From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... several seconds (delayed matching to sample task), some neurons fire at an enhanced level throughout the delay (Fig. 1, Constantinidis, Franowicz, & Goldman-Rakic, 2001; Fuster, 1995; Fuster & Alexander, 1971; Kojima & Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Romanski & Goldman-Rakic, 2002). Intriguingly, the persisten ...
... several seconds (delayed matching to sample task), some neurons fire at an enhanced level throughout the delay (Fig. 1, Constantinidis, Franowicz, & Goldman-Rakic, 2001; Fuster, 1995; Fuster & Alexander, 1971; Kojima & Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Romanski & Goldman-Rakic, 2002). Intriguingly, the persisten ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... lower and higher areas of the brain project through the pons to the cerebellum. • The cerebellum projects through the thalamus to the same cortical areas from which it receives input, including frontal, parietal, and superior temporal cortices. ...
... lower and higher areas of the brain project through the pons to the cerebellum. • The cerebellum projects through the thalamus to the same cortical areas from which it receives input, including frontal, parietal, and superior temporal cortices. ...
ling411-11-Columns - OWL-Space
... Similarly.. Neurons of a hypercolumn may have similar response features, upon which others that differ may be superimposed Result is maxicolumns in the hypercolumn sharing certain basic features while differing with respect to others Such maxicolumns may be further subdivided into functional ...
... Similarly.. Neurons of a hypercolumn may have similar response features, upon which others that differ may be superimposed Result is maxicolumns in the hypercolumn sharing certain basic features while differing with respect to others Such maxicolumns may be further subdivided into functional ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... of the subsequent sequential actions (Barone and Joseph 1989; Kermadi and Joseph 1995; Kermadi et al. 1993; Mushiake and Strick 1995; Tanji and Shima 1994). Such activity could represent commands for the conversion of a spatial pattern of activation into the temporal domain of movement. Together, th ...
... of the subsequent sequential actions (Barone and Joseph 1989; Kermadi and Joseph 1995; Kermadi et al. 1993; Mushiake and Strick 1995; Tanji and Shima 1994). Such activity could represent commands for the conversion of a spatial pattern of activation into the temporal domain of movement. Together, th ...
Cognition The Cognitive Science Approach 1) The Atkinson
... 50) If I can name objects, but not faces; and somebody else can name objects and faces, this is sufficient to illustrate a double-dissociation. Answer: FALSE 51) Sam is participating in an experiment in which electrodes are attached to his head. It is probably a PET experiment. Answer: FALSE 52) It ...
... 50) If I can name objects, but not faces; and somebody else can name objects and faces, this is sufficient to illustrate a double-dissociation. Answer: FALSE 51) Sam is participating in an experiment in which electrodes are attached to his head. It is probably a PET experiment. Answer: FALSE 52) It ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... alignment of the locus of attention within the RF and the visual stimulus. Moreover, the results with single RF stimuli fail to provide a parallel to the most classic effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (M ...
... alignment of the locus of attention within the RF and the visual stimulus. Moreover, the results with single RF stimuli fail to provide a parallel to the most classic effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (M ...
Auditory Cortex (1)
... many cortical units unresponsive to sound. Further the effect is probably selective so that units with more indirect input pathways are more likely to be affected. (p.190) Goldstein and Abeles, Brain Res., 100:188-191 (1975) ...
... many cortical units unresponsive to sound. Further the effect is probably selective so that units with more indirect input pathways are more likely to be affected. (p.190) Goldstein and Abeles, Brain Res., 100:188-191 (1975) ...
The Brain - Personal
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to take ...
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to take ...
Separate neural subsystems within `Wernicke`s area`
... area’ has become a meaningless concept (Bogen and Bogen, 1976). In the model of single word processing by Lichtheim, ⬎100 years old but still the basis of the bedside assessment of aphasic patients, Wernicke’s area, localized to the posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), stores th ...
... area’ has become a meaningless concept (Bogen and Bogen, 1976). In the model of single word processing by Lichtheim, ⬎100 years old but still the basis of the bedside assessment of aphasic patients, Wernicke’s area, localized to the posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), stores th ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is that subjects achieving a high degree of abacus experience ...
... spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is that subjects achieving a high degree of abacus experience ...
