Alterations in oxidative phosphorylation complex proteins in the
... observed protection. Consistent with this hypothesis were several studies demonstrating that MKK6 transgenic mouse hearts showed increased expression of protective, known p38-regulated proteins (10, 25). However, it is also possible that many other proteins that are not currently known to be p38 reg ...
... observed protection. Consistent with this hypothesis were several studies demonstrating that MKK6 transgenic mouse hearts showed increased expression of protective, known p38-regulated proteins (10, 25). However, it is also possible that many other proteins that are not currently known to be p38 reg ...
Extended Survivability of Prostate Cancer Cells
... performed to investigate the interrelationship among the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of various types of prostate cells. Recently, a series of normal (NHP2), BPH, and PCA prostate cultures have been established and characterized (37). In this study, we took advantage of these primary cult ...
... performed to investigate the interrelationship among the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of various types of prostate cells. Recently, a series of normal (NHP2), BPH, and PCA prostate cultures have been established and characterized (37). In this study, we took advantage of these primary cult ...
Scaffold nucleoporins Nup188 and Nup192 share
... To determine the structure of Nup188 we first expressed full-length protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (Mt) (Berka et al., 2011). Although the Mt homolog behaved better in vitro, it did not yield crystals of the full-length protein. Usin ...
... To determine the structure of Nup188 we first expressed full-length protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (Mt) (Berka et al., 2011). Although the Mt homolog behaved better in vitro, it did not yield crystals of the full-length protein. Usin ...
ChChd3, an Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Protein, Is
... the inner membrane (IM) and intermembrane space (IMS), have been identified as key modulators for mitochondrial fusion (4). On the other hand, the large GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1/DLP1/DNM1) (5) along with fission protein 1 homolog (FIS1) (6) on the OM have been well characterized as the ...
... the inner membrane (IM) and intermembrane space (IMS), have been identified as key modulators for mitochondrial fusion (4). On the other hand, the large GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1/DLP1/DNM1) (5) along with fission protein 1 homolog (FIS1) (6) on the OM have been well characterized as the ...
Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes: From Structure to Activity
... cytotoxic activity against malignant glioblastoma RT2 and T98 cell lines of 2-pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazone, of its N4-methyl and N4-ethyl derivatives and of their gallium(III) complexes. All these compounds were able to induce cell death by apoptosis also on cell that are resistant to gallium ...
... cytotoxic activity against malignant glioblastoma RT2 and T98 cell lines of 2-pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazone, of its N4-methyl and N4-ethyl derivatives and of their gallium(III) complexes. All these compounds were able to induce cell death by apoptosis also on cell that are resistant to gallium ...
Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Scenedesmus spp. Cultured
... I medium strongly inhibited CYP 1A1 activity. These results show that Scenedesmus spp. in KEP I medium has cancer chemopreventive potential and may be a candidate for further development as a chemopreventive agent. Key words: Scenedesmus, cancer chemoprevention, quinone reductase, glutathione S-tran ...
... I medium strongly inhibited CYP 1A1 activity. These results show that Scenedesmus spp. in KEP I medium has cancer chemopreventive potential and may be a candidate for further development as a chemopreventive agent. Key words: Scenedesmus, cancer chemoprevention, quinone reductase, glutathione S-tran ...
Gene Section ADAM12 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha))
... intestine, bladder, stomach. In prostate, uterus, colon, small intestine, bladder, stomach, the source of ADAM-12 may be the smooth muscle cells. ADAM-12 is also expressed by activated hepatic stellate cells (LePabic et al, 2003). ADAM-12 is present in higher amounts in maternal serum during pregnan ...
... intestine, bladder, stomach. In prostate, uterus, colon, small intestine, bladder, stomach, the source of ADAM-12 may be the smooth muscle cells. ADAM-12 is also expressed by activated hepatic stellate cells (LePabic et al, 2003). ADAM-12 is present in higher amounts in maternal serum during pregnan ...
Overexpression of yeast karyopherin Pse1p/Kap121p stimulates the
... nuclear genome, translated in the cytoplasm, and translocated into the organelle. However, all the mitochondrial genomes known so far always contain two genes, coding for apocytochrome b and for the subunit I of cytochrome oxidase. This speci®c feature suggests that the mitochondrial import machiner ...
... nuclear genome, translated in the cytoplasm, and translocated into the organelle. However, all the mitochondrial genomes known so far always contain two genes, coding for apocytochrome b and for the subunit I of cytochrome oxidase. This speci®c feature suggests that the mitochondrial import machiner ...
