Initiation of Innate Immune Responses in the
... The activation of the humoral immune system is contributed by several reactions such as proteolytic cascades leading to blood clotting, melanin formation, opsonization, and a transient synthesis of potent antibacterial peptides (Hoffmann et al., 1999) The clotting system is an important reaction in ...
... The activation of the humoral immune system is contributed by several reactions such as proteolytic cascades leading to blood clotting, melanin formation, opsonization, and a transient synthesis of potent antibacterial peptides (Hoffmann et al., 1999) The clotting system is an important reaction in ...
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... moles of the ADP/ATP carrier, suggesting a dimeric organization of the carrier. These results were later confirmed by other physico-chemical and biophysical analyses. Analytical centrifugation and small-angle scattering experiments suggested a dimeric organization of the protein in detergent micelle ...
... moles of the ADP/ATP carrier, suggesting a dimeric organization of the carrier. These results were later confirmed by other physico-chemical and biophysical analyses. Analytical centrifugation and small-angle scattering experiments suggested a dimeric organization of the protein in detergent micelle ...
The rhythm of protein synthesis does not depend on oscillations of
... leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucine and treated with cold 5% perchloric acid for 90 min. Then the monolayer was washed with ethyl alcohol and the proteins we ...
... leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucine and treated with cold 5% perchloric acid for 90 min. Then the monolayer was washed with ethyl alcohol and the proteins we ...
Nup153 is an M9containing mobile nucleoporin with a novel
... M9 nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and identified a short region within the N-terminus of the nucleoporin Nup153 which binds TRN1. Nup153 is located at the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), in the distal basket structure, and functions in mRNA export. We show that this Nup15 ...
... M9 nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and identified a short region within the N-terminus of the nucleoporin Nup153 which binds TRN1. Nup153 is located at the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), in the distal basket structure, and functions in mRNA export. We show that this Nup15 ...
Domain conservation in several volvocalean cell wall - UvA-DARE
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
Defining the impact on yeast ATP synthase of two pathogenic
... the abundance of this complex was almost normal in the atp6-S250P mutant, as revealed by BN-PAGE analysis of mitochondrial protein digitonin-extracts (Fig. 2A). 3.2.2. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. We analyzed further the influence of the atp6S250P and atp6-L252P mutations by measuring the ...
... the abundance of this complex was almost normal in the atp6-S250P mutant, as revealed by BN-PAGE analysis of mitochondrial protein digitonin-extracts (Fig. 2A). 3.2.2. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. We analyzed further the influence of the atp6S250P and atp6-L252P mutations by measuring the ...
Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and
... mitochondria. Emerging evidence indicates that coordination between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is essential for proper mitochondrial homeostasis. Several molecules have been implicated in the fine-tuning of coordination. Sirtuins modulate energy metabolism and longevity through their fun ...
... mitochondria. Emerging evidence indicates that coordination between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is essential for proper mitochondrial homeostasis. Several molecules have been implicated in the fine-tuning of coordination. Sirtuins modulate energy metabolism and longevity through their fun ...
Adenovirus Overrides Cellular Checkpoints for Protein Translation
... we have been unable to detect any binding at all, of either wild type or mutant E4-ORF4, to endogenous c-Src. These data suggest that the ability of E4-ORF4 to activate mTOR is most likely through its binding and modulation of the regulatory B subunit of PP2A. Thus, E4-ORF4 may reveal a novel role f ...
... we have been unable to detect any binding at all, of either wild type or mutant E4-ORF4, to endogenous c-Src. These data suggest that the ability of E4-ORF4 to activate mTOR is most likely through its binding and modulation of the regulatory B subunit of PP2A. Thus, E4-ORF4 may reveal a novel role f ...
Chapter 1 Literature Review
... evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α, as well as DNA binding of NF-κB was enhanced by all ...
... evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α, as well as DNA binding of NF-κB was enhanced by all ...
Two Domains of the Human bZIP Transcription Factor
... from an internal methionine cluster to yield a short isoform of 447 amino acids (originally described as LCR-F1 (11)). Fulllength TCF11 ranges from 728 to 772 amino acids depending on alternative splicing within an acidic N-terminal domain (1). Second, dimerization with different partners may alter ...
... from an internal methionine cluster to yield a short isoform of 447 amino acids (originally described as LCR-F1 (11)). Fulllength TCF11 ranges from 728 to 772 amino acids depending on alternative splicing within an acidic N-terminal domain (1). Second, dimerization with different partners may alter ...
Evaluating Surface Cleanliness
... Visual assessment is among the most common, and the most inaccurate as microbes are invisible to the human eye. Lab tests of cultures is the most accurate and specific (microbes can be identified by type), but can take up to a week for results to be published. What are the benefits of ATP testing? ...
... Visual assessment is among the most common, and the most inaccurate as microbes are invisible to the human eye. Lab tests of cultures is the most accurate and specific (microbes can be identified by type), but can take up to a week for results to be published. What are the benefits of ATP testing? ...
The scs Boundary Element: Characterization of Boundary Element
... elements used to define boundaries of many normal domains. On the other hand, su(Hw)-mediated boundary activity has ...
... elements used to define boundaries of many normal domains. On the other hand, su(Hw)-mediated boundary activity has ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... Autophagy is a nonspecific degradative process and is used to deliver bulk cytoplasmic components to the vacuole. In contrast, the Cvt pathway is biosynthetic and selects specific cargo components for transport. Two hydrolases are known to use this route: Ape1 (58) and ␣-mannosidase (Ams1) (38). Aft ...
