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BARTH SYNDROME: CARDIOLIPIN ALTERATIONS LINKED TO
BARTH SYNDROME: CARDIOLIPIN ALTERATIONS LINKED TO

... Using Barth syndrome patient-derived cells and HeLa cells in which tafazzin was knocked down, we show that cardiolipin is required for apoptosis. Cardiolipin provides an anchor and activating platform for caspase8 translocation to, and embedding in, the mitochondrial membrane3. Consistent with a key ...
投影片 1
投影片 1

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FERM domain proteins
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Full version (PDF file)

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ABSTRACT - University of Colorado
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... College: Sciences and Humanities Date: December 2015 Pages: 23 This paper will examine P53, a gene that can be mutated into an oncogenic form that can cause extensive cellular damage. Such mutations can induce a loss of cell cycle control and promote abnormal cellular growth resulting in tumor forma ...
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Apoptosome



The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.
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