Phosphorylation of eIF2α in response to 26S proteasome inhibition
... 2 or 4 h profoundly decreased protein synthesis [9]. Similarly, Mimnaugh et al. [10] have also shown that the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, decreased the synthesis of most cellular proteins, while it specifically induced the synthesis of stress proteins Hsp72 (heat-shock protein 72) and Hsp90 i ...
... 2 or 4 h profoundly decreased protein synthesis [9]. Similarly, Mimnaugh et al. [10] have also shown that the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, decreased the synthesis of most cellular proteins, while it specifically induced the synthesis of stress proteins Hsp72 (heat-shock protein 72) and Hsp90 i ...
Molecular Chaperones - Cellular Machines for Protein Folding
... structure, which resembles a barrel open at both ends.[26, 27] Fourteen subunits are assembled in two seven-membered rings, which form two separate cavities with a diameter of 45 ä (Figures 2 A and B). The GroEL subunits can be dissected into three domains. The equatorial domains comprise the center ...
... structure, which resembles a barrel open at both ends.[26, 27] Fourteen subunits are assembled in two seven-membered rings, which form two separate cavities with a diameter of 45 ä (Figures 2 A and B). The GroEL subunits can be dissected into three domains. The equatorial domains comprise the center ...
The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
... The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. ATP transports chemical energy within cells. ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processe ...
... The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. ATP transports chemical energy within cells. ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processe ...
Pathology - specific Gene Discovery Program
... • Represent a structure by its potential behavior = by the process in which it can participate ...
... • Represent a structure by its potential behavior = by the process in which it can participate ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have also been shown to contain a subunit that is similar to the PRAT family proteins, namely, N. crassa 21.3b (GenBank/P25710), human NDUFA11, and C. reinhardtii v2.0/C_180167 (GenBank/AAS58499) (Nehls et al., 1991; Carroll et al., 2002; Murray et al., 2003). In Arabidopsi ...
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have also been shown to contain a subunit that is similar to the PRAT family proteins, namely, N. crassa 21.3b (GenBank/P25710), human NDUFA11, and C. reinhardtii v2.0/C_180167 (GenBank/AAS58499) (Nehls et al., 1991; Carroll et al., 2002; Murray et al., 2003). In Arabidopsi ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation
... information from nucleic acids to proteins, they are thought to have emerged early in evolution and to be structurally highly tailored to specific recognition of substrate amino acids and tRNAs. Although the catalytic activities of these enzymes represent their essential role in maintenance of cell ...
... information from nucleic acids to proteins, they are thought to have emerged early in evolution and to be structurally highly tailored to specific recognition of substrate amino acids and tRNAs. Although the catalytic activities of these enzymes represent their essential role in maintenance of cell ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... domains (TMD), and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (Figure 1). Eighteen a and eight b subunits come together to form 24 different integrin heterodimers. Integrin a-subunits come in two flavors, either with or without an inserted or aI domain. In aI-less integrins, the ligand-binding site is formed at ...
... domains (TMD), and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (Figure 1). Eighteen a and eight b subunits come together to form 24 different integrin heterodimers. Integrin a-subunits come in two flavors, either with or without an inserted or aI domain. In aI-less integrins, the ligand-binding site is formed at ...
Electrophilic Affibodies Forming Covalent Bonds to Protein Targets*DS
... formed an extremely stable complex with an endogenous protein target. However, complex formation only proceeded to 10% completion, while the specificity of the reaction in complex biological systems has not been demonstrated (19). Here, instead of an antibody, we employ an affibody, a robust low mol ...
... formed an extremely stable complex with an endogenous protein target. However, complex formation only proceeded to 10% completion, while the specificity of the reaction in complex biological systems has not been demonstrated (19). Here, instead of an antibody, we employ an affibody, a robust low mol ...
by Professor Dan Burke, September 2007 The claim that CYP1B1 is
... fact that the mRNA for CYP1B1 is expressed both in cancer and normal cells, and, despite ample evidence to the contrary, some scientists have erroneously assumed that where there is CYP1B1 mRNA then CYP1B1 protein must inexorably follow.(2, 12) This confusion will now hopefully be laid to rest by th ...
... fact that the mRNA for CYP1B1 is expressed both in cancer and normal cells, and, despite ample evidence to the contrary, some scientists have erroneously assumed that where there is CYP1B1 mRNA then CYP1B1 protein must inexorably follow.(2, 12) This confusion will now hopefully be laid to rest by th ...
