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statement of investment policy and objectives sipo
statement of investment policy and objectives sipo

... Portfolio risk management is integrated into the investment process where we assess factors such as the liquidity impact and volatility impact the inclusion of a specific security will have on the Fund. Once a security has been included in a portfolio, it is re-evaluated daily to ensure our reasons ...
a. Frictional unemployment always exists. Frictional unemployment
a. Frictional unemployment always exists. Frictional unemployment

... Assume that we see major signs that the economy is improving, yet the unemployment rate actually ticks up by a percent. Why might this NOT be a bad sign? What information might you need to determine if this rise in unemployment is a good sign or a bad sign for the economy? When an economy starts to ...
November 2011
November 2011

... EXCERPTS FROM BOOK: THE NEXT 100 YEARS ...
Public debt: nothing to fear but fear itself
Public debt: nothing to fear but fear itself

... no matter what denominator you take. ...
03/RT/2015 The macroeconomic effects of the Euro Area`s fiscal
03/RT/2015 The macroeconomic effects of the Euro Area`s fiscal

... European Commission, the IMF and the OECD. The role of the fiscal consolidation in driving the Euro Area’s disappointing economic performance is uncertain and disputed. Blanchard and Leigh (2013) argue that the growth forecast errors in the IMF’s and the European Commission’s projections are systema ...
RSS - irss.academyirmbr.com
RSS - irss.academyirmbr.com

... higher level of salary. Therefore, migration of labours from countries with lower salary to developed countries occurs especially in Third World Countries or from rural areas to urban areas in a country. Harris & Todaro (1970) said that rationally, a person tends to decide on migrating when he or sh ...
The "new normal"
The "new normal"

... Key take-aways ...
Suriname: 2005 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Public Information Notice on
Suriname: 2005 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Public Information Notice on

Key Investor Information
Key Investor Information

... the name of which is at the top of this document. The prospectus and periodic reports are prepared for the entire umbrella fund. To protect investors, the assets and liabilities of each compartment are segregated by law from those of other compartments. Switches: Subject to conditions, you may apply ...
Document
Document

... to buy the carts  the number of carts they purchase will depend on the interest rate they must pay to borrow the money If we now suppose that the market interest rate is 8% per year, the first three carts, all with expected rates of return exceeding 8%, would more than pay for themselves ...
March 2017 Dear All, Please find below a rundown of recent
March 2017 Dear All, Please find below a rundown of recent

... The Financial News reports that there is a ‘Huge gulf’ in fund managers’ responsible investment standards: https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/huge-gulf-in-fund-managers-responsible-investmentstandards-20170313. “Some of Europe’s biggest asset managers have been called out by a pressure group for fail ...
Uni Bayreuth
Uni Bayreuth

... monetary independence. The costs of abandoning the monetary policy instrument are particularly high in the presence of asymmetric shocks and differences in the monetary policy transmission as has been comprehensively discussed in the context of the European Monetary Union (EMU). Thus, a monetary uni ...
An Empirical Analysis of the Inflation Targeting Framework in a Time of
An Empirical Analysis of the Inflation Targeting Framework in a Time of

... The resultant increased demand contributed to a significant rise in housing prices. Another criticism is that there is only weak central bank accountability in targeting inflation. This is because the lagged effects of policy changes on prices will cause short- and medium-term forecasts to be substa ...
C Policy Brief Lessons from Medicare+Choice for Medicare Reform
C Policy Brief Lessons from Medicare+Choice for Medicare Reform

... urrent discussions of the future of Medicare include proposals to increase the enrollment of beneficiaries in private health insurance plans.1 These proposals would provide incentives for beneficiaries to join private plans, rely on more loosely structured health plans such as preferred provider org ...
The Study of Economics
The Study of Economics

... 5. Job creation and destruction, as well as voluntary job separations, lead to job search and frictional unemployment. In addition, a variety of factors (such as minimum wages, unions, efficiency wages, and government policies designed to help laid-off workers) result in a situation in which there i ...
F ifty years ago Henry C. Simons challenged the concept of... exemption when he remarked (1938):
F ifty years ago Henry C. Simons challenged the concept of... exemption when he remarked (1938):

... can be argued that better methods than tax exemption can be used to achieve these goals. Three fundamental criticisms of tax exemption have received the most attention. The first says that tax exemption induces unnecessary volatility into municipal bond yields. According to this "market instability" ...
Materials
Materials

... distribution for 2012-2013. Return on cash balances invested in the University short-term pool will reflect market-based rates as described in the University’s Internal Investment Program policy. 6. Philanthropy: Estimates for annual giving will be projected for each school and unit based upon estim ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 14: Stabilization Policy
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 14: Stabilization Policy

... An example of the Lucas Critique  Prediction (based on past experience): ...
The Natural Rate of Unemployment
The Natural Rate of Unemployment

... Minimum wages - a government-mandated floor on the price of labor. In the U.S., the national minimum wage in 2005 was $5.15 an hour. Unions - by bargaining for all a firm’s workers collectively (collective bargaining), unions can often win higher wages from employers than the market would have other ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEMPORARY SHOCKS AND UNAVOIDABLE TRANSITIONS
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEMPORARY SHOCKS AND UNAVOIDABLE TRANSITIONS

... steady state would be the unique time path. Similarly, fiscal policy plays a key role in determining whether the economy can converge back to the low-unemployment steady state after a negative shock. In standard models, changes in tax rates only have big effects if supply elasticities have unrealisti ...
2017 10K - The York Water Company
2017 10K - The York Water Company

... authorities. Despite the Company’s adequate water supply, customers may be required to cut back water usage under such drought restrictions which would negatively impact revenues. The Company has addressed some of this vulnerability by instituting minimum customer charges which are intended to cover ...
mahler - Western Political Science Association
mahler - Western Political Science Association

... in countries for which micro-data are available from the Luxembourg Income Study rose from .427 in 1980 to .494 in 2010, an increase of 67 Gini points. Inequality of post-government disposable income also grew over this period, but the increase was much smaller: the average Gini index increased from ...
PDF
PDF

... variables grow at constant (possibly zero) rates. Furthermore, its transition properties, which were unclear in this original paper, have been described in a number of subsequent studies on this topic. Important contributions in this line of research include Mulligan and Sala-i-Martin (1992), Caball ...
Significance of the Social Security Trust Funds
Significance of the Social Security Trust Funds

... the next few decades.11 Without further tax increases or reductions in scheduled benefits, the trust funds are projected to eventually run out of assets under most projection scenarios.12 As the focus has shifted to the drawdown of the trust funds, their nature and significance have become a content ...
Paper - Victoria University of Wellington
Paper - Victoria University of Wellington

... Statistics NZ produces demographic projections, which give an indication of the future size and structure of the population. For an in-depth discussion of the role, methods, assumptions, and results from the projections, see Bascand (2012, August). The future is inherently uncertain. To help convey ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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