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DRAFT Investment Policy Jan 22 2016(word doc)
DRAFT Investment Policy Jan 22 2016(word doc)

... attaining market yields. The District will diversify its investments by security type and institution, especially when there is no decrease in yield. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 53601(i) certificates of deposit invested outside of an authorized pool shall not exceed thirty percent ...
Intersectoral resource allocation
Intersectoral resource allocation

... as reflecting better the government effort. However, Domestic resources should balance the shifts of project aid between sectors Switches from project aid to budget support must be ...
world public debt and real interest rates
world public debt and real interest rates

... relative to levels that prevailed in earlier decades. There is concern that this may reflect higher public debt, which is crowding out private-sector activity. There has also been increasing international capital market integration, implying that interest rates in any country may be sensitive to glo ...
Government Debt, Entitlements, and the Economy 1 Introduction 2
Government Debt, Entitlements, and the Economy 1 Introduction 2

... A good place to start is with the debt histories of the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We have very long time series for those four countries, and over the available sample periods none of those countries has defaulted on their national debt. Several major features o ...
The case for fiscal policy
The case for fiscal policy

... necessary to keep spending down to prevent inflation. The interest can be paid by borrowing still more" (p. 356). Lerner (1943) summarized the answers to arguments against deficit spending by saying that the national debt does not have to keep on increasing, and that even if it does the interest doe ...
Chapter - Finance
Chapter - Finance

... The effective use of financial ratio analysis requires some experience and effort. There are some basic approaches to financial ratio analysis, some basic interrelationships among ratios, and sources of information that can enhance the analyst’s effectiveness. Two common types of ratio analysis are, ...
Capital Markets
Capital Markets

... Suppose that you pay $95 today for a bond that will pay out $100 in one year. Your nominal return would be 1 year ...
The paper aims at explaining why Brazil`s GDP growth
The paper aims at explaining why Brazil`s GDP growth

... from the statist ISI model that prevailed under the military. But a lax fiscal stance and excessive reliance on a dollar anchor (which required the support of high real interest rates) crowded out exports and private investment, thus preventing a sustained economic recovery from taking place. A more ...
The CBR Macro-Economic Model of the UK Economy
The CBR Macro-Economic Model of the UK Economy

... UKMOD is an econometric (or structural) model. It describes how sets of exogenous variables (i.e. determined outside the model, such as world trade or the oil price), policy instruments and economic shocks, determine a set of endogenous variables (e.g. GDP or price inflation). It provides a formal r ...
Year-Long Expense Budget Plan
Year-Long Expense Budget Plan

... 1. The frequency budget from p. 694 states that Dave and Joan have an annual surplus of $1,284. How does this relate to the monthly positive cash flow from p. 691? 2. In Example 5, what would Liam’s net worth be if the current value of his condo increased by 10%, he paid down his student loan $5,000 ...
EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary i Chapter 1
EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary i Chapter 1

... areas of less developed Member States ........................................................... 88 Very low work intensity in more developed MS is concentrated in cities ................................................................................................................. 90 Higher urba ...
Outsourcing: Past, Present and Future
Outsourcing: Past, Present and Future

... • even a technologically inferior country can benefit from free trade • conversely, a developed country can compete against some low foreign wage countries Thus, even though Indian workers may not be as productive or highly paid as U.S. workers, they can still compete with them for certain services; ...
The challenges for monetary policy
The challenges for monetary policy

... PCE price index was well below its 2% reference value, as had been the case since May 2012. Moreover, headline inflation was close to 0%, unlike the situation observed in previous monetary policy normalisation cycles. This was mainly as a result of the drop in oil prices since mid-2014. In this cont ...
Table of Contents - Land O`Lakes Inc.
Table of Contents - Land O`Lakes Inc.

... LTD to Capital (as a percent) ...
IPE4 (vnd.ms-powerpoint, it, 481 KB, 4/19/11)
IPE4 (vnd.ms-powerpoint, it, 481 KB, 4/19/11)

... not allow the forces of supply and demand to determine the exchange rate. • Instead, the government fixes the exchange rate at what it believes is the "right" rate, and the central bank, armed with a stockpile of foreign exchange reserves, stands ready to buy or sell foreign currency at that rate. • ...
IS-LM and AD-AS model
IS-LM and AD-AS model

... There was a big deflation: P fell 25% 1929-33. A sudden fall in expected inflation means the ex-ante real interest rate rises for any given nominal rate (i) ex ante real interest rate = i – e ...
Assume that you recently graduated with a major in
Assume that you recently graduated with a major in

... portfolio, while rp (the portfolio’s return) remains constant. Thus, by adding stocks to your portfolio, which initially started as a 1-stock portfolio, risk has been reduced. In the real world, stocks are positively correlated with one another--if the economy does well, so do stocks in general, and ...
The impact of demographic change on labour supply and economic
The impact of demographic change on labour supply and economic

... Figure 1 presents the main results, showing the contribution of each factor to average annual changes in real GDP.8 Between 1990 and 2015, the Chinese, Vietnamese, and Singaporean economies grew fastest, at between 6% and 10% per annum; those of Russia, Japan, and Brunei grew slowest, at below 1.5%. ...
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... EQUAL THE GOVERNMENT PURCHASES MULTIPLIER? : The fact that the investment multiplier equals the government purchases multiplier occasionally leads to confusion among students who realize that an increase in investment spending will increase the nation’s capital stock, but that an increase in governm ...
Kalim
Kalim

... shows that an increase in real interest rates and the relative prices of imported capital goods during the 1980s reduced investment, but higher growth in capacity utilisation and increasing exports overcame the exacerbating impacts and resulted in positive growth of 6834 million rupees in private in ...
Is There a Role for Discretionary Fiscal Policy?
Is There a Role for Discretionary Fiscal Policy?

... fiscal policy. First, there may be changes occurring over time that have nothing to do with policy actions. For example, increasing dispersion of the income distribution, as occurred during the 1980s and 1990s, led to increased tax revenues through the progressivity of the individual income tax. To ...
Population and Labour Force Scenarios for the European Union
Population and Labour Force Scenarios for the European Union

... The assumptions of the scenarios focus on expected effects of determinants working in a specific future. This explanatory approach entails that extrapolations of current trends are of minor importance, although in the short run the scenarios generally give a smooth continuation of the latest trends. ...
Corporate Default Modelling
Corporate Default Modelling

... Questions to be answered today • What is probability of default (PD)? • Are corporate defaults relevant for financial stability? • Does defaults interact with the real economy? • What data is available to model PD? • How to model PD? ...


... Since the landmark seminal paper by Modigliani and Miller (1958), the issue of capital structure has continued to generate great interests in finance literature. Copeland and Weston (1993) define capital structure as the permanent financing represented by longterm debt, preferred stock, and sharehol ...
statement of investment policy and objectives sipo
statement of investment policy and objectives sipo

... Portfolio risk management is integrated into the investment process where we assess factors such as the liquidity impact and volatility impact the inclusion of a specific security will have on the Fund. Once a security has been included in a portfolio, it is re-evaluated daily to ensure our reasons ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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