INFORMATION PROCESSING WITH POPULATION CODES
... what information about the direction of a moving object is available from the response of a population of neurons? Let us take a hypothetical experiment. Imagine that we record the activity of 64 neurons from area MT, and that these neurons have spatially overlapping receptive fields. We assume that ...
... what information about the direction of a moving object is available from the response of a population of neurons? Let us take a hypothetical experiment. Imagine that we record the activity of 64 neurons from area MT, and that these neurons have spatially overlapping receptive fields. We assume that ...
Functional and Dysfunctional Aspects of the Cerebral Cortex
... as normal chewing, speech, improper bites, malocclusions of the teeth, and oral–facial imbalances, but have perhaps not thought too much about the underlying processes or mechanisms that regulate these behaviors and which may eventually provide practitioners with a rationale for correcting dysfuncti ...
... as normal chewing, speech, improper bites, malocclusions of the teeth, and oral–facial imbalances, but have perhaps not thought too much about the underlying processes or mechanisms that regulate these behaviors and which may eventually provide practitioners with a rationale for correcting dysfuncti ...
Central Emotional Integration
... particular way, not necessarily the response itself. Thus, unlike James-Lange, autonomic response is not essential for emotional experience. Emotional experience: Unconscious evaluation of a stimulus→ action tendencies→ peripheral res. → → conscious experience. Explains also the emotional response ...
... particular way, not necessarily the response itself. Thus, unlike James-Lange, autonomic response is not essential for emotional experience. Emotional experience: Unconscious evaluation of a stimulus→ action tendencies→ peripheral res. → → conscious experience. Explains also the emotional response ...
U Eyewitness Testimony
... scenes. Defense attorneys, however, have questioned both the techniques used and the results of the hypnosis. Some studies suggest that hypnosis can be used, either inadvertently or deliberately, to alter memory. Other studies have concluded that little memory enhancement occurs through hypnosis. As ...
... scenes. Defense attorneys, however, have questioned both the techniques used and the results of the hypnosis. Some studies suggest that hypnosis can be used, either inadvertently or deliberately, to alter memory. Other studies have concluded that little memory enhancement occurs through hypnosis. As ...
Central Emotional System
... particular way, not the response itself. Thus, unlike James-Lange, autonomic response is not required for emotional experience. Emotional experience: Unconscious evaluation of a stimulus→ action tendencies→ peripheral res. → → conscious experience. Explains also the emotional response to sublimina ...
... particular way, not the response itself. Thus, unlike James-Lange, autonomic response is not required for emotional experience. Emotional experience: Unconscious evaluation of a stimulus→ action tendencies→ peripheral res. → → conscious experience. Explains also the emotional response to sublimina ...
Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex
... posture regardless of the position of the arm at the initiation of stimulation. These findings are incompatible with the idea that M1 controls either muscles or higher order kinematic variables such as direction and speed of movements as the stimulation results in movement to a final posture regardl ...
... posture regardless of the position of the arm at the initiation of stimulation. These findings are incompatible with the idea that M1 controls either muscles or higher order kinematic variables such as direction and speed of movements as the stimulation results in movement to a final posture regardl ...
Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating
... call on different cognitive functions such as mental flexibility, selective attention, inhibition and working memory; therefore, patients may be impaired on these tasks for a variety of different reasons (Van der Linden et al., 2000). Using multidetermined tasks does not allow one to identify the spe ...
... call on different cognitive functions such as mental flexibility, selective attention, inhibition and working memory; therefore, patients may be impaired on these tasks for a variety of different reasons (Van der Linden et al., 2000). Using multidetermined tasks does not allow one to identify the spe ...
Slide 1
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to take ...
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to take ...
The Schizophrenic Brain: A Broken Hermeneutic
... played with the idea [4] of how, if at all, two extreme approaches, the ”device approach” and the ”philosophical approach” could be reconciled. It was cautiously suggested by turning to the philosophical tradition that hermeneutics, i.e., the ”art of interpretation”, which is neither monist nor dual ...
