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MAII Public Economics Title English.p65
MAII Public Economics Title English.p65

... It is duty of the Government to protest people from exploitation. The government has to look into social problem and sort out the solution to procure social justice. Thus government plays an important role in the economy with reference to law and order. (c) ...
Download
Download

... The overall conclusion is that, following the expansion in 2009 in line with the EERP, the budgetary stance turns restrictive in 2010 and 2011 and more significantly so in 2012. At face value, this should lead to a correction of the excessive deficit by 2012, in line with the recommendation of 2 Dec ...
Economic Bulletin - May 2017
Economic Bulletin - May 2017

... tural primary balance (0.3 p.p.). The improvement ...
OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2016
OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2016

... Better Life Index (BLI) reflects the great diversity of the Israeli population . . . Monetary policy indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial indicators, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Transmission of Monetary Policy Impulses on Bank
Transmission of Monetary Policy Impulses on Bank

... transfer their stance into the real economy: the policy interest rates and the monetary base. The transmission of interest rate channel is broadly divided into two stages. The first stage is the interest rate pass-through from central bank tools to retail interest rates. The retail interest rates ar ...
Calculator Output
Calculator Output

... (a) The face amount is the amount that will be repaid at maturity. The carrying value is the balance in the bonds payable account at any point in time. For example a $100,000 bond that issues for $93,205 has a face value of $100,000 and a carrying value of $93,205 on the date of issue. The carrying ...
Document
Document

... The consumption function has shifted upward over time because economic growth has created greater wealth and higher expected future income. The assumed MPC in the figure is 0.9. ...
Chap 29
Chap 29

... The consumption function has shifted upward over time because economic growth has created greater wealth and higher expected future income. The assumed MPC in the figure is 0.9. ...
What is the Risk of European Sovereign Debt Defaults? Fiscal
What is the Risk of European Sovereign Debt Defaults? Fiscal

... equations.6 In addition, all of the coefficients on the 2008-10 year dummy variables are economically large and statistically significant. Controlling for other factors, sovereign spreads in 2008 jumped by 70-84 percent over the maturity spectrum relative to average rates over the 2003-10 period. Sp ...
Real GDP with a Fixed Price Level
Real GDP with a Fixed Price Level

... The consumption function has shifted upward over time because economic growth has created greater wealth and higher expected future income. The assumed MPC in the figure is 0.9. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OVERBORROWING, FINANCIAL CRISES AND 'MACRO-PRUDENTIAL' TAXES Javier Bianchi
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OVERBORROWING, FINANCIAL CRISES AND 'MACRO-PRUDENTIAL' TAXES Javier Bianchi

... where bt denotes holdings of one-period, non-state-contingent discount bonds at the beginning of date t, qt is the market price of land, Rt is the real interest rate, kt are individual land holdings, f (kt , nt ) is a constant-returns-to-scale production function, and εt is a productivity shock whic ...
Citigroup ERISA Litigation
Citigroup ERISA Litigation

... An eligible individual account plan is a defined contribution plan that is “(i) a profit-sharing, stock bonus, thrift, or savings plan; (ii) an employee stock ownership plan; or (iii) a money purchase plan which . . . [is] invested primarily in qualifying employer securities.” 29 U.S.C. § 1107(d)(3) ...
Chapter 3. Will It Hurt?
Chapter 3. Will It Hurt?

... simultaneously across many countries, and if monetary policy is not in a position to offset them. Over the long term, reducing government debt is likely to raise output, as real interest rates decline and the lighter burden of interest payments permits cuts to distortionary taxes. ...
What is the weakest link for entrepreneurial activity in Burundi? ∗†
What is the weakest link for entrepreneurial activity in Burundi? ∗†

... Africa lagging behind the world frontier and Burundi lagging vis-à-vis Africa. Source: Authors' calculations based on Angus Maddison Dataset. (1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars). ...
Montenegro Development Directions 2015
Montenegro Development Directions 2015

... The implementation of Montenegro Development Directions 20132016 Montenegro Development Directions 2013-2016 have been implemented in the post-crisis period, with the negative external influences, but also the internal constraints i.e. vulnerabilities of fiscal, banking and real sectors of the econ ...
How to Read a Value Line Fund Advisor Report
How to Read a Value Line Fund Advisor Report

... lower multiples, because a failure to meet earnings expectations can sometimes result in sharp declines in the stock price. Stocks with lower multiples are generally known as value stocks and tend to be shares of more-stable companies in mature or slow-growing industries or companies that have falle ...
Melbourne Institute: Home
Melbourne Institute: Home

Unemployment dynamics and NAIRU estimates for Accession countries: a univariate approach
Unemployment dynamics and NAIRU estimates for Accession countries: a univariate approach

... possible speed limit/persistence e¤ects. This paper focuses on the short-term NAIRU which is potentially the most appropriate to help policymakers to assess in‡ationary developments in the short-term (Estrella and Mishkin (1998) and King (1999)). A second NAIRU concept is the medium-term one. This N ...
Regulatory Constraints on Leverage: The
Regulatory Constraints on Leverage: The

... continuously over a 10-year period starting in the early 1970s and reached a peak of 40 in 1980 (Chart 1). Individual institutions had ratios as high as 50 over that period. With the introduction of regulatory limits, aggregate leverage declined dramatically in 1983 to a more moderate rate of 25, an ...
See ANAdotstat for detailed information on the database
See ANAdotstat for detailed information on the database

... The measures available for these zones and transactions are indicated by an * in the section “4. Comparable data for countries”. Data at current prices reported by member countries are converted using current GDP PPPs or exchange rates. Zone aggregates at current prices and PPPs/exchange rates are c ...
Allocation of Policyholder Consideration in Mutual Life Insurance
Allocation of Policyholder Consideration in Mutual Life Insurance

... In the past decade, an increasing number of mutual life insurance companies have converted to stock life insurance companies, sometimes including the formation of a mutual holding company. Demutualizations present important actuarial issues, including the preservation of reasonable policyholder divi ...
Sweden`s Economy
Sweden`s Economy

... model, KOSMOS, and are contingent upon a number of assumptions being fulfilled. For the estimates of development in volume, the year 2001 has been used as the fixed base year. Mats Dillén, Director at the Ministry of Finance, is responsible for this appendix. The estimates contained in the appendix ...
Mehmet Fatih Ekinci University of Rochester Sebnem Kalemli
Mehmet Fatih Ekinci University of Rochester Sebnem Kalemli

... generated by the positive productivity shock multiplied by country’s share of foreign assets in total assets. This implies that positive productivity shocks lead to deficits in debtor countries and surpluses in creditor countries. Our model is consistent with this, though in our case debtor countrie ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL INTEGRATION WITHIN EU COUNTRIES:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL INTEGRATION WITHIN EU COUNTRIES:

... generated by the positive productivity shock multiplied by country’s share of foreign assets in total assets. This implies that positive productivity shocks lead to deficits in debtor countries and surpluses in creditor countries. Our model is consistent with this, though in our case debtor countrie ...
An Empirical Comparison of Interest and Growth Rates Munich Personal RePEc Archive
An Empirical Comparison of Interest and Growth Rates Munich Personal RePEc Archive

... The debt level of the United States of America (USA) is currently at over $17.6 trillion4, the highest it has ever been. Thinking back to what happened in Europe in the past years, this could be quite alarming. Taking advantage of the low interest rates to bring these numbers down seems like a sens ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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