Lecture notes for October 9, 2015 FINAL
... Communication to and from the brain involves tracts Ascending tracts are sensory o Deliver information to the brain Descending tracts are motor o Deliver information to the periphery Naming the tracts o If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract deliv ...
... Communication to and from the brain involves tracts Ascending tracts are sensory o Deliver information to the brain Descending tracts are motor o Deliver information to the periphery Naming the tracts o If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract deliv ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... convergence of motivational/goal-directed influences from limbic cortex with stimulus processing and response selection mediated within the frontoparietal areas. ...
... convergence of motivational/goal-directed influences from limbic cortex with stimulus processing and response selection mediated within the frontoparietal areas. ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... distinct regions of the cortex. In particular, different activations for the retrieval of functional versus perceptual knowledge ...
... distinct regions of the cortex. In particular, different activations for the retrieval of functional versus perceptual knowledge ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
... Dorsomedial (DM): Emotional response, memory Anterior nucleus (A): memory and behavioral functions Intralaminar nuclei (CM, PF): Arousal, awareness & emotional responses Subthalamus: control skeletal muscle movements and muscle tone ...
... Dorsomedial (DM): Emotional response, memory Anterior nucleus (A): memory and behavioral functions Intralaminar nuclei (CM, PF): Arousal, awareness & emotional responses Subthalamus: control skeletal muscle movements and muscle tone ...
Computational Constraints that may have Favoured the Lamination
... a layer of granule cells sandwiched between two layers of pyramidal cells. The functional significance of this major qualitative step in evolution, which likely appeared at the transition from reptiles to mammals and was retained ever since, remains mysterious. Neuroscientists have speculated about ...
... a layer of granule cells sandwiched between two layers of pyramidal cells. The functional significance of this major qualitative step in evolution, which likely appeared at the transition from reptiles to mammals and was retained ever since, remains mysterious. Neuroscientists have speculated about ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
... for complex stimuli that resemble the objects monkeys encounter in their experiences outside the neurophysiological laboratory (14, 15). Little is known about how or whether PF neurons convey their spatial attributes. The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for compl ...
... for complex stimuli that resemble the objects monkeys encounter in their experiences outside the neurophysiological laboratory (14, 15). Little is known about how or whether PF neurons convey their spatial attributes. The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for compl ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
thalamus
... Afferents: Visual from the optic tract Projects to primary visual cortex in occipital cortex ( Area 17). ...
... Afferents: Visual from the optic tract Projects to primary visual cortex in occipital cortex ( Area 17). ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortices then provide the major input to the next “rung” of the hierarchy, the entorhina ...
... FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortices then provide the major input to the next “rung” of the hierarchy, the entorhina ...
Fractionating Human Intelligence
... and Haier, 2007), while the level of activation within frontoparietal cortex correlates with individuals differences in IQ score (Gray et al., 2003). Critically, after brain damage, the size of the lesion within, but not outside of, MD cortex is correlated with the estimated drop in IQ (Woolgar et a ...
... and Haier, 2007), while the level of activation within frontoparietal cortex correlates with individuals differences in IQ score (Gray et al., 2003). Critically, after brain damage, the size of the lesion within, but not outside of, MD cortex is correlated with the estimated drop in IQ (Woolgar et a ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... with rostral cingulate areas known to process cognitive demands along with their affective evaluation, in particular the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; also known as the “rostral” ACC) and the midcingulate cortex (MCC; also known as the “dorsal” ACC) (Bush et al. 2000; Botvinick et al. 2001; Holroy ...
... with rostral cingulate areas known to process cognitive demands along with their affective evaluation, in particular the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; also known as the “rostral” ACC) and the midcingulate cortex (MCC; also known as the “dorsal” ACC) (Bush et al. 2000; Botvinick et al. 2001; Holroy ...
View Full Page PDF
... PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observed that one of the architectonic trends takes a r ...
... PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observed that one of the architectonic trends takes a r ...
The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy. By
... Areas adjacent to a primary area: to elaborate primary area data. ‐‐ 18, 19: visual association area Superior parietal lobule: somatosensory Superior temporal gyrus: auditory Premotor cortex: motor Multimodal or ...
... Areas adjacent to a primary area: to elaborate primary area data. ‐‐ 18, 19: visual association area Superior parietal lobule: somatosensory Superior temporal gyrus: auditory Premotor cortex: motor Multimodal or ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.