Short – term memory & Working memory
... Structural features 1 sensory memory – Initial stage – Holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second ...
... Structural features 1 sensory memory – Initial stage – Holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... Figure 2. Aging reduced total neuron number and the number of GAD67-positive cells in the dorsal component of the rat prefrontal cortex. A: Unbiased stereological estimates of total neuron number reveal that aging is associated with neuronal loss in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC). There was no ...
... Figure 2. Aging reduced total neuron number and the number of GAD67-positive cells in the dorsal component of the rat prefrontal cortex. A: Unbiased stereological estimates of total neuron number reveal that aging is associated with neuronal loss in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC). There was no ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... Pandya, 2002): at the top of the cortical hierarchy, the PFC is well situated for representational processing of the highest order; and its extensive input-output connections with the rest of the brain allow the PFC to combine information from various sensory, motor, and limbic areas, provide a top- ...
... Pandya, 2002): at the top of the cortical hierarchy, the PFC is well situated for representational processing of the highest order; and its extensive input-output connections with the rest of the brain allow the PFC to combine information from various sensory, motor, and limbic areas, provide a top- ...
HYPOTHALAMUS and EPITHALAMUS
... Specific core learning objectives at the end of this lecture and associated reading you should be able to: outline the principal nuclei of the hypothalamus, their main connections and functions explain how hypothalamic neurons influence feed-forward control on the activity of the anterior pituitary ...
... Specific core learning objectives at the end of this lecture and associated reading you should be able to: outline the principal nuclei of the hypothalamus, their main connections and functions explain how hypothalamic neurons influence feed-forward control on the activity of the anterior pituitary ...
Memento`s Revenge: The Extended Mind
... These are the kinds of question addressed at length in the paper (coauthored with David Chalmers) ‘The Extended Mind’. Is the mind contained (always? sometimes? never?) in the head? Or does the notion of thought allow mental processes (including believings) to inhere in extended systems of body, br ...
... These are the kinds of question addressed at length in the paper (coauthored with David Chalmers) ‘The Extended Mind’. Is the mind contained (always? sometimes? never?) in the head? Or does the notion of thought allow mental processes (including believings) to inhere in extended systems of body, br ...
A Computational Model of Human Planning in the Traveling Salesman... Simone Cutini () Andrea Di Ferdinando ()
... in the competitive layer, most of the patterns (95%) were still classified by three units. This means that the images can be divided into three broad categories with respect to their directional features. However, the most intriguing characteristic of the model regards its capacity to change heurist ...
... in the competitive layer, most of the patterns (95%) were still classified by three units. This means that the images can be divided into three broad categories with respect to their directional features. However, the most intriguing characteristic of the model regards its capacity to change heurist ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... illness. All subjects gave informed consent, and the study was approved in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) (O’Doherty et al., 2002), each by the Institutional Review Board of the California Institute of Technolhorizontal section was acquired at 30° to the anterior commissure–posogy. One subje ...
... illness. All subjects gave informed consent, and the study was approved in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) (O’Doherty et al., 2002), each by the Institutional Review Board of the California Institute of Technolhorizontal section was acquired at 30° to the anterior commissure–posogy. One subje ...
Special Issue on the 12th IEEE International Conference
... Tiedao University. He has industrial experience since 1972 and has been a full professor since 1994. He was a visiting professor on sabbatical leaves in the Computing Laboratory at Oxford University in 1995, Dept. of Computer Science at Stanford University in 2008, the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Co ...
... Tiedao University. He has industrial experience since 1972 and has been a full professor since 1994. He was a visiting professor on sabbatical leaves in the Computing Laboratory at Oxford University in 1995, Dept. of Computer Science at Stanford University in 2008, the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Co ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved in BD. A hypothesis implicating dysfunction of the DLPFC and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studies of healthy volunteers. Increased activity in the right ACC, ...
... findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved in BD. A hypothesis implicating dysfunction of the DLPFC and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studies of healthy volunteers. Increased activity in the right ACC, ...
doc Chapter 8
... decision occurred before the person was aware of it. o The most important input to the supplementary motor area comes from the parietal lobe Sirgu performed a similar experiment to Lau and investigated decision making when the parietal cortex had lesions. They found that people with partial lesion ...
... decision occurred before the person was aware of it. o The most important input to the supplementary motor area comes from the parietal lobe Sirgu performed a similar experiment to Lau and investigated decision making when the parietal cortex had lesions. They found that people with partial lesion ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
楈瑳汯杯捩污传杲湡穩瑡潩景琠敨䌠牥扥慲潃瑲硥
... above and below this sulcus on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and it extends only slightly beyond the occipital pole. It is also called the striate (“striped”) cortex because of the white stripe of Gennari, which is grossly visible within it in a perpendicular anatomical section. The visual c ...
... above and below this sulcus on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and it extends only slightly beyond the occipital pole. It is also called the striate (“striped”) cortex because of the white stripe of Gennari, which is grossly visible within it in a perpendicular anatomical section. The visual c ...
Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity
... (M)-to-sample (S) experiment, an inferotemporal neuron shows sustained high activity for the color red (but not green) of a visual cue, during a delay period of 16 s. Redrawn, with permission, from Fuster and Jerveyl. (b) Spatial working memory. In a delayed saccade experiment, a prefrontal neuron s ...
