Human Diseases Associated with Form and Function of the Golgi
... cell, this organelle also lies at the heart of the trafficking routes running through the endomembrane system. In the case of the secretory pathway it both receives newly synthesized proteins from the ER, and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell sur ...
... cell, this organelle also lies at the heart of the trafficking routes running through the endomembrane system. In the case of the secretory pathway it both receives newly synthesized proteins from the ER, and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell sur ...
Organelle communication - Repositorio Académico
... between the ER and mitochondria. For example, Mfn2 silencing causes a loss of ER–mitochondria interaction sites, alterations in Ca2+ signaling, and both ER and mitochondrial dysfunction. These disturbances lead to the engagement of stress signals such as hydrogen peroxide elevation, JNK activation a ...
... between the ER and mitochondria. For example, Mfn2 silencing causes a loss of ER–mitochondria interaction sites, alterations in Ca2+ signaling, and both ER and mitochondrial dysfunction. These disturbances lead to the engagement of stress signals such as hydrogen peroxide elevation, JNK activation a ...
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53dependent apoptosis
... To introduce the mutations at residues 25±26 of mouse p53 (corresponding to residues 22±23 of human p53), a mouse p53 genomic fragment containing exons 2±6 was isolated from a mouse genomic library, subcloned into pBluescript SK and mapped by restriction enzyme digestions. Recombinant methods and si ...
... To introduce the mutations at residues 25±26 of mouse p53 (corresponding to residues 22±23 of human p53), a mouse p53 genomic fragment containing exons 2±6 was isolated from a mouse genomic library, subcloned into pBluescript SK and mapped by restriction enzyme digestions. Recombinant methods and si ...
The Methylosome, a 20S Complex Containing JBP1 and pICln
... in vivo. SMN binds preferentially and directly to the symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA)-modified arginineand glycine-rich (RG-rich) domains of SmD1 and SmD3. We found that the unmodified, but not the sDMAmodified, RG domains of SmD1 and SmD3 associate with a 20S methyltransferase complex, termed t ...
... in vivo. SMN binds preferentially and directly to the symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA)-modified arginineand glycine-rich (RG-rich) domains of SmD1 and SmD3. We found that the unmodified, but not the sDMAmodified, RG domains of SmD1 and SmD3 associate with a 20S methyltransferase complex, termed t ...
The human RNA-binding protein RBFA promotes the maturation of
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
Materials - HAL
... homotypic and heterotypic interaction between their N- and C-terminal ends masking several sites involved in the binding of membrane proteins and actin. Such interactions are regulated by tyrosine or threonine phosphorylation but also by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) (for review, ...
... homotypic and heterotypic interaction between their N- and C-terminal ends masking several sites involved in the binding of membrane proteins and actin. Such interactions are regulated by tyrosine or threonine phosphorylation but also by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) (for review, ...
Essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in the development of
... family and is expressed in various cells and tissues (1). Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the TNF family, binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. FasL is expressed predominantly in activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (2). FasL is ...
... family and is expressed in various cells and tissues (1). Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the TNF family, binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. FasL is expressed predominantly in activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (2). FasL is ...
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutations in the ND6 subunit of
... For membrane preparation, a colony from a fresh transformation plate was grown overnight in LB (Luria–Bertani) medium in the presence of streptomycin, ampicillin and 1 % arabinose and diluted 1:100 in fresh LB medium supplemented with streptomycin and ampicillin. After 6–8 h of cultivation, a fracti ...
... For membrane preparation, a colony from a fresh transformation plate was grown overnight in LB (Luria–Bertani) medium in the presence of streptomycin, ampicillin and 1 % arabinose and diluted 1:100 in fresh LB medium supplemented with streptomycin and ampicillin. After 6–8 h of cultivation, a fracti ...
Lipid transfer and metabolism across the endolysosomal
... between the two organelles, modulating Ca2+ fluxes and/or signaling [17,18]. Furthermore, not only secretory lysosomes, specialized organelles of hematopoietic cells, but also conventional lysosomes in many ...
