4.2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Vocab Electromagnetic
... - The number or cycles or vibrations per unit of time; also the number or waves produced in a given amount of time. Photoelectric Effect - The emission of electrons from a material when light of certain frequencies shines on the surface of the material. Quantum - The basic unit of electromagnetic en ...
... - The number or cycles or vibrations per unit of time; also the number or waves produced in a given amount of time. Photoelectric Effect - The emission of electrons from a material when light of certain frequencies shines on the surface of the material. Quantum - The basic unit of electromagnetic en ...
Lecture 13: Heisenberg and Uncertainty
... Light is made up of photons, but in macroscopic situations it is often fine to treat it as a wave. Photons carry both energy & momentum. Matter also exhibits wave properties. For an object of mass m, and velocity, v, the object has a wavelength, λ = h / mv One can probe ‘see’ the fine detail ...
... Light is made up of photons, but in macroscopic situations it is often fine to treat it as a wave. Photons carry both energy & momentum. Matter also exhibits wave properties. For an object of mass m, and velocity, v, the object has a wavelength, λ = h / mv One can probe ‘see’ the fine detail ...
Quantum Polarization
... A) exactly 50 photons B) at least 50 photons C) around 50 photons Explain: How does this illustrate intrinsic randomness? 4) Suppose a vertically polarized photon is heading toward a filter at 45o and then toward a horizontally polarized filter. What is the chance that a photon will make it through ...
... A) exactly 50 photons B) at least 50 photons C) around 50 photons Explain: How does this illustrate intrinsic randomness? 4) Suppose a vertically polarized photon is heading toward a filter at 45o and then toward a horizontally polarized filter. What is the chance that a photon will make it through ...
Answers to Homework #6 on Chapter 5
... Cooler, because hotter objects have a shorter wavelength of peak emission, infra-red wavelengths are longer than visible wavelengths, and the Sun’s peak emission is at visible wavelengths. Less, because cooler objects emit fewer photons per square metre than hotter objects at all wavelengths. 10 poi ...
... Cooler, because hotter objects have a shorter wavelength of peak emission, infra-red wavelengths are longer than visible wavelengths, and the Sun’s peak emission is at visible wavelengths. Less, because cooler objects emit fewer photons per square metre than hotter objects at all wavelengths. 10 poi ...
Quantum Mechanics: Introduction
... E = kT Fundamental constants : 1. velocity of light c 2. Avogadro Number N 3. Boltzman constant k 4. Unit of charge e ...
... E = kT Fundamental constants : 1. velocity of light c 2. Avogadro Number N 3. Boltzman constant k 4. Unit of charge e ...
4. Energy, Power, and Photons
... Photon momentum: the Compton effect Photons have no mass and always travel at the speed of light, so we can’t use p= mV to determine their momentum. Instead, the momentum of a single photon is: h/, or k since k 2 Compton scattering: the photon transfers some of its energy to a particle (caus ...
... Photon momentum: the Compton effect Photons have no mass and always travel at the speed of light, so we can’t use p= mV to determine their momentum. Instead, the momentum of a single photon is: h/, or k since k 2 Compton scattering: the photon transfers some of its energy to a particle (caus ...
Light is an electromagnetic wave. Turn text to image. Illustrate the
... to each other and to the direction of motion of the electron. Together, they form the electromagnetic wave emanated from the electron. The electromagnetic wave is the light produced by the accelerating charge. ...
... to each other and to the direction of motion of the electron. Together, they form the electromagnetic wave emanated from the electron. The electromagnetic wave is the light produced by the accelerating charge. ...
Electromagnetic radiation
... induction and static electricity phenomena. In the quantum theory of electromagnetism, EMR consists of photons, the elementary particles responsible for all electromagnetic interactions. Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the transition of electrons to lower energy levels in ...
... induction and static electricity phenomena. In the quantum theory of electromagnetism, EMR consists of photons, the elementary particles responsible for all electromagnetic interactions. Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the transition of electrons to lower energy levels in ...
Modern Physics 2-Quantum Optics
... • Light and UV radiation shine on three different metals. Graph lines representing the stopping potential versus the incident light or UV frequency are shown below. The work functions of the metals are sodium (Na), 2.3 eV; iron (Fe), 4.7 eV; and platinum (Pt), 6.4 eV. Use Einstein's hypothesis of li ...
... • Light and UV radiation shine on three different metals. Graph lines representing the stopping potential versus the incident light or UV frequency are shown below. The work functions of the metals are sodium (Na), 2.3 eV; iron (Fe), 4.7 eV; and platinum (Pt), 6.4 eV. Use Einstein's hypothesis of li ...
