib~e' fund, in a fiduciary's evaluation of a particular investment opportunity. ,>37 The Department continued: "However, the existence of such collateral benefits may be decisive only if the fiduciary determines that t ...
... consideration of collateral benefits, such as those offered by a 'socially responsib~e' fund, in a fiduciary's evaluation of a particular investment opportunity. ,>37 The Department continued: "However, the existence of such collateral benefits may be decisive only if the fiduciary determines that t ...
liberty high yield fund
... Each of the interest rate securities acquired by the Fund will be purchased by the Responsible Entity at market value. Where the Fund acquires interest rate securities from a related party of the Responsible Entity (Related Party Issuers), the Responsible Entity will assess the market value of the a ...
... Each of the interest rate securities acquired by the Fund will be purchased by the Responsible Entity at market value. Where the Fund acquires interest rate securities from a related party of the Responsible Entity (Related Party Issuers), the Responsible Entity will assess the market value of the a ...
Chapter 29 AS-AD and the Business Cycle
... 2) Explain how changes in foreign income can impact real GDP in a country. Answer: Changes in the income of any nation impact the level of exports and imports of all other nations trading with it. For example, in the United States aggregate demand increases if the income of our trading partners, suc ...
... 2) Explain how changes in foreign income can impact real GDP in a country. Answer: Changes in the income of any nation impact the level of exports and imports of all other nations trading with it. For example, in the United States aggregate demand increases if the income of our trading partners, suc ...
International Reserves: Precautionary vs. Mercantilist Views, Theory
... adjustable-peg or managed-floating exchange rate regime (Frenkel, 1983; Edwards, 1983); and see Flood and Marion, 2001, for a literature review). To our knowledge, our paper is the first econometric attempt to evaluate the relevance of the mercantilist approach in the aftermath of the 1997 crisis (s ...
... adjustable-peg or managed-floating exchange rate regime (Frenkel, 1983; Edwards, 1983); and see Flood and Marion, 2001, for a literature review). To our knowledge, our paper is the first econometric attempt to evaluate the relevance of the mercantilist approach in the aftermath of the 1997 crisis (s ...
Saving Transitions - Harvard Kennedy School
... high growth and the policies that enable it. High-growth countries share many other characteristics besides high saving and investment: they tend to have lower inflation rates, smaller budget deficits, better human resources, lower current account deficits, and higher shares of trade in GDP (see Tab ...
... high growth and the policies that enable it. High-growth countries share many other characteristics besides high saving and investment: they tend to have lower inflation rates, smaller budget deficits, better human resources, lower current account deficits, and higher shares of trade in GDP (see Tab ...
C Forecast of macroeconomic indicators
... Impacts of the mentioned measures are calculated under ESA 95 methodology. From this reason, they may differ from actual claims to public financing. E.g. an increase in CEB capital will take the assumed CZK 2bn but in ESA 95 it is a financial operation having no impact on the balance, because one fi ...
... Impacts of the mentioned measures are calculated under ESA 95 methodology. From this reason, they may differ from actual claims to public financing. E.g. an increase in CEB capital will take the assumed CZK 2bn but in ESA 95 it is a financial operation having no impact on the balance, because one fi ...