... (M)-to-sample (S) experiment, an inferotemporal neuron shows sustained high activity for the color red (but not green) of a visual cue, during a delay period of 16 s. Redrawn, with permission, from Fuster and Jerveyl. (b) Spatial working memory. In a delayed saccade experiment, a prefrontal neuron s ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
... a plot of major cognitive subdomains. Cognitive neuroscience relates these mental domains to brain structures and led to proposals to map each of the cognitive modules onto one or more brain regions. Common localizations relate perception to sensory cortices, action control to motor systems, languag ...
... a plot of major cognitive subdomains. Cognitive neuroscience relates these mental domains to brain structures and led to proposals to map each of the cognitive modules onto one or more brain regions. Common localizations relate perception to sensory cortices, action control to motor systems, languag ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
Hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia: Insights
... (and many other relevant brain areas are not included, for simplicity). Each component of the architecture is specialized for a different function by virtue of having different parameters and neural specializations (as motivated by the above tradeoffs), but the fundamental underlying mechanisms are the ...
... (and many other relevant brain areas are not included, for simplicity). Each component of the architecture is specialized for a different function by virtue of having different parameters and neural specializations (as motivated by the above tradeoffs), but the fundamental underlying mechanisms are the ...
AIP
... “AIP neurons have been studied with an experimental paradigm virtually identical to that more recently employed by Murata et al. (1997) in F5. These studies showed that in AIP, as in F5, there are also neurons with motor responses coding specific kinds of grasping or manipulation movements and/or vi ...
... “AIP neurons have been studied with an experimental paradigm virtually identical to that more recently employed by Murata et al. (1997) in F5. These studies showed that in AIP, as in F5, there are also neurons with motor responses coding specific kinds of grasping or manipulation movements and/or vi ...
Thesis Proposal Presentation
... Brian Barnett Valerie Cohen Taylor Hearn Emily Jones Reshma Kariyil Alice Kunin Sen Kwak Jessica Lee Brooke Lubinski Gautam Rao Ashley Zhan ...
... Brian Barnett Valerie Cohen Taylor Hearn Emily Jones Reshma Kariyil Alice Kunin Sen Kwak Jessica Lee Brooke Lubinski Gautam Rao Ashley Zhan ...
The Neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the
... of olfaction (smell), which is projected first to the amygdala, all external sensory input is projected first to the thalamus. In addition, the thalamus is reciprocally interconnected with the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, the somatosensory cortex, the association areas, the auditory cortex, ...
... of olfaction (smell), which is projected first to the amygdala, all external sensory input is projected first to the thalamus. In addition, the thalamus is reciprocally interconnected with the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, the somatosensory cortex, the association areas, the auditory cortex, ...
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
... required to solve working memory tasks. Thus, this type of shortterm memory relies on the maintenance of elevated firing rates in specific subpopulations of neurons rather than on synaptic plasticity, which might underlie long-term memory. The phenomena and mechanisms discussed here are not necessar ...
... required to solve working memory tasks. Thus, this type of shortterm memory relies on the maintenance of elevated firing rates in specific subpopulations of neurons rather than on synaptic plasticity, which might underlie long-term memory. The phenomena and mechanisms discussed here are not necessar ...
Cortical Connections
... the limbs and left side of the lower face and deviation of the tongue to the left with no atrophy and with no loss of taste sensation. This constellation of deficits most likely resulted from a lesion of the: 1. Left internal capsule 2. Right internal capsule 3. Left pontine tegmentum 4. Ventromedia ...
... the limbs and left side of the lower face and deviation of the tongue to the left with no atrophy and with no loss of taste sensation. This constellation of deficits most likely resulted from a lesion of the: 1. Left internal capsule 2. Right internal capsule 3. Left pontine tegmentum 4. Ventromedia ...
A theory: parts of the brain control other parts
... which calls subroutines to carry out its necessary tasks. In some information processing models this notion of an executive has been carried over. In these models, all processing is essentially top-down or executive-driven; if there is no executive, then no processing takes place at all”. Thus they ...
... which calls subroutines to carry out its necessary tasks. In some information processing models this notion of an executive has been carried over. In these models, all processing is essentially top-down or executive-driven; if there is no executive, then no processing takes place at all”. Thus they ...
Neural Cognitive Modelling: A Biologically Constrained Spiking
... reasoning. The intent is to bridge the gap between cognitive theory and neuroscience, allowing the fields to interact in both directions. With such a bridge, high-level cognitive theory would produce detailed low-level predictions as to the neural spiking patterns, connectivity, and so on that suppo ...
... reasoning. The intent is to bridge the gap between cognitive theory and neuroscience, allowing the fields to interact in both directions. With such a bridge, high-level cognitive theory would produce detailed low-level predictions as to the neural spiking patterns, connectivity, and so on that suppo ...
The Endogenously Active Brain: The Need for an
... mind/brain. Cognitive activity is assumed to begin with the presentation of a task or stimulus, which is represented and the representation is then transformed via operations specified by the architecture. This reactive conception of cognition (it occurs in response to a stimulus) has also been shar ...
... mind/brain. Cognitive activity is assumed to begin with the presentation of a task or stimulus, which is represented and the representation is then transformed via operations specified by the architecture. This reactive conception of cognition (it occurs in response to a stimulus) has also been shar ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.