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photoelectric effect Work function
... frequency. The scattered wave has the same wavelength/frequency as the incident wave. The intensity of the scattered wave turns out to be independent of the frequency. Now consider scattering from a bound electron, an electron in an atom. This is treated in Griffiths’ book on Electrodynamics. The re ...
... frequency. The scattered wave has the same wavelength/frequency as the incident wave. The intensity of the scattered wave turns out to be independent of the frequency. Now consider scattering from a bound electron, an electron in an atom. This is treated in Griffiths’ book on Electrodynamics. The re ...
Quantum Physics I
... X-rays are produced whenever fast electrons are suddenly stopped. They turned out to be electromagnetic waves of extremely high frequency. ...
... X-rays are produced whenever fast electrons are suddenly stopped. They turned out to be electromagnetic waves of extremely high frequency. ...
Foundations, 2
... about the size of an atom. Be sure you understand all of the steps in the above equation string. (Historical comment: It is a wonderful bit of historical irony that two of the most important discoveries of 20th century physics occurred at Bell Labs in New Jersey––both by accident! In both cases the ...
... about the size of an atom. Be sure you understand all of the steps in the above equation string. (Historical comment: It is a wonderful bit of historical irony that two of the most important discoveries of 20th century physics occurred at Bell Labs in New Jersey––both by accident! In both cases the ...
Heisenberg`s uncertainty principle
... quantum mechanics shows that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and speed, cannot both be known to arbitrary precision: the more precisely one property is known, the less precisely the other can be known. This statement is known as the uncertainty principle. The uncertainty principl ...
... quantum mechanics shows that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and speed, cannot both be known to arbitrary precision: the more precisely one property is known, the less precisely the other can be known. This statement is known as the uncertainty principle. The uncertainty principl ...
Practice Problem Set #6
... 2. Place the following types of radiation in order of increasing energy per photon: a. yellow light from a sodium lamp b. x-rays from an instrument in a dentist’s office c. microwaves in a microwave oven d. your favorite FM music station at 91.7 MHz 3. The most prominent line in the spectrum of ...
... 2. Place the following types of radiation in order of increasing energy per photon: a. yellow light from a sodium lamp b. x-rays from an instrument in a dentist’s office c. microwaves in a microwave oven d. your favorite FM music station at 91.7 MHz 3. The most prominent line in the spectrum of ...
Solved Problems in the Quantum Theory of Light
... θ from the incident direction of the photon with momentum p0 = hc/λ0 . The electron scatters at an angle φ p from the incident direction of the photon with momentum pe and energy Ee = p2e c2 + m2 c4 . In the collision, energy is conserved: pc + me c2 = p0 c + Ee ...
... θ from the incident direction of the photon with momentum p0 = hc/λ0 . The electron scatters at an angle φ p from the incident direction of the photon with momentum pe and energy Ee = p2e c2 + m2 c4 . In the collision, energy is conserved: pc + me c2 = p0 c + Ee ...
(8.04) Spring 2005 Solutions to Problem Set 1
... Therefore, at a given power, for every X-ray photon, there are about 1011 radiofrequency photons. Assume that a relaxation time of a photon detector is about 1 ps (10−12 s). Our detector can detect a single photon if it arrives at the detector at a rate of 1 photon per 1 ps. This time scale determi ...
... Therefore, at a given power, for every X-ray photon, there are about 1011 radiofrequency photons. Assume that a relaxation time of a photon detector is about 1 ps (10−12 s). Our detector can detect a single photon if it arrives at the detector at a rate of 1 photon per 1 ps. This time scale determi ...
L35
... • The energy is proportional to the frequency or inversely proportional to the wavelength • Ephoton = h f, but c = f l so Ephoton = h c/l, • where h is a constant called Planck’s constant, and c is the speed of light • blue photons have more energy than red photons • Energy is absorbed or emitted in ...
... • The energy is proportional to the frequency or inversely proportional to the wavelength • Ephoton = h f, but c = f l so Ephoton = h c/l, • where h is a constant called Planck’s constant, and c is the speed of light • blue photons have more energy than red photons • Energy is absorbed or emitted in ...
Compton Effect and Spectral Lines
... 1) A photon of initial energy 5.8 103 eV is deflected by 130 in a collision with a free electron, which is initially at rest. What is the wavelength of the scattered photon? What energy (in eV) does the electron acquire in the collision? What is the velocity of the recoil electron? 2) An electron ...
... 1) A photon of initial energy 5.8 103 eV is deflected by 130 in a collision with a free electron, which is initially at rest. What is the wavelength of the scattered photon? What energy (in eV) does the electron acquire in the collision? What is the velocity of the recoil electron? 2) An electron ...
投影片 1
... What is the meaning of “frequency”, “waveelngth” for a single photon ? What is the meaning of “quantized energy” for a light wave ? How could we understand the interference effects between two light sources by photons ? ...
... What is the meaning of “frequency”, “waveelngth” for a single photon ? What is the meaning of “quantized energy” for a light wave ? How could we understand the interference effects between two light sources by photons ? ...
Spectrophotometry Chapter 18
... • The electrons of an atom have different energies. • Not all energies exist, only certain allowed energy levels. • Electrons with more energy are able to get farther away from the nucleus and its + charges. • Therefore, electrons in higher energy levels spend more time farther away from the nucleus ...
