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Council of Economic Advisers
Council of Economic Advisers

... their communities (Bratsberg et al. 2002). Once provided with certainty about their status, these  individuals  may  be  more  likely  to  start  a  new  business  or  to  pursue  additional  education  or  vocational training, investments which they may not have made if they were unsure if they cou ...
Paper - Victoria University of Wellington
Paper - Victoria University of Wellington

... Statistics NZ produces demographic projections, which give an indication of the future size and structure of the population. For an in-depth discussion of the role, methods, assumptions, and results from the projections, see Bascand (2012, August). The future is inherently uncertain. To help convey ...
CHAP1.WP (Word5)
CHAP1.WP (Word5)

... suited to short-run stabilization, and therefore the rules discussed here are monetary-policy rules. Examples of rigid monetary-policy rules are: constant growth rate of high-powered money, constant short-run interest rate, and constant growth rate of money. Feedback rules would mandate the central ...
EC827_B1 - Michigan State University
EC827_B1 - Michigan State University

... – how will economy behave if Fed keeps the Funds rate target at present level (5.25) for rest of year vs. increasing it 50 basis points (5.75) this spring and holding at that for the rest of the year. ...
LCmexL426_en.pdf
LCmexL426_en.pdf

... loosening balance-of-paym ents constraints and prom oting high em ploym ent levels. W ithin this strategy, the prom otion o f national and foreign investm ent became a national priority.3 The initial results w ere impressive. The economy registered on average a 12% rate of growth between 1970 and 19 ...
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... This new report updates the earlier work and also provides detail on further ways in which the Australian superannuation system continues to benefit all Australians, including through enhancing the stability of the Australian financial system. It also provides confirmation, through modelling, of the ...
Remittances or technological diffusion: Which is more important for
Remittances or technological diffusion: Which is more important for

... remittances that the receiving countries use to start up businesses, invest in human capital or financial assets, etc.. We expect that these uses for remittances would result in high economic payoffs for receiving countries. Here we calculate the amount of remittances that are employed towards inves ...
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... Suppose the price of a share is currently $100, and your time horizon is one year. You expect the cash dividend during the year to be $4. Your best guess about the price of the share is to be $110 after one year from now. So, ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 14: Stabilization Policy
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 14: Stabilization Policy

... An example of the Lucas Critique  Prediction (based on past experience): ...
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... that private agents’ demand for the two goods (the private good and the excludable public good) follows the standard Samuelson-type condition meaning that the ratio of marginal utilities equals the ratio of prices, each private agent’s payments for the public good are proportional to his/her private ...
Chapter 28 Investment Policy and the Framework of the CFA Institute
Chapter 28 Investment Policy and the Framework of the CFA Institute

... 11. Workers who change jobs may wind up with lower pension benefits at retirement than otherwise identical workers who stay with the same employer, even if the employers have defined benefit plans with the same final-pay benefit formula. This is referred to as A. an accumulated benefit obligation. B ...
Dossierbijdrage
Dossierbijdrage

... The Cabinet commits to stay within its real expenditure ceilings. Given the macroeconomic outlook as presented above, this is projected to result in surpluses up to 2011. However, given the current storm in the financial markets and its uncertain impact on the real economy, the actual budgetary outc ...
Long-Term Capital Market Assumptions
Long-Term Capital Market Assumptions

... maturities, and with moving away from government bonds into asset classes with credit risk, historical analysis suggests. The historical term premium (expressed as percentage points of extra return per year of duration) of the sovereign debt of G7 countries varies significantly over time, and has dw ...
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GDP per Capita (log) - Institute for International Law and Justice

... Internet-based aid (GlobalGiving and Kiva) Comparison with official development flows The supply of private aid and microfinance The internet and donor fragmentation Conclusions ...
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No.338 / July 2010 1922--2008 Slava Mikhaylov

... recent parliamentary debates are made available in a dynamic framework on the Oireachtas’ website. This new interface allows to retrieve speaker-specific information and to retrieve speeches from a single member. However, this only applies to debates since 2007. 4 Record-linkage is a common techniqu ...
Policy Trade-offs for Unprecedented Times: Confronting the Global
Policy Trade-offs for Unprecedented Times: Confronting the Global

...  A strategy by the IMF and multilaterals that only pays attention to financing countercyclical fiscal policies is incomplete and ignoring the impact of expansionary policy on liquidity ratios can be a costly mistake.  It is necessary that lender (and borrower)-of-last-resort functions, similar to ...
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... This is the second of two Bulletin articles on the transmission mechanism of New Zealand monetary policy. In the first article (Drew and Sethi 2007), we described this mechanism, detailing the process by which changes in the Reserve Bank’s primary monetary policy instrument, the Official Cash Rate ( ...
Modern macroeconomics: monetary policy
Modern macroeconomics: monetary policy

... will be on prices rather than on real output. • When expansionary monetary policy leads to rising prices, decision makers eventually anticipate the higher inflation rate and build it into their choices. • As this happens, money interest rates, wages, and incomes will reflect the expectation of infla ...
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... that, once the government budget constraint is taken into account, neither deficit nor debt has an effect on economic activity. Consumers do not change their consumption in respond to a tax cut if the present value of aftertax labor income is unaffected. The effect of lower taxes today is cancelled ...
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... This lecture focuses on the demand for the major components of investment by reconciling the decisions of households and businesses with the interest rate and the price of those goods. Fluctuations in Investment Spending A. Movements in aggregate investment 1. Over the short-run business cycle, inve ...
unemployment rate
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... Israelis spent a lot of time moving money in and out of bank accounts that provided high enough interest rates to offset inflation. Businesses made efforts to minimize menu costs. For example, restaurant menus often didn’t list prices. It was hard for Israelis to make decisions because prices change ...
Vincent Piron_Paris 2014
Vincent Piron_Paris 2014

... • It is usually said that the States have no money to invest in housing and infrastructures (I hear this since 45 years) • But it is a matter of allocation of money because money is there, it has been printed by the central banks • The Juncker Plan (300 billion €) is just a reallocation of existing ...
The Root Beer Game Debrief
The Root Beer Game Debrief

... The natural rate in France and Germany is around 8–10%. Why? • Some economists attribute the difference to more generous unemployment benefits in European countries – In the U.S. unemployment benefits last for 6 months – Unemployment benefits in some European countries are indefinite – The generous ...
Business Cycle and Unemployment (Student Version)
Business Cycle and Unemployment (Student Version)

... The natural rate in France and Germany is around 8–10%. Why? • Some economists attribute the difference to more generous unemployment benefits in European countries – In the U.S. unemployment benefits last for 6 months – Unemployment benefits in some European countries are indefinite – The generous ...
The Slovak Experience with Transition to Market Economy
The Slovak Experience with Transition to Market Economy

... Latvia and Lithuania) used the opportunity for regaining their independent statehood (19911993). All these countries faced a double challenge: 1. to introduce economic reforms leading to a market economy, 2. to build the basic economic institutions needed for managing an independent state economy (e ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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