Brain mechanisms for switching from automatic to controlled eye
... changes. The switch-selective activation occurs well before the monkey switches saccade behaviour. Electrical stimulation of the pre-SMA increases the likelihood of successful switches. We also showed that the switch-selective activity starts at different timings depending on the neuron’s action. It ...
... changes. The switch-selective activation occurs well before the monkey switches saccade behaviour. Electrical stimulation of the pre-SMA increases the likelihood of successful switches. We also showed that the switch-selective activity starts at different timings depending on the neuron’s action. It ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... particular aim is to demonstrate that the alpha band } so far mostly neglected } deserves more interest. To emphasize that oscillatory networks are selectively distributed and that oscillatory activities are related to sensory as well as cognitive processes. This integrative view might help to recon ...
... particular aim is to demonstrate that the alpha band } so far mostly neglected } deserves more interest. To emphasize that oscillatory networks are selectively distributed and that oscillatory activities are related to sensory as well as cognitive processes. This integrative view might help to recon ...
Planning and problem solving: from neuropsychology to
... states. In cognitive science, this is often called the “objective” problem space. Given this complete representation, solving a problem can be reduced to reading the correct path from your mapping of all possible states. However, in reality the state space perceived by a person in a particular probl ...
... states. In cognitive science, this is often called the “objective” problem space. Given this complete representation, solving a problem can be reduced to reading the correct path from your mapping of all possible states. However, in reality the state space perceived by a person in a particular probl ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... the concept of forward models, important advances have been made in understanding how efference copies of motor commands are routed back to sensory structures for internally monitoring movement (Sommer and Wurtz, 2008). Those signals, widely referred as corollary discharges, have been observed acros ...
... the concept of forward models, important advances have been made in understanding how efference copies of motor commands are routed back to sensory structures for internally monitoring movement (Sommer and Wurtz, 2008). Those signals, widely referred as corollary discharges, have been observed acros ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
2320Lecture20
... • Single Unit Recordings: Delayed Match-toSample task • Question: does attention modulate spike rate of neurons that respond to visual stimuli? ...
... • Single Unit Recordings: Delayed Match-toSample task • Question: does attention modulate spike rate of neurons that respond to visual stimuli? ...
A non-invasive method to relate the timing of neural activity to white
... compared to relatively steady fixation (Gur et al., 1997; MartinezConde et al., 2000). Since early visual responses are influenced by modulatory top-down signals (Moore and Armstrong, 2003; Ruff et al., 2006), we hypothesized that inter-individual differences in the conduction velocity of fibers from m ...
... compared to relatively steady fixation (Gur et al., 1997; MartinezConde et al., 2000). Since early visual responses are influenced by modulatory top-down signals (Moore and Armstrong, 2003; Ruff et al., 2006), we hypothesized that inter-individual differences in the conduction velocity of fibers from m ...
Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... of using neuroimaging to measure information, but rather to make more explicit the assumptions that may lead us astray in that endeavor. We will argue that most neuroimaging (implicitly) focuses on interpreting physical signals in the brain from the perspective of an external experimenter, whereas t ...
... of using neuroimaging to measure information, but rather to make more explicit the assumptions that may lead us astray in that endeavor. We will argue that most neuroimaging (implicitly) focuses on interpreting physical signals in the brain from the perspective of an external experimenter, whereas t ...
19Dementias
... 3. Memory deficits: retrieval deficits in immediateand long-term memory impairment, abnormalities in procedural memory, (includes anterograde and retrograde amnesias) Providing patients with retrieval cues can improve memory performance Disproportionately impaired in their ability to temporally ...
... 3. Memory deficits: retrieval deficits in immediateand long-term memory impairment, abnormalities in procedural memory, (includes anterograde and retrograde amnesias) Providing patients with retrieval cues can improve memory performance Disproportionately impaired in their ability to temporally ...
Investigating the neurocognitive deficits associated with chronic
... (P300) and the negative potential preceding it. This evidence was interpreted to indicate problems in the efficient selection of relevant stimulus information and in filtering out irrelevant material. Further work suggests that these deficits may endure over time [17]. Most recently, Ehrenreich et a ...
... (P300) and the negative potential preceding it. This evidence was interpreted to indicate problems in the efficient selection of relevant stimulus information and in filtering out irrelevant material. Further work suggests that these deficits may endure over time [17]. Most recently, Ehrenreich et a ...
ADHD
... form of self-directed action aimed at modifying one’s behavior so as to make a future goal (or value, having utility), end, or outcome more or less likely to occur (Barkley, 1997), (Executive Functions, 2013, p. 60) Following from his pre-executive functions, Barkley’s model (drawing on Dawkins, 1 ...
... form of self-directed action aimed at modifying one’s behavior so as to make a future goal (or value, having utility), end, or outcome more or less likely to occur (Barkley, 1997), (Executive Functions, 2013, p. 60) Following from his pre-executive functions, Barkley’s model (drawing on Dawkins, 1 ...
The Neuronal Correlate of Consciousness
... but seem to reflect the specificities of the functional architecture that is determined by the genes, modified by experience throughout post-natal development and further shaped by learning. These self-generated activity patterns in turn seem to serve as priors with which incoming sensory signals ar ...
... but seem to reflect the specificities of the functional architecture that is determined by the genes, modified by experience throughout post-natal development and further shaped by learning. These self-generated activity patterns in turn seem to serve as priors with which incoming sensory signals ar ...
Psychology 381
... repeated stimulus presentation • Note: not everything that results in a decrease in response is habituation ...
... repeated stimulus presentation • Note: not everything that results in a decrease in response is habituation ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex The three types of functional areas are: Motor areas—control voluntary movement Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation Association areas—integrate diverse information ...
... Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex The three types of functional areas are: Motor areas—control voluntary movement Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation Association areas—integrate diverse information ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... is not explicitly modelled, but it might originate from a workingmemory module that encodes and memorizes context in terms of rules. The second top±down signal, the attention bias, facilitates neurons that have the cued location as preferred location. Also the origin of this bias, which might be sen ...
... is not explicitly modelled, but it might originate from a workingmemory module that encodes and memorizes context in terms of rules. The second top±down signal, the attention bias, facilitates neurons that have the cued location as preferred location. Also the origin of this bias, which might be sen ...
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128
... and as such will tend to be normally distributed according to the central limit theorem. Parametric statistical tests were therefore employed. Error rates were treated in the same way, except that they were first log-transformed to conform better to a normal distribution, where necessary. The key an ...
... and as such will tend to be normally distributed according to the central limit theorem. Parametric statistical tests were therefore employed. Error rates were treated in the same way, except that they were first log-transformed to conform better to a normal distribution, where necessary. The key an ...
Reverse-Engineering the Human Auditory Pathway
... visualizing these processes in isolation at near biological resolution in real-time, and it was possible to raise venture capital funding to begin the project. By 2008, these advances had permitted the development of products in the area of two-microphone noise reduction for mobile phones, leading t ...
... visualizing these processes in isolation at near biological resolution in real-time, and it was possible to raise venture capital funding to begin the project. By 2008, these advances had permitted the development of products in the area of two-microphone noise reduction for mobile phones, leading t ...
15-CEREBRUM
... • Information is elaborated to the association cortex, ( at the meeting of the parietal, temporal & occipital) for identification by touch, sight & hearing. • The limbic system (medial part of cerebrum) enable storage & retrieval of the information processed in the posterior cortex. ...
... • Information is elaborated to the association cortex, ( at the meeting of the parietal, temporal & occipital) for identification by touch, sight & hearing. • The limbic system (medial part of cerebrum) enable storage & retrieval of the information processed in the posterior cortex. ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... reaction time during decision making. An important merit of reaction-time analysis is that it increases the statistical power, especially when considering neural activity on a trial-by-trial basis. The Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate model (LATER model) is one model for the analysis o ...
... reaction time during decision making. An important merit of reaction-time analysis is that it increases the statistical power, especially when considering neural activity on a trial-by-trial basis. The Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate model (LATER model) is one model for the analysis o ...
The Existence of a Layer IV in the Rat Motor Cortex
... pole in coronal sections (one brain) in a consecutive series of 50-µm-thick sections using an Oxford Vibratome®. Three to four sections from each series were used for the counting. In brief, the staining and the counting methods were as follows (see Skoglund et al., 1997): the sections were stained ...
... pole in coronal sections (one brain) in a consecutive series of 50-µm-thick sections using an Oxford Vibratome®. Three to four sections from each series were used for the counting. In brief, the staining and the counting methods were as follows (see Skoglund et al., 1997): the sections were stained ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
... to respond as quickly as possible while minimizing errors. Using the right hand, button 1 was pressed for ‘‘male’’ or ‘‘1 story’’ and button 2 was pressed for ‘‘female’’ or ‘‘two story’’ (Fig. 1a). Category cues (100% validity) consisted of red or blue horizontal lines presented at the top and botto ...
... to respond as quickly as possible while minimizing errors. Using the right hand, button 1 was pressed for ‘‘male’’ or ‘‘1 story’’ and button 2 was pressed for ‘‘female’’ or ‘‘two story’’ (Fig. 1a). Category cues (100% validity) consisted of red or blue horizontal lines presented at the top and botto ...
Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... and ABL fired differentially depending on whether the subsequent outcome was to be the rewarding sucrose solution or the aversive quinine. This comparison of activity was statistically significant for 74 (or 22%) of 328 neurons sampled in OFC and 44 (or 36%) of 121 neurons sampled in ABL. The activi ...
... and ABL fired differentially depending on whether the subsequent outcome was to be the rewarding sucrose solution or the aversive quinine. This comparison of activity was statistically significant for 74 (or 22%) of 328 neurons sampled in OFC and 44 (or 36%) of 121 neurons sampled in ABL. The activi ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... and a description of the organization of the visual field representation in each of these areas. These methods have recently been employed in conjunction with tasks that involve higher-order cognitive processes such as spatial attention, working memory, and planning and execution of saccadic eye mov ...
... and a description of the organization of the visual field representation in each of these areas. These methods have recently been employed in conjunction with tasks that involve higher-order cognitive processes such as spatial attention, working memory, and planning and execution of saccadic eye mov ...
Document
... Stimulus intensity and first spike latency • To find if hard-wired ‘delay lines’ exist in the network, we can vary different stimulus parameters and see if the latency changes. • For the final experiment, they test whether intensity has an effect on the latency of the late ...
... Stimulus intensity and first spike latency • To find if hard-wired ‘delay lines’ exist in the network, we can vary different stimulus parameters and see if the latency changes. • For the final experiment, they test whether intensity has an effect on the latency of the late ...
Decoding visual consciousness from human
... Figure 1. Encoding of the contents of consciousness in a core NCC. (a) This classic sketch by Ernst Mach shows his first-person experience while he is looking out into his study. Experiences can vary along several dimensions (shades of brightness, orientations, textures and so on) and hierarchical l ...
... Figure 1. Encoding of the contents of consciousness in a core NCC. (a) This classic sketch by Ernst Mach shows his first-person experience while he is looking out into his study. Experiences can vary along several dimensions (shades of brightness, orientations, textures and so on) and hierarchical l ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.