... between the two organelles, modulating Ca2+ fluxes and/or signaling [17,18]. Furthermore, not only secretory lysosomes, specialized organelles of hematopoietic cells, but also conventional lysosomes in many ...
Structural Basis for Bivalent Smac-Mimetics Recognition in the IAP
... The apoptotic process involves a cascade of events that inactivate critical survival pathways in multicellular organisms.1 Inhibition of apoptosis can prevent physiological cell death, thus contributing to the development and progression of tumor malignancy.2 Apoptosis initiation and execution phase ...
... The apoptotic process involves a cascade of events that inactivate critical survival pathways in multicellular organisms.1 Inhibition of apoptosis can prevent physiological cell death, thus contributing to the development and progression of tumor malignancy.2 Apoptosis initiation and execution phase ...
Myc Requires Distinct E2F Activities to Induce S Phase
... since a series of Myc binding sites are essential for this induction as well as for the normal induction of E2F2 and E2F3 expression following serum stimulation (Sears et al., 1997; Adams et al., 2000). The fact that Myc and E2F genes share functional properties, including their roles in activating ...
... since a series of Myc binding sites are essential for this induction as well as for the normal induction of E2F2 and E2F3 expression following serum stimulation (Sears et al., 1997; Adams et al., 2000). The fact that Myc and E2F genes share functional properties, including their roles in activating ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... final stage of apoptosis, the cell packages its remaining contents into small vesicles, known as apoptotic bodies, that can be easily engulfed by phagocytic cells for degradation (Kerr et al. 1972). This carefully contained process can be triggered by both extracellular (extrinsic pathway) and intra ...
... final stage of apoptosis, the cell packages its remaining contents into small vesicles, known as apoptotic bodies, that can be easily engulfed by phagocytic cells for degradation (Kerr et al. 1972). This carefully contained process can be triggered by both extracellular (extrinsic pathway) and intra ...
Conclusion Presynaptic Neuron Postsynaptic Neuron
... The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a role in diverse disorders such as anxiety, addiction, eating and memory disorders. The ECS is found throughout the body and consists of two lipid signaling molecules, N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their target receptor ...
... The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a role in diverse disorders such as anxiety, addiction, eating and memory disorders. The ECS is found throughout the body and consists of two lipid signaling molecules, N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their target receptor ...
The structural biology of the amyloid precursor protein
... 488 I. Coburger et al.: Multi-domain structure of APP Considering the function of the entire APP-protein and its involvement in the aetiology of AD, it is essential to know how these structural and functional segments form and act within the context of the entire protein and within the cellula ...
... 488 I. Coburger et al.: Multi-domain structure of APP Considering the function of the entire APP-protein and its involvement in the aetiology of AD, it is essential to know how these structural and functional segments form and act within the context of the entire protein and within the cellula ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
... protein complex containing multiple β-cateninbinding domains. Since DLG5 can interact with N-cadherin and β-catenin of apical junctional adhesion complexes, the protein complex formed by DLG5 oligomerization can scaffold and stabilize cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes at the plasma membrane [22]. ...
... protein complex containing multiple β-cateninbinding domains. Since DLG5 can interact with N-cadherin and β-catenin of apical junctional adhesion complexes, the protein complex formed by DLG5 oligomerization can scaffold and stabilize cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes at the plasma membrane [22]. ...
Metabolic Pathways
... • Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones. • This results in the release of energy. • Respiration is an example of a catabolic pathway as glucose is broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water and ATP. ...
... • Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones. • This results in the release of energy. • Respiration is an example of a catabolic pathway as glucose is broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water and ATP. ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
... elegans and Drosophila have only one CED-12 protein, mammals possess three orthologues of ELMO (ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3) and numerous Dock family proteins (Cote and Vuori, 2002; Meller et al., 2005), some of which also interact with ELMO1 (Lu et al., 2004). ELMO proteins tend to have an overlapping t ...
