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Improving portfolio efficiency with absolute
Improving portfolio efficiency with absolute

... In addition, as Figure 8 illustrates, during the shorter time period of December 31, 2008, through December 31, 2013, an investor who maintained a 60% equity and 40% fixed-income allocation would have generated an excess return of 12.12%, with annualized volatility of about 9.90%, resulting in a Sha ...
ALBANIA`S ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAMME 2016-2018
ALBANIA`S ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAMME 2016-2018

... energy market to diversification of energy sources (Gasification), upgrading and construction of Durres Port Infrastructure and the feasibility study for construction and upgrade of the AdriaticIonian Corridor. With a particular focus of connectivity and sector development, ERP 2016-2018 presents th ...
CBO Long-Term Budget Outlook March 2017
CBO Long-Term Budget Outlook March 2017

... federal debt held by the public is now at its highest level since the end of World War II. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the Congressional Budget Office projects, growing budget deficits would boost that debt sharply over the next 30 years. During that period, federal spending for re ...
12INFLATION*
12INFLATION*

... causes people to use resources (e.g., shoe leather) in order to spend their money more rapidly (by shopping more frequently). At still higher anticipated inflation rates, people incur costs by using alternatives for money to conduct transactions. ♦ Tax consequences — anticipated inflation reduces th ...
The regulatory framework for investment
The regulatory framework for investment

... All in all, the national regulatory regime for FDI in host and home countries is today very favorable to foreign investors – probably more favorable than at any time in history. In particular, the manufacturing and natural resources11 sectors are largely open to such investment, although the liberal ...
charitable gift annuities at the university of california
charitable gift annuities at the university of california

... Mrs. Goldstein, age 90, transfers appreciated securities worth $50,000 (several years ago they cost her $10,000) for a gift annuity that will pay her $4,750 per year. If she had sold the securities, she would have had a capital gain of $40,000. However, under IRS regulations, she will only need to r ...
Stock Price Predictability
Stock Price Predictability

... fixed over time. They find that market dividend/price ratios do not significantly predict future cash flow growth rates. Cochrane (2006) uses this result to re-evaluate the empirical evidence for stock return predictability using dividend/price ratios. He essentially argues that if you know that the ...
Equilibrium Cross-Section of Returns
Equilibrium Cross-Section of Returns

... Our theoretical approach builds on the work of Berk, Green, and Naik (1999) who construct a partial equilibrium model also based on the ideas of time-varying risks to explain cross-sectional variations of stock returns. However, our work differs along several important dimensions. First, ours is a si ...
© 2008 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. No
© 2008 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. No

... path. Indeed, 84 percent of workers older than age 45 plan on continuing to work “even if they are set for life.” Boomers will remain taxpayers and part of the active economy far longer than most economists assume. It is likely that millions of boomers will be income-producing assets, not liabilitie ...
2012 IOptimal Policy and the Sectoral Composition of Output
2012 IOptimal Policy and the Sectoral Composition of Output

... COMPOSITION OF OUTPUT IN A NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL ...
Mobilizing Private Capital for Public Good: Priorities for Canada
Mobilizing Private Capital for Public Good: Priorities for Canada

... The Immigrant Access Fund (IAF) was launched in Alberta in 2005. It provides micro-loans of up to $10,000 to immigrants who face barriers to accessing mainstream credit, for example, because they are unemployed, have no credit history, or lack collateral. These loans can be used to finance licensing ...
portable document (.pdf) format
portable document (.pdf) format

... causing capital investment outflows i.e. Investors will seek better returns in other countries, and this results in an increase in the real ex ...
View - FASB
View - FASB

... including credit risk. However, for the purpose of this paper the narrower definition focusing only on interest rate risk is used. This is also more in keeping with the origin of the term in the aftermath of the S&L crisis. ...
Optimal Time-Consistent Macroprudential Policy
Optimal Time-Consistent Macroprudential Policy

... financial crisis driven by a nonlinear feedback loop between asset fire sales and borrowing ability. In this setup, the pecuniary externality of the credit constraint appears as a wedge between the marginal costs and benefits of borrowing considered by individual agents and those faced by the regula ...
WHEN A LIFE INSURANCE POLICY`S DEATH BENEFIT IS NO
WHEN A LIFE INSURANCE POLICY`S DEATH BENEFIT IS NO

intermediate-financial-management-10th-edition
intermediate-financial-management-10th-edition

... repeating too much of the intro course. Therefore, we just discuss the questions, including the model for Question 6. Before the class, we tell our students that the chapter is a review and that we will call on them to discuss the BOC questions in class. We expect students to be able to give short, ...
Output Response to Government Spending: Evidence from New International Military Spending Data
Output Response to Government Spending: Evidence from New International Military Spending Data

... employment of a magnitude unseen since the early 1930s’ Great Depression. During this episode, policymakers found themselves in an environment that required an immediate, bold response and that was poorly explained by the dominant economic theories of the time. Fiscal policy, among other measures, w ...
Financing Infrastructure - Inter
Financing Infrastructure - Inter

... and bad. Higher fiscal balances can be invested or not, depending, among other factors, on whether the improvement is perceived as permanent or transitory. Even when improvements last more than two or three years, the additional savings may not be invested. Bolivia, for example, experienced a dramat ...
a century of stock market liquidity and trading
a century of stock market liquidity and trading

... Since the proportional commission depends only on the share price, it is possible to estimate the weighted average commission rate during the fixed commission regime by looking only at the cross-sectional distribution of share prices and the total volume of trade. Other than ignoring odd lot transac ...
The Challenge of Restoring Debt Sustainability in a Deep Economic Recession: The case of Greece
The Challenge of Restoring Debt Sustainability in a Deep Economic Recession: The case of Greece

... households spend a significant portion of the windfall (e.g. wage increase or increased government purchases of goods and services) to increase current spending; (iii) domestic economic conditions are recessionary and the economy is far from its full employment equilibrium; if such conditions preva ...
Determinants of capital budgeting methods and hurdle
Determinants of capital budgeting methods and hurdle

... Poterba and Summers (1995) suggest that managers may set hurdle rates above the required returns to correct for overly optimistic cash flow projections for projects they are asked to consider. For project managers, suggesting the projects for top managers, to want to push their projects in such a way ...
Unemployed
Unemployed

... wanted to work, were actively looking & were able to start. It ignores those people working part-time who would have preferred more hours – the underemployed. Discouraged workers are also omitted – those that have been discouraged by previous unsuccessful job searches & have stopped looking but woul ...
BNR ECONOMIC REVIEW Vol. 9
BNR ECONOMIC REVIEW Vol. 9

... financial sector, the interest rate pass-through is still incomplete at low levels in all countries but varies within a country and evolves with time. The paper offers a framework for policy makers’ discussions on key issues to address before 2018. In view of the current exchange rate depreciation a ...
The impact of policy change announcements by the - UvA-DARE
The impact of policy change announcements by the - UvA-DARE

... uncertainty concerning future returns. The reason is that, compared to the old policy, investors know less about the impact of the new one. Because of this higher uncertainty – to which Pastor and Veronesi refer to as impact uncertainty - the discount rates increase as well. In the end, a new polic ...
COMPREhENSivE ANNUAl FiNANciAl REPORt
COMPREhENSivE ANNUAl FiNANciAl REPORt

... also legally separate, is presented separately in the statements. Additional information regarding these component units can be found in the notes to the financial statements (See Note #1). The Township also participates in a joint venture with the Western Township Utilities Authority. Canton Townsh ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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