Bacterial second messengers, cGMP and cdiGMP, in a quest for
... XC_0249, purified it, and determined that it binds to cGMP with high affinity (Kd B0.3 mM), much better than cAMP (Kd B18 mM). Phenotypically, the XC_0250 and XC_0249 mutants were similarly impaired in biofilm formation and virulence. This suggested that they are part of the same signalling pathway, wi ...
... XC_0249, purified it, and determined that it binds to cGMP with high affinity (Kd B0.3 mM), much better than cAMP (Kd B18 mM). Phenotypically, the XC_0250 and XC_0249 mutants were similarly impaired in biofilm formation and virulence. This suggested that they are part of the same signalling pathway, wi ...
trisphosphate specifically interacts with the phox homology domain
... cell survival (Stephens et al., 1998). However, PtdInsspecific cellular functions, especially PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-induced molecular activation and signaling events, are not fully understood. The Phox homology (PX) domain is named after its presence in the p40phox and p47phox subunits of the NADPH oxidas ...
... cell survival (Stephens et al., 1998). However, PtdInsspecific cellular functions, especially PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-induced molecular activation and signaling events, are not fully understood. The Phox homology (PX) domain is named after its presence in the p40phox and p47phox subunits of the NADPH oxidas ...
- Mochtar Riady Institute
... dysfunctional. This leads to the suppression of T- and B-cells response [3]. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs and are important for the initiation of the immune response against pathogens and tumors. In an in vitro experiment, Um et al. (2004) ...
... dysfunctional. This leads to the suppression of T- and B-cells response [3]. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs and are important for the initiation of the immune response against pathogens and tumors. In an in vitro experiment, Um et al. (2004) ...
Functional Anthology of Intrinsic Disorder. 1. Biological Processes
... view of intrinsic disorder.6 More detailed analysis of extended disordered proteins/regions revealed that they can be further divided into two groups, random coil-like and pre-molten globule-like conformations.7 Recently, more than 150 proteins have been identified as containing functional disordere ...
... view of intrinsic disorder.6 More detailed analysis of extended disordered proteins/regions revealed that they can be further divided into two groups, random coil-like and pre-molten globule-like conformations.7 Recently, more than 150 proteins have been identified as containing functional disordere ...
as a PDF
... active only when they have been dissociated from dimers into monomers (Figure 2). The wedge of RPTPαD1 is formed from a helix-turn-helix segment in the Nterminal segment of each monomer. The interhelical angle is ~80º, forming a wedge that inserts into the catalytic cleft of the opposing monomer. Hy ...
... active only when they have been dissociated from dimers into monomers (Figure 2). The wedge of RPTPαD1 is formed from a helix-turn-helix segment in the Nterminal segment of each monomer. The interhelical angle is ~80º, forming a wedge that inserts into the catalytic cleft of the opposing monomer. Hy ...
The role of AMPK and CREB-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial
... activity was found to be increased in these clones. However, AMPKα1-CA and dominant negative AMPKα constructs did not change cytochrome c promoter activity in reporter gene assays, total AMPK activity was unchanged during muscle differentiation suggesting that it is not involved in the regulation of ...
... activity was found to be increased in these clones. However, AMPKα1-CA and dominant negative AMPKα constructs did not change cytochrome c promoter activity in reporter gene assays, total AMPK activity was unchanged during muscle differentiation suggesting that it is not involved in the regulation of ...
Interpretation of bafilomycin, pH neutralizing or protease inhibitor
... autophagy-related structures alone is an inadequate measure of autophagic degradation activity (flux), as increased autophagosome numbers can reflect both their accelerated generation or decreased clearence. Similarly, the number and size of autolysosomes depend on both ’input’: material delivered b ...
... autophagy-related structures alone is an inadequate measure of autophagic degradation activity (flux), as increased autophagosome numbers can reflect both their accelerated generation or decreased clearence. Similarly, the number and size of autolysosomes depend on both ’input’: material delivered b ...
A brief history of ATP
... To take a molecular snapshot, he would have to purify large quantities of the enzyme, make a crystal, and then interrogate its structure with X-rays. When he confided with colleagues about his plans, a few thought that he was crazy. The reason for their scepticism lay in the baroque complexity of AT ...
... To take a molecular snapshot, he would have to purify large quantities of the enzyme, make a crystal, and then interrogate its structure with X-rays. When he confided with colleagues about his plans, a few thought that he was crazy. The reason for their scepticism lay in the baroque complexity of AT ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.