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The Root Beer Game Debrief
The Root Beer Game Debrief

... The natural rate in France and Germany is around 8–10%. Why? • Some economists attribute the difference to more generous unemployment benefits in European countries – In the U.S. unemployment benefits last for 6 months – Unemployment benefits in some European countries are indefinite – The generous ...
Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics

... Tradeoff between inflation and unemployment: To reduce inflation, government can enact policy to reduce aggregate demand. But with less spending in the economy, output is expected to drop and unemployment is expected to rise. To reduce unemployment and increase output, government can enact policy to ...
Business Cycle and Unemployment (Student Version)
Business Cycle and Unemployment (Student Version)

... The natural rate in France and Germany is around 8–10%. Why? • Some economists attribute the difference to more generous unemployment benefits in European countries – In the U.S. unemployment benefits last for 6 months – Unemployment benefits in some European countries are indefinite – The generous ...
54 Determinants of exchange rate of Indian rupee against us dollar
54 Determinants of exchange rate of Indian rupee against us dollar

... investment inflows, Net purchase/sales of USD by RBI, Interest rate differential, GDP at factor cost are stationary at 1 per cent level of significance and exchange rate of rupee against dollar, current account, Inflation rate differential are stationary at 5 per cent level of significance. A brief ...
A Theoretical Model of ‘Riskless Capitalism’ Rohit and Prasenjit Bose
A Theoretical Model of ‘Riskless Capitalism’ Rohit and Prasenjit Bose

... On the higher side, it increases till it hits the credit contraint (δmax ) beyond which it can’t increase. In case defaults start rising and the ex post realisation of capitalists’ collateral is lesser than its ex ante value, banks find their balance sheets becoming vulnerable (reflected in rising N ...
Development Diagnostics for the Southern Cone - Inter
Development Diagnostics for the Southern Cone - Inter

... Ideally, an investment planner would be interested in knowing the contribution to economic and social development of investing $1 in each of the possible projects. Computing those values, however, would present a number of difficulties. In the first place, the calculation would require the ability ...
A Cointegration Approach to Estimate Private Investment Demand
A Cointegration Approach to Estimate Private Investment Demand

... Heim (2008) attempted to identify the factors of investment demand in the U.S. The author used stepwise linear regression for the analysis. The determinants of the investment demand have been identified in the study. The study found crowd out problems caused by budget deficits, depreciation allowanc ...
(Spillover) Effects of Labour Market Reforms in Germany and France
(Spillover) Effects of Labour Market Reforms in Germany and France

... In this equation, s1 is the constant job separation rate for employed workers which is exogenously given and φ1t the probability of finding a job when being unemployed. Thus, φ1t (1 − N1t ) is the number of successful matches which result in hirings H1t . The number of unemployed agents in country 1 ...
The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State
The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State

... since a given tax rate will effect more redistribution from rich to poor the less equally income is distributed. Evidence on the importance of demographic heterogeneity is frequently found in the relatively slow development of social insurance in the U.S. By 1935, when the Social Security Act was pa ...
Chapter 1 - How will Australia change over next 40
Chapter 1 - How will Australia change over next 40

... This report assumes that life expectancy continues to improve over the projection period, reflecting recent trends. The projections, however, cannot take into account all of the improvements in life expectancy that might happen over the next 40 years. A projection of life expectancy for 2015 made in ...
Inflation
Inflation

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Fiscal Policy in Kenya Looking Toward the Medium
Fiscal Policy in Kenya Looking Toward the Medium

... corruption for 2008.4 Prioritizing and effectively carrying out the necessary institutional reforms, while not requiring substantial fiscal resources, may still prove costly and difficult in political economy terms. More important, it may play a critical role in determining whether Kenya can meet it ...
rtv srbije
rtv srbije

... Although, in principle, the medium-term plan sets good goals in terms of deficit reduction in general, the measures to achieve this are unbalanced and, therefore, uncredible enough. The Fiscal Strategy stipulated the reduction of the state deficit (including off-budget financial transactions) in 201 ...
30/01/15(9270w+1787=11057+225)
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... Latin America increased sharply. The Chilean authorities reacted with countercyclical measures consistent with their objective of developing exports with value-added and maintaining equilibrium of the real economy with a non-outlier real exchange rate and a level of aggregate demand consistent with ...
Money and Prices
Money and Prices

... An unexpected increase in the money supply growth will increase the available liquidity. This will lead to increased demand for bonds and reduced interest rates. An unexpected decrease in the money supply will reduce available liquidity, causing sales of bonds and upward pressure on interest rates. ...
The financial crisis and sizable international reserves
The financial crisis and sizable international reserves

... countries reached within 7 months a markedly declining rate of IR depletion, and lost not more than one-third of their pre crisis IR. In contrast, in case of countries that refrained from a sizable depletion of IR during the first crisis phase, financial factors seem more important than trade factor ...
Fund Categories and Basis of Accounting
Fund Categories and Basis of Accounting

... interest and principal on general obligation long-term debt. Debt services fund should be used when legally mandate or when financial resources are being accumulated for principal and interest that came due in future year. Debt service fund resources come most often from transfer from the General Fu ...
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Real interest rate
Real interest rate

...  Creditors (Lenders) Lose: Net creditors are individuals or businesses that have more savings than debt. A net creditor receives interest and, therefore, receives a reduced real interest return when there is unanticipated inflation.  Debtors (borrowers) Win: Net debtors are individuals or business ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Are There Limits to Growth? • Yes, because at some point the capital stock becomes so large that all of the economy’s saving is devoted to equipping new workers at the existing capital–labour ratio, and to replacing that part of the capital stock which wears out, rather than to increasing the stock ...
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Franklin Bissett Core Plus Bond Fund

... 7. Province of New Brunswick, 4.65%, 9/26/2035 8. Province of New Brunswick, 5.50%, 1/27/2034 9. U.S. Treasury Bond, 2.50%, 5/15/2046 10. City of Toronto Canada, 3.80%, 12/13/2042 Total percentage of top 10 Investments Total number of investments ...
EANGUS MEMORIAL BUILDING FUND CONTRIBUTION
EANGUS MEMORIAL BUILDING FUND CONTRIBUTION

... 2. Pen/Pencil set with EANGUS name on it 3. Plaque- a wooden plaque with EANGUS logo. The engraved plate should contain the contributor and date, engraved with silver, gold, platinum contribution. 4. Plaque- a marble plaque with EANGUS logo. The engraved plate should contain the contributor and date ...
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Word 8.0 Generic Normal Template, rev. 4/1/97, The Legal MacPac

... Benefits to Minors. If any benefits become exercisable or payable under this designation to a person who is a minor, such benefits will be deemed assigned to a custodian for such minor (without bond) appointed by the Administrator under the Uniform Transfers (or Gifts) to Minors Act in effect in the ...
Sterilization of Capital Inflows and Balance of Payments
Sterilization of Capital Inflows and Balance of Payments

... 1- By selling bonds in the domestic market the central bank prevents the domestic interest rate to converge to the international one (Reinhart and Reinhart, 1998), inducing more capital inflows and exacerbating the initial problem. 2- The low maturity of bonds typically used to sterilize increases ...
Brazil
Brazil

... Slowdown of Economic Activity and Low Inflation Lead to Cuts in Interest Rates ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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