... elegans and Drosophila have only one CED-12 protein, mammals possess three orthologues of ELMO (ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3) and numerous Dock family proteins (Cote and Vuori, 2002; Meller et al., 2005), some of which also interact with ELMO1 (Lu et al., 2004). ELMO proteins tend to have an overlapping t ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... the protein 4.1/FERM superfamily Witold Diakowski, Micha³ Grzybek and Aleksander F. Sikorski Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, Poland Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. T ...
... the protein 4.1/FERM superfamily Witold Diakowski, Micha³ Grzybek and Aleksander F. Sikorski Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc³aw, Wroc³aw, Poland Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. T ...
Mitochondrial protein import: from transport pathways to an
... both carrier precursors and presequence-carrying precursors, and then the two pathways diverge. The hydrophobic carrier precursors are transferred through the intermembrane space by the Tim9-Tim10 chaperone complex (small TIM chaperone) and are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translo ...
... both carrier precursors and presequence-carrying precursors, and then the two pathways diverge. The hydrophobic carrier precursors are transferred through the intermembrane space by the Tim9-Tim10 chaperone complex (small TIM chaperone) and are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translo ...
Evidence for inducible recruitment of Wiskott
... F-actin formation by WASp relies on two processes: the recruitment of WASp to the SLP-76 signalling complex and the activation of WASp by the Rho family GTPase Cdc42.30 Thus, it has been suggested that the recruitment of WASp to the plasma membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, ...
... F-actin formation by WASp relies on two processes: the recruitment of WASp to the SLP-76 signalling complex and the activation of WASp by the Rho family GTPase Cdc42.30 Thus, it has been suggested that the recruitment of WASp to the plasma membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, ...
Heart Failure and Protein Quality Control
... (MuRF) proteins are the other known major family of E3 proteins involved in muscle protein degradation,33,34 and MuRF1 is a ubiquitin E3 for troponin I.35 Interestingly, MuRF1 can also inhibit protein kinase C activation and prevent phenylephrine- and 4-phorbol myristate 13-acetate– induced, but no ...
... (MuRF) proteins are the other known major family of E3 proteins involved in muscle protein degradation,33,34 and MuRF1 is a ubiquitin E3 for troponin I.35 Interestingly, MuRF1 can also inhibit protein kinase C activation and prevent phenylephrine- and 4-phorbol myristate 13-acetate– induced, but no ...
NLR functions in plant and animal immune systems: so far and yet
... are normally activated by conserved microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, whereas plant NLRs typically detect strainspecific pathogen effectors. Plant NLRs recognize either the effector structure or effector-mediated modifications of host proteins. The latter indirect mechanism for the p ...
... are normally activated by conserved microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, whereas plant NLRs typically detect strainspecific pathogen effectors. Plant NLRs recognize either the effector structure or effector-mediated modifications of host proteins. The latter indirect mechanism for the p ...
The role of cytosolic proteins in the insertion of tail
... nascent chain to the Sec61 protein-conducting channel (Rapoport, 2007). The well characterized co-translational pathway is, however, not accessible to the large and diverse group of membrane proteins that are classified as tail-anchored (TA) proteins. TA proteins consist of a cytosolic N-terminal do ...
... nascent chain to the Sec61 protein-conducting channel (Rapoport, 2007). The well characterized co-translational pathway is, however, not accessible to the large and diverse group of membrane proteins that are classified as tail-anchored (TA) proteins. TA proteins consist of a cytosolic N-terminal do ...
Functional Analysis of Subunit e of the F1Fo
... predicted coiled-coil motif, which spans residues 27 to 57. The coiled-coil region is compromised and completely deleted in the Su e⌬C50HA and Su e⌬C60HA derivatives, respectively (Fig. 1B). Thus, the most extreme deletion, the Su e⌬C60HA derivative, is composed of only the initial 36 amino acid res ...
... predicted coiled-coil motif, which spans residues 27 to 57. The coiled-coil region is compromised and completely deleted in the Su e⌬C50HA and Su e⌬C60HA derivatives, respectively (Fig. 1B). Thus, the most extreme deletion, the Su e⌬C60HA derivative, is composed of only the initial 36 amino acid res ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.