Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... during the delay period, when spatial memory is involved [34]. FMRI studies have confirmed the involvement of Brodmann area 46 in spatial memory [35,36], with an activity in this area that can last at least 24 s [35]. In a psychophysical study in normal subjects, it was suggested that a spatial memor ...
... during the delay period, when spatial memory is involved [34]. FMRI studies have confirmed the involvement of Brodmann area 46 in spatial memory [35,36], with an activity in this area that can last at least 24 s [35]. In a psychophysical study in normal subjects, it was suggested that a spatial memor ...
Paper: Temporal Convergence of Dynamic Cell Assemblies in the
... The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Schoo ...
... The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Schoo ...
Functional Brain Changes Following Cognitive and Motor Skills
... Although several qualitative reviews of studies examining functional brain changes associated with training have been published,2-8 we are aware of only 1 review9 that has used quantitative meta-analytic methods. Previous reviews have revealed both increases and decreases in activity across multiple ...
... Although several qualitative reviews of studies examining functional brain changes associated with training have been published,2-8 we are aware of only 1 review9 that has used quantitative meta-analytic methods. Previous reviews have revealed both increases and decreases in activity across multiple ...
E(R) - Consciousness Online
... To keep [your students] where you have called them, you must make the subject too interesting for them to wander again. And for that there is ...
... To keep [your students] where you have called them, you must make the subject too interesting for them to wander again. And for that there is ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... notions of theory and computation in the world cannot gain traction if the data we collect do not distinguish the predictions of different theories. Yet we all have had the experience of reading a paper, observing that its outcome is “broadly consistent” with some theory, but also realizing that if ...
... notions of theory and computation in the world cannot gain traction if the data we collect do not distinguish the predictions of different theories. Yet we all have had the experience of reading a paper, observing that its outcome is “broadly consistent” with some theory, but also realizing that if ...
Lecture 9B
... Myelination is nearly completed by birth in most species in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth, such as wild mice and horses. In humans, myelination is delayed considerably. Few fibers are myelinated at birth and some brain regions continue myelination well int ...
... Myelination is nearly completed by birth in most species in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth, such as wild mice and horses. In humans, myelination is delayed considerably. Few fibers are myelinated at birth and some brain regions continue myelination well int ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... a variety of higher cognitive functions. Several models of working memory have been proposed [30]. The most influential model of working memory was the one proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) [19] and Baddeley (1986) [31]. Baddeley’s original model of working memory included one master component ( ...
... a variety of higher cognitive functions. Several models of working memory have been proposed [30]. The most influential model of working memory was the one proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) [19] and Baddeley (1986) [31]. Baddeley’s original model of working memory included one master component ( ...
Document
... pinholes and holding them in exact coincidence, and yet at the same time he can concentrate his attention on any part of the dark field he likes, so that when the spark comes, he will get an impression about objects in that particular region only. In this experiment the attention is entirely indepen ...
... pinholes and holding them in exact coincidence, and yet at the same time he can concentrate his attention on any part of the dark field he likes, so that when the spark comes, he will get an impression about objects in that particular region only. In this experiment the attention is entirely indepen ...
... trial-dependent (it is only relevant for one trial) (Frick et al., 1995). These two kinds of memory can be assessed by studying the use of spatial information in the rat (Nagahara, Otto & Gallagher, 1995; Santín et al., 1999a). In spite of advances in research in this area in recent years, the preci ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
Paying attention to correlated neural activity
... are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odorant mixtures therefore requires both the identification of individual odorants (pattern separation) and perce ...
... are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odorant mixtures therefore requires both the identification of individual odorants (pattern separation) and perce ...
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation
... takes priority in processing, both in terms of more rapid responses and greater overall influence (Cacioppo & Bernstein, 1994; Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999; Ito et al., 1998). Thus, one might expect negative stimuli to be processed more quickly than positive stimuli in terms of brain activity. Although ...
... takes priority in processing, both in terms of more rapid responses and greater overall influence (Cacioppo & Bernstein, 1994; Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999; Ito et al., 1998). Thus, one might expect negative stimuli to be processed more quickly than positive stimuli in terms of brain activity. Although ...
Design and analysis of fMRI studies with neurologically impaired
... other brain regions. For instance, if dyslexic participants have a problem at the level of perceptual processing, normal responses in speech production areas will be prohibited. It then becomes impossible to determine whether abnormal neuronal responses are due to a primary physiological deficit or a ...
... other brain regions. For instance, if dyslexic participants have a problem at the level of perceptual processing, normal responses in speech production areas will be prohibited. It then becomes impossible to determine whether abnormal neuronal responses are due to a primary physiological deficit or a ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001). Such reports have emphasized impairments in the emotional aspect of decision making. Empirical studies of elements of decision making following frontal lobe damage have been undertaken more recently (e.g., Godefroy & Rousseaux, 1996, 1997; Miller, 1992; Miller & Milner, ...
... Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001). Such reports have emphasized impairments in the emotional aspect of decision making. Empirical studies of elements of decision making following frontal lobe damage have been undertaken more recently (e.g., Godefroy & Rousseaux, 1996, 1997; Miller, 1992; Miller & Milner, ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... were identical to those described by Owen et al. (1996b). For the task conditions, subjects were presented either six (“easy”) or twelve (“difficult”) red circles on a touch-sensitive computer screen suspended above the scanner. For each problem, subjects were required to search through the array of ...
... were identical to those described by Owen et al. (1996b). For the task conditions, subjects were presented either six (“easy”) or twelve (“difficult”) red circles on a touch-sensitive computer screen suspended above the scanner. For each problem, subjects were required to search through the array of ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... human pre-SMA is activated when two procedures compete with each other [19,22,37]. Thus, the conflict associated with proactive switching (i.e. conflict between the old Box 1. Retroactive switching by ACC neurons There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several wa ...
... human pre-SMA is activated when two procedures compete with each other [19,22,37]. Thus, the conflict associated with proactive switching (i.e. conflict between the old Box 1. Retroactive switching by ACC neurons There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several wa ...
17-1 Chapter 17 ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE CEREBRAL
... or where the behavior is initiated or what parts of the system play what roles in what behaviors. It is clear that the limbic system plays an important role in emotional behavior. Learning and memory Learning is usually defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or ...
... or where the behavior is initiated or what parts of the system play what roles in what behaviors. It is clear that the limbic system plays an important role in emotional behavior. Learning and memory Learning is usually defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or ...
Syntax in music and language: The role of cognitive control
... least as measured in the studies cited above–also relies on cognitive control mechanisms. Indeed, this is likely to be the case. Listening to music involves building up complex cognitive representations of musical structure. This not only involves processing and integrating musical elements as they ...
... least as measured in the studies cited above–also relies on cognitive control mechanisms. Indeed, this is likely to be the case. Listening to music involves building up complex cognitive representations of musical structure. This not only involves processing and integrating musical elements as they ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... tasks apparently depend upon the integrity of distinct cortical regions. Touchscreen mediated visual discrimination/reversal tasks have emerged as a relevant assay for murine executive functions, and these tasks can be associated with distinct areas of the frontal cortex (Bussey et al. 2001; Brigman ...
... tasks apparently depend upon the integrity of distinct cortical regions. Touchscreen mediated visual discrimination/reversal tasks have emerged as a relevant assay for murine executive functions, and these tasks can be associated with distinct areas of the frontal cortex (Bussey et al. 2001; Brigman ...
Local integration 2
... • How do we move from coarse-grained correlations between blood flow and cognitive activity to an understanding of how cognitive activity takes place • We want to know not just where cognitive activity is happening, but how it is happening • Requires calibrating imaging data with data about neural a ...
... • How do we move from coarse-grained correlations between blood flow and cognitive activity to an understanding of how cognitive activity takes place • We want to know not just where cognitive activity is happening, but how it is happening • Requires calibrating imaging data with data about neural a ...
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Obsessive
... ◦ Patients with hoarding had significantly lower glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and cuneus, while non-hoarding patients had significantly higher glucose metabolism in the bilateral thalamus and caudate. ◦ Compared to non-hoarding OCD patients, hoarders had significantly lower me ...
... ◦ Patients with hoarding had significantly lower glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and cuneus, while non-hoarding patients had significantly higher glucose metabolism in the bilateral thalamus and caudate. ◦ Compared to non-hoarding OCD patients, hoarders had significantly lower me ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... developed a gambling task to model certain key aspects of real life decision-making which is typified by uncertain premises and outcomes, together with the requirement to process both positive and negative reinforcement (Bechara et al., 1994). These authors found that patients with orbitofrontal les ...
... developed a gambling task to model certain key aspects of real life decision-making which is typified by uncertain premises and outcomes, together with the requirement to process both positive and negative reinforcement (Bechara et al., 1994). These authors found that patients with orbitofrontal les ...
Functional Dissociation of Attentional Selection within PFC
... In the present study, we provide additional evidence that within prefrontal cortex there are distinct regions involved in response-related aspects of attention from those involved in non-response related aspects of attention. There is one potential objection to the interpretation of our prior result ...
... In the present study, we provide additional evidence that within prefrontal cortex there are distinct regions involved in response-related aspects of attention from those involved in non-response related aspects of attention. There is one potential objection to the interpretation of our prior result ...
Affective neuroscience: the emergence of a discipline
... grown exponentially over the past several years and is derived from diverse sources, including basic studies in animals, research with normal humans (using a variety o f physiological measures and biological probes), and studies o f human neuropathology and psychopathology. As research progresses in ...
... grown exponentially over the past several years and is derived from diverse sources, including basic studies in animals, research with normal humans (using a variety o f physiological measures and biological probes), and studies o f human neuropathology and psychopathology. As research progresses in ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.