... played with the idea [4] of how, if at all, two extreme approaches, the ”device approach” and the ”philosophical approach” could be reconciled. It was cautiously suggested by turning to the philosophical tradition that hermeneutics, i.e., the ”art of interpretation”, which is neither monist nor dual ...
Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious inhibition of
... of the response activated by the first stimulus and allow responses associated with new stimuli (Jaskowski, in press; Jaskowski and Przekoracka-Krawczyk, 2005; Lleras and Enns, 2006). While this debate is also tangential to our main purpose of simply studying whether SEF and SMA are associated with ...
... of the response activated by the first stimulus and allow responses associated with new stimuli (Jaskowski, in press; Jaskowski and Przekoracka-Krawczyk, 2005; Lleras and Enns, 2006). While this debate is also tangential to our main purpose of simply studying whether SEF and SMA are associated with ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... Declarative knowledge and experiences are represented in the association cortex and are recalled by reactivation of the neural representation. Electrophysiological experiments have revealed that associations between semantically linked visual objects are formed in neural representations in the tempo ...
... Declarative knowledge and experiences are represented in the association cortex and are recalled by reactivation of the neural representation. Electrophysiological experiments have revealed that associations between semantically linked visual objects are formed in neural representations in the tempo ...
Top-down influence in early visual processing: a Bayesian perspective
... Neurons in the primary visual cortex are known to be tuned to specific elementary local features in the visual scenes. These features include location, line orientation, stereo disparity, movement direction, color and spatial frequency [1,2]. It is also known that V1 neurons are also influenced by t ...
... Neurons in the primary visual cortex are known to be tuned to specific elementary local features in the visual scenes. These features include location, line orientation, stereo disparity, movement direction, color and spatial frequency [1,2]. It is also known that V1 neurons are also influenced by t ...
On the choice of a sparse prior
... the properties of natural stimuli (Barlow 1961). Many recent studies analyse simulated neurons learning from natural scenes and compare their properties to the properties of real neurons in the visual system (Atick 1992; Dong and Atick 1995; Fyfe and Baddeley 1995; Bell 1996; Olshausen and Field 199 ...
... the properties of natural stimuli (Barlow 1961). Many recent studies analyse simulated neurons learning from natural scenes and compare their properties to the properties of real neurons in the visual system (Atick 1992; Dong and Atick 1995; Fyfe and Baddeley 1995; Bell 1996; Olshausen and Field 199 ...
Cognitive Informatics Models of the Brain
... paper or other types of external memories in order to compensate the required working memory space in a thinking process. The LTM is the permanent memory that human beings rely on for storing acquired information in terms of facts, knowledge, and skills. The LTM is apparently unlimited, because of i ...
... paper or other types of external memories in order to compensate the required working memory space in a thinking process. The LTM is the permanent memory that human beings rely on for storing acquired information in terms of facts, knowledge, and skills. The LTM is apparently unlimited, because of i ...
Document
... • The outputs of the striate cortex (area V1) are sent to area V2, a region of the extrastriate cortex just adjacent to V1. As we saw in Figure 6.28, a dye for cytochrome oxidase reveals blobs in V1 and three kinds of stripes in V2. • Neurons in V1 blobs project to thin stripes, and neurons outside ...
... • The outputs of the striate cortex (area V1) are sent to area V2, a region of the extrastriate cortex just adjacent to V1. As we saw in Figure 6.28, a dye for cytochrome oxidase reveals blobs in V1 and three kinds of stripes in V2. • Neurons in V1 blobs project to thin stripes, and neurons outside ...
The Brain and Behaviour
... A specific area in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere only, next to the primary auditory cortex and connected to Broca’s area by a bundle of nerves is called Wernicke’s area. Wernicke’s area is involved with comprehension of speech; more specifically, with interpreting the sounds of human spee ...
... A specific area in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere only, next to the primary auditory cortex and connected to Broca’s area by a bundle of nerves is called Wernicke’s area. Wernicke’s area is involved with comprehension of speech; more specifically, with interpreting the sounds of human spee ...
septins were depleted Orai1 became sites. However, more work will be
... cortex failed to find these types of neural responses to spatial dimensions [11], rather finding responses that depended upon the presence or recent removal of objects in the environment [12]. The recording of neurons in an experimental manipulation that places local object cues in direct conflict w ...