... • The electrons of an atom have different energies. • Not all energies exist, only certain allowed energy levels. • Electrons with more energy are able to get farther away from the nucleus and its + charges. • Therefore, electrons in higher energy levels spend more time farther away from the nucleus ...
Early Quantum Theory Powerpoint
... Since energy has to be a whole number multiple E nhf n – is a quantum number It is quantized – occurs in only discrete quantities ...
... Since energy has to be a whole number multiple E nhf n – is a quantum number It is quantized – occurs in only discrete quantities ...
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 27.1
... is shown here. The lines cannot be explained by the Rutherford theory. ...
... is shown here. The lines cannot be explained by the Rutherford theory. ...
Walker3_Lecture_Ch30
... This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permit ...
... This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permit ...
Read more - Consumer Physics
... Chapter one, where we meet our explorers As you might know the light we see has a split personality: on the one hand- it acts like a wave, and on the other hand the light is carried by particles- the photons. To get some intuition about the wavy nature of the light imagine yourself standing on the b ...
... Chapter one, where we meet our explorers As you might know the light we see has a split personality: on the one hand- it acts like a wave, and on the other hand the light is carried by particles- the photons. To get some intuition about the wavy nature of the light imagine yourself standing on the b ...
Laboratory Exercise: The Electronic Structure of the Hydrogen Atom
... In this laboratory exercise, we will probe the behavior of electrons within atoms using Emission Spectroscopy. In particular, we will focus on the behavior of the electron in the simplest atom, Hydrogen, and this atom's emission spectrum. For comparison, we will look at the emission spectrum of the ...
... In this laboratory exercise, we will probe the behavior of electrons within atoms using Emission Spectroscopy. In particular, we will focus on the behavior of the electron in the simplest atom, Hydrogen, and this atom's emission spectrum. For comparison, we will look at the emission spectrum of the ...
Photon momentum and uncertainty
... Resolution of an Optical Microscope Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle ...
... Resolution of an Optical Microscope Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle ...
Radiation Equilibrium (in Everything Including Direct Semiconductors)
... We solved a similar problem already when we looked at the distribution of electron energies in a piece of semiconductor with a certain volume V = L3; i.e. when we went through the free electron gas model. There is no reason why we should not follow the free electron gas model. We do not have to solv ...
... We solved a similar problem already when we looked at the distribution of electron energies in a piece of semiconductor with a certain volume V = L3; i.e. when we went through the free electron gas model. There is no reason why we should not follow the free electron gas model. We do not have to solv ...
Ion- an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or
... Excited electron- An electron in an atom that has absorbed some energy, which has put it into a higher energy state. An excited electron will usually decay back to its resting level and release of a packet of energy (a photon). Spectroscopy- The branch of science concerned with the investigation and ...
... Excited electron- An electron in an atom that has absorbed some energy, which has put it into a higher energy state. An excited electron will usually decay back to its resting level and release of a packet of energy (a photon). Spectroscopy- The branch of science concerned with the investigation and ...
Slide 1
... Photon gives all of its energy to the metal, (it disappears) which releases KE as the moving electron Energy of photon depends on the wavelength of light Ephoton = hv ...
... Photon gives all of its energy to the metal, (it disappears) which releases KE as the moving electron Energy of photon depends on the wavelength of light Ephoton = hv ...
Photon
A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force, even when static via virtual photons. The effects of this force are easily observable at the microscopic and at the macroscopic level, because the photon has zero rest mass; this allows long distance interactions. Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, exhibiting properties of waves and of particles. For example, a single photon may be refracted by a lens or exhibit wave interference with itself, but also act as a particle giving a definite result when its position is measured. Waves and quanta, being two observable aspects of a single phenomenon cannot have their true nature described in terms of any mechanical model. A representation of this dual property of light, which assumes certain points on the wave front to be the seat of the energy is also impossible. Thus, the quanta in a light wave cannot be spatially localized. Some defined physical parameters of a photon are listed. The modern photon concept was developed gradually by Albert Einstein in the first years of the 20th century to explain experimental observations that did not fit the classical wave model of light. In particular, the photon model accounted for the frequency dependence of light's energy, and explained the ability of matter and radiation to be in thermal equilibrium. It also accounted for anomalous observations, including the properties of black-body radiation, that other physicists, most notably Max Planck, had sought to explain using semiclassical models, in which light is still described by Maxwell's equations, but the material objects that emit and absorb light do so in amounts of energy that are quantized (i.e., they change energy only by certain particular discrete amounts and cannot change energy in any arbitrary way). Although these semiclassical models contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, many further experiments starting with Compton scattering of single photons by electrons, first observed in 1923, validated Einstein's hypothesis that light itself is quantized. In 1926 the optical physicist Frithiof Wolfers and the chemist Gilbert N. Lewis coined the name photon for these particles, and after 1927, when Arthur H. Compton won the Nobel Prize for his scattering studies, most scientists accepted the validity that quanta of light have an independent existence, and the term photon for light quanta was accepted.In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime. The intrinsic properties of particles, such as charge, mass and spin, are determined by the properties of this gauge symmetry.The photon concept has led to momentous advances in experimental and theoretical physics, such as lasers, Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum field theory, and the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. It has been applied to photochemistry, high-resolution microscopy, and measurements of molecular distances. Recently, photons have been studied as elements of quantum computers and for applications in optical imaging and optical communication such as quantum cryptography.