... Autophagy is a nonspecific degradative process and is used to deliver bulk cytoplasmic components to the vacuole. In contrast, the Cvt pathway is biosynthetic and selects specific cargo components for transport. Two hydrolases are known to use this route: Ape1 (58) and ␣-mannosidase (Ams1) (38). Aft ...
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... appears to be sufficient for tumorigenesis, which indicates that Rb might not have anti-apoptotic activity in all tissues and that its role in apoptosis might therefore be tissue-specific (reviewed by Sherr and McCormick, 2002). The genetic analysis of the role of mammalian Rb in apoptosis has been ...
... appears to be sufficient for tumorigenesis, which indicates that Rb might not have anti-apoptotic activity in all tissues and that its role in apoptosis might therefore be tissue-specific (reviewed by Sherr and McCormick, 2002). The genetic analysis of the role of mammalian Rb in apoptosis has been ...
Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE)
... placement point mutations of each of the Thr residues (Thr-317, -319, -328, -329, and -322) in DGFc334 (Fig. S1B). Surprisingly, none of the single point mutations resulted in a dramatic change in LARGE-dependent glycosylation, although T317A and T319A each showed a slight reduction of both IIH6 rea ...
... placement point mutations of each of the Thr residues (Thr-317, -319, -328, -329, and -322) in DGFc334 (Fig. S1B). Surprisingly, none of the single point mutations resulted in a dramatic change in LARGE-dependent glycosylation, although T317A and T319A each showed a slight reduction of both IIH6 rea ...
Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of O
... and a large decrease in mitotic index after DFO treatment. In addition, we found that TRX induced accumulation of cells in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle whereas DFO arrested cells in G1 and during progression through S phase. These data suggest that the partial inhibition of DNA replication ...
... and a large decrease in mitotic index after DFO treatment. In addition, we found that TRX induced accumulation of cells in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle whereas DFO arrested cells in G1 and during progression through S phase. These data suggest that the partial inhibition of DNA replication ...
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion
... common and best described form of this type of cell death (programmed cell death) is apoptosis (Kerr et al, 1972), which can occur either from developmentally controlled activation of an endogenous suicide programme (Ellis et al, 1991; Kerr et al, 1974; Lockshin et al, 1991) or from transduction of ...
... common and best described form of this type of cell death (programmed cell death) is apoptosis (Kerr et al, 1972), which can occur either from developmentally controlled activation of an endogenous suicide programme (Ellis et al, 1991; Kerr et al, 1974; Lockshin et al, 1991) or from transduction of ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... be mentioned that there is no perfect consensus sequence for an androgen response element in the bcl-2 gene sequence (28), thus suggesting that the mechanism(s) by which androgens regulate Bcl-2 expression may involve an indirect pathway(s). The relatively long period of exposure to DHT that is requ ...
... be mentioned that there is no perfect consensus sequence for an androgen response element in the bcl-2 gene sequence (28), thus suggesting that the mechanism(s) by which androgens regulate Bcl-2 expression may involve an indirect pathway(s). The relatively long period of exposure to DHT that is requ ...
Phospholipase C-γ1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
PDF - Breast Cancer Research
... response to hormone ablation and later protease promoted widespread apoptosis in response to altered ...
... response to hormone ablation and later protease promoted widespread apoptosis in response to altered ...
The integrin–actin connection, an eternal love affair
... controls integrin function. In CHO cells, increased ®lamin binding to integrins by the introduction of point mutations into the cytoplasmic domain of b1 and b7-integrins reduced membrane protrusion, cell polarization and consequently cell migration (Calderwood et al., 2001). Filamin can induce reorg ...
... controls integrin function. In CHO cells, increased ®lamin binding to integrins by the introduction of point mutations into the cytoplasmic domain of b1 and b7-integrins reduced membrane protrusion, cell polarization and consequently cell migration (Calderwood et al., 2001). Filamin can induce reorg ...
Characterization of a novel phosphatidylinositol 3
... contain them [1]. Although first identified in proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, their functions are not restricted to this process, having been identified in proteins that participate in signal transduction. These include a protein that interacts with the transforming-growth-factor-β rece ...
... contain them [1]. Although first identified in proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, their functions are not restricted to this process, having been identified in proteins that participate in signal transduction. These include a protein that interacts with the transforming-growth-factor-β rece ...
Pro-Survival Role of Gelsolin in Mouse β
... in the number of TUNELⴙ and active caspase-3ⴙ cells. Finally, the anti-apoptotic role of gelsolin was confirmed in purified primary mouse -cells where overexpression of gelsolin resulted in a decrease in the percentage of TUNELⴙ cells. In summary, our results show for the first time that gelsolin p ...
... in the number of TUNELⴙ and active caspase-3ⴙ cells. Finally, the anti-apoptotic role of gelsolin was confirmed in purified primary mouse -cells where overexpression of gelsolin resulted in a decrease in the percentage of TUNELⴙ cells. In summary, our results show for the first time that gelsolin p ...
Human Diseases Associated with Form and Function of the Golgi
... cell, this organelle also lies at the heart of the trafficking routes running through the endomembrane system. In the case of the secretory pathway it both receives newly synthesized proteins from the ER, and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell sur ...
... cell, this organelle also lies at the heart of the trafficking routes running through the endomembrane system. In the case of the secretory pathway it both receives newly synthesized proteins from the ER, and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell sur ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.