... cortex failed to find these types of neural responses to spatial dimensions [11], rather finding responses that depended upon the presence or recent removal of objects in the environment [12]. The recording of neurons in an experimental manipulation that places local object cues in direct conflict w ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... of a conflict stimulus (e.g. the word GREEN displayed in red), because there is a strong prepotent tendency to read the word (“green”), which competes with the response to the color (“red”). This illustrates one of the most fundamental aspects of cognitive control and goal-directed behavior: the abi ...
... of a conflict stimulus (e.g. the word GREEN displayed in red), because there is a strong prepotent tendency to read the word (“green”), which competes with the response to the color (“red”). This illustrates one of the most fundamental aspects of cognitive control and goal-directed behavior: the abi ...
Consciousness, Emotion, and Imagination: A Brain
... workspace theory proposes a model of information flow in which conscious information processing is cognitively efficacious because it integrates the results of the brain’s massively parallel computational resources (Baars, 1988; 2002). The theory has previously been used in the design of software ag ...
... workspace theory proposes a model of information flow in which conscious information processing is cognitively efficacious because it integrates the results of the brain’s massively parallel computational resources (Baars, 1988; 2002). The theory has previously been used in the design of software ag ...
Brain Plasticity and Emotional Regulation
... 1) Emotions arise when an individual attends to a situation and sees it as relevant to his or her goals. 2) Emotions are multifaceted, whole-body phenomena that involve loosely-coupled changes in the domains of subjective experience, behavior, and central and peripheral physiology. 3) They can ...
... 1) Emotions arise when an individual attends to a situation and sees it as relevant to his or her goals. 2) Emotions are multifaceted, whole-body phenomena that involve loosely-coupled changes in the domains of subjective experience, behavior, and central and peripheral physiology. 3) They can ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
Prediction in Human Decision Making
... is a temperature parameter which controls the explorationexploitation tendency; and A is a set of all actions [15]. We have added a prediction part to the Actor-Critic structure to address a model of human decision making process which includes working memory. For this purpose, it is necessary to ha ...
... is a temperature parameter which controls the explorationexploitation tendency; and A is a set of all actions [15]. We have added a prediction part to the Actor-Critic structure to address a model of human decision making process which includes working memory. For this purpose, it is necessary to ha ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... leads to a prolonging of the activity (Kojima and GoldmanRakic, 1982; Batuev et al., 1985). Third, these activities are a product of learning (Fuster, 1973; Kubota and Komatsu, 1985). Recording in untrained animals, Fuster (1973) found fewer delay-related activities than in trained monkeys in simila ...
... leads to a prolonging of the activity (Kojima and GoldmanRakic, 1982; Batuev et al., 1985). Third, these activities are a product of learning (Fuster, 1973; Kubota and Komatsu, 1985). Recording in untrained animals, Fuster (1973) found fewer delay-related activities than in trained monkeys in simila ...
Lecture Slides - Austin Community College
... • Cerebral hemispheres - Account for 83% of brain mass • Diencephalon – includes thalamus and hypothalamus • Brain stem - includes midbrain, pons, and medulla • Cerebellum – “little brain” ...
... • Cerebral hemispheres - Account for 83% of brain mass • Diencephalon – includes thalamus and hypothalamus • Brain stem - includes midbrain, pons, and medulla • Cerebellum – “little brain” ...
The Neural Fate of Consciously Perceived and Missed Events in the
... singled out of an RSVP of distractor items, unless attention is engaged in processing a previously presented target (T1). These results support a two-stage model of the AB, consisting of the rapid and initial representation of visual items followed by the slow, capacity-limited and attention-demandi ...
... singled out of an RSVP of distractor items, unless attention is engaged in processing a previously presented target (T1). These results support a two-stage model of the AB, consisting of the rapid and initial representation of visual items followed by the slow, capacity-limited and attention-demandi ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.