L23
... when that energy is converted into other types of energy, then it starts to behave like a particle, in that it is absorbed in discrete chunks, called quanta. One quantum of light energy has the value E = hc, where is the wavenumber measured in m-1. It is not so clear that molecules, atoms, and el ...
... when that energy is converted into other types of energy, then it starts to behave like a particle, in that it is absorbed in discrete chunks, called quanta. One quantum of light energy has the value E = hc, where is the wavenumber measured in m-1. It is not so clear that molecules, atoms, and el ...
N 2
... The electron is pumped (excited) into an upper level E4 by some mechanism (for example, a collision with another atom or absorption of high-energy radiation). It then decays to E3, then to E2, and finally to the ground state E1. Let us assume that the time it takes to decay from E4 to E3 is much lon ...
... The electron is pumped (excited) into an upper level E4 by some mechanism (for example, a collision with another atom or absorption of high-energy radiation). It then decays to E3, then to E2, and finally to the ground state E1. Let us assume that the time it takes to decay from E4 to E3 is much lon ...
Unit 4-3 Noteguide Phsyics and Quantem Mechanical
... --EX: Neon Light in a gas tube --each specific frequency of visible light has its own particular color --when we use a prisim, we can see the frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into distinct lines = atomic emission spectrum --each line in the spectrum corresponds to 1 frequency of l ...
... --EX: Neon Light in a gas tube --each specific frequency of visible light has its own particular color --when we use a prisim, we can see the frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into distinct lines = atomic emission spectrum --each line in the spectrum corresponds to 1 frequency of l ...
The Wave
... Quantized Model of Light (Photons) • In 1900 Max Planck proposed that light energy comes in packets (quanta) spread at random on a wave front called PHOTONS. • He even doubted his idea since: It went against wave theory by saying that electromagnetic waves don't transmit energy continuously but in ...
... Quantized Model of Light (Photons) • In 1900 Max Planck proposed that light energy comes in packets (quanta) spread at random on a wave front called PHOTONS. • He even doubted his idea since: It went against wave theory by saying that electromagnetic waves don't transmit energy continuously but in ...
TRAJECTORIES OF LIGHT
... Scientists have tried to elucidate the nature of light since the beginning of times. Newton, in the seventeenth century, asserted that light was formed by very tiny corpuscles. Later on, Huygens stated that light was a wave, basing this affirmation on its undulatory characteristics; however a wave h ...
... Scientists have tried to elucidate the nature of light since the beginning of times. Newton, in the seventeenth century, asserted that light was formed by very tiny corpuscles. Later on, Huygens stated that light was a wave, basing this affirmation on its undulatory characteristics; however a wave h ...
Mar 11/02 Matter Waves
... in some small volume is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave’s electric field in that region • Postulate that light travels not as a stream of photons but as a probability wave • photons only manifest themselves when light interacts with matter • photons originate in the source th ...
... in some small volume is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave’s electric field in that region • Postulate that light travels not as a stream of photons but as a probability wave • photons only manifest themselves when light interacts with matter • photons originate in the source th ...
ExamView Pro
... e. reason why photons are emitted. 6. What is "excluded" by the Pauli exclusion principle? a. certain values of angular momentum. b. precise values of both position and momentum. c. electrons in the same quantum state. d. none of the above. ...
... e. reason why photons are emitted. 6. What is "excluded" by the Pauli exclusion principle? a. certain values of angular momentum. b. precise values of both position and momentum. c. electrons in the same quantum state. d. none of the above. ...
Blackbody Radiation and Planck`s Hypothesis of Quantized Energy
... This is even true if we have a particle beam so weak that only one particle is present at a time – we still see the diffraction pattern produced by constructive and destructive interference. Also, as the diffraction pattern builds, we cannot predict where any particular particle will land, although ...
... This is even true if we have a particle beam so weak that only one particle is present at a time – we still see the diffraction pattern produced by constructive and destructive interference. Also, as the diffraction pattern builds, we cannot predict where any particular particle will land, although ...
27-4 Photons Carry Momentum
... One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the photon model of light is an experiment involving light interacting with matter. When light of a particular frequency is incident on matter, the light can change both direction and frequency. The shift in frequency cannot be explained in terms of the w ...
... One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the photon model of light is an experiment involving light interacting with matter. When light of a particular frequency is incident on matter, the light can change both direction and frequency. The shift in frequency cannot be explained in terms of the w ...
AP Chemistry Cram Sheet #1
... f. The most prominent line in the spectrum of neon is found at 865.438 nm. Other lines are found at 837.761 nm, 878.062 nm, 878.438 nm, and 1885.387 nm. i. Which of these lines represents the most energetic light? ...
... f. The most prominent line in the spectrum of neon is found at 865.438 nm. Other lines are found at 837.761 nm, 878.062 nm, 878.438 nm, and 1885.387 nm. i. Which of these lines represents the most energetic light? ...
as a probability wave
... • Light source is so weak that it emits only one photon at a time at random intervals • interference fringes still build up • raises the question: if the photons move through the apparatus one at a time, through which slit does the photon pass? • How does a given photon know that there is another sl ...
... • Light source is so weak that it emits only one photon at a time at random intervals • interference fringes still build up • raises the question: if the photons move through the apparatus one at a time, through which slit does the photon pass? • How does a given photon know that there is another sl ...
The Compton Effect
... Photoelectric Current Number of electrons that move from a cathode to an anode in some time interval Current equation: I = q/t (charge is dependent upon the number of electrons being emitted) ...
... Photoelectric Current Number of electrons that move from a cathode to an anode in some time interval Current equation: I = q/t (charge is dependent upon the number of electrons being emitted) ...
22.2 Production of Electromagnetic Waves Oscillating charges will
... Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation The success of Maxwell’s Equation appeared to be clear proof that light was a wave phenomena, but we will see in Ch 27 that Einstein suggested that light had a dual naturesome experiments show wave properties and others show particle properties. •For wave propert ...
... Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation The success of Maxwell’s Equation appeared to be clear proof that light was a wave phenomena, but we will see in Ch 27 that Einstein suggested that light had a dual naturesome experiments show wave properties and others show particle properties. •For wave propert ...
Molecular or Stringy Photon, One or Few
... is meter. We can suppose this package as a mechanical mass i.e. photon or stringy with the length of c t and t=1. Electromagnetic waves show various behaviors when absorption, production and clash with the obstacle. For example, some of them are reflected by the atmosphere layers and some of them s ...
... is meter. We can suppose this package as a mechanical mass i.e. photon or stringy with the length of c t and t=1. Electromagnetic waves show various behaviors when absorption, production and clash with the obstacle. For example, some of them are reflected by the atmosphere layers and some of them s ...
Photon
A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force, even when static via virtual photons. The effects of this force are easily observable at the microscopic and at the macroscopic level, because the photon has zero rest mass; this allows long distance interactions. Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, exhibiting properties of waves and of particles. For example, a single photon may be refracted by a lens or exhibit wave interference with itself, but also act as a particle giving a definite result when its position is measured. Waves and quanta, being two observable aspects of a single phenomenon cannot have their true nature described in terms of any mechanical model. A representation of this dual property of light, which assumes certain points on the wave front to be the seat of the energy is also impossible. Thus, the quanta in a light wave cannot be spatially localized. Some defined physical parameters of a photon are listed. The modern photon concept was developed gradually by Albert Einstein in the first years of the 20th century to explain experimental observations that did not fit the classical wave model of light. In particular, the photon model accounted for the frequency dependence of light's energy, and explained the ability of matter and radiation to be in thermal equilibrium. It also accounted for anomalous observations, including the properties of black-body radiation, that other physicists, most notably Max Planck, had sought to explain using semiclassical models, in which light is still described by Maxwell's equations, but the material objects that emit and absorb light do so in amounts of energy that are quantized (i.e., they change energy only by certain particular discrete amounts and cannot change energy in any arbitrary way). Although these semiclassical models contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, many further experiments starting with Compton scattering of single photons by electrons, first observed in 1923, validated Einstein's hypothesis that light itself is quantized. In 1926 the optical physicist Frithiof Wolfers and the chemist Gilbert N. Lewis coined the name photon for these particles, and after 1927, when Arthur H. Compton won the Nobel Prize for his scattering studies, most scientists accepted the validity that quanta of light have an independent existence, and the term photon for light quanta was accepted.In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime. The intrinsic properties of particles, such as charge, mass and spin, are determined by the properties of this gauge symmetry.The photon concept has led to momentous advances in experimental and theoretical physics, such as lasers, Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum field theory, and the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. It has been applied to photochemistry, high-resolution microscopy, and measurements of molecular distances. Recently, photons have been studied as elements of quantum computers and for applications in optical imaging and optical communication such as quantum cryptography.