Biological Perspective Studies
... In 1848, Gage, 25, was the foreman of a crew cutting a railroad bed in Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, as he was using a tamping iron to pack explosive powder into a hole, the powder detonated. The tamping iron—43 inches long, 1.25 inches in diameter and weighing 13.25 pounds—shot skyward, pene ...
... In 1848, Gage, 25, was the foreman of a crew cutting a railroad bed in Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, as he was using a tamping iron to pack explosive powder into a hole, the powder detonated. The tamping iron—43 inches long, 1.25 inches in diameter and weighing 13.25 pounds—shot skyward, pene ...
Functional Brain Changes Following Cognitive and Motor Skills
... Background. Functional neuroimaging is increasingly used in rehabilitation research to map the neural mechanisms subserving training targets. These data can inform intervention design and improve evaluation of treatment outcomes. Reliable neural markers may provide standard metrics of treatment impa ...
... Background. Functional neuroimaging is increasingly used in rehabilitation research to map the neural mechanisms subserving training targets. These data can inform intervention design and improve evaluation of treatment outcomes. Reliable neural markers may provide standard metrics of treatment impa ...
The human nervous system An anatomical viewpoint
... (4). Prefrontal cortex mediates working memory and decision making The parts of frontal lobe anterior to area 4 & 6, do not cause movements when stimulated. Areas 9, 10, 11, 12: connect with parietal, temporal&occipital lobes, amygdala, and DM thalamic nucleus. Phineas Gage’s brain: prefrontal cor ...
... (4). Prefrontal cortex mediates working memory and decision making The parts of frontal lobe anterior to area 4 & 6, do not cause movements when stimulated. Areas 9, 10, 11, 12: connect with parietal, temporal&occipital lobes, amygdala, and DM thalamic nucleus. Phineas Gage’s brain: prefrontal cor ...
Voiding Dysfunction
... sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurones. While our findings of enhanced midbrain activity during states of bladder fullness in healthy controls is broadly consistent with animal and neuroimaging studies highlighting the role of PAG,2, 3, 10, 11 it is noteworthy that our results implicate a sli ...
... sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurones. While our findings of enhanced midbrain activity during states of bladder fullness in healthy controls is broadly consistent with animal and neuroimaging studies highlighting the role of PAG,2, 3, 10, 11 it is noteworthy that our results implicate a sli ...
Consciousness, Emotion, and Imagination: A Brain
... below a given threshold it is held on veto, but as soon as its salience exceeds that threshold it is executed. The roles of the basal ganglia and amygdala analogues in the higher-order system are similar, but not identical, to their roles in the first-order system (Cotterill, 2001). These structures ...
... below a given threshold it is held on veto, but as soon as its salience exceeds that threshold it is executed. The roles of the basal ganglia and amygdala analogues in the higher-order system are similar, but not identical, to their roles in the first-order system (Cotterill, 2001). These structures ...
Three Controversial Hypotheses Concerning Computation in the
... 3 provides a complementary and similarly organized cortical interface for the bulk of sensory information related to touch, and other areas provide gateways for other senses. The general trends of modularity and functional localization seemed to hold for more complex functions as well. Brodmann area ...
... 3 provides a complementary and similarly organized cortical interface for the bulk of sensory information related to touch, and other areas provide gateways for other senses. The general trends of modularity and functional localization seemed to hold for more complex functions as well. Brodmann area ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
A neurobiological mapping of theory of mind
... symptom schizophrenia, and in particular those with paranoid and delusional schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that the ToM failure of these patients [26,37,91] is a consequence not so much from a deficit in the representation of mental states, as reported for example by Sarfati et al. [92], bu ...
... symptom schizophrenia, and in particular those with paranoid and delusional schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that the ToM failure of these patients [26,37,91] is a consequence not so much from a deficit in the representation of mental states, as reported for example by Sarfati et al. [92], bu ...
Localization of Cognitive Operations
... words through reading and listening (6, 7). These efforts have distinguished between a number of internal codes related to the visual, phonological, articulatory, and semantic analysis of a word. Operations at all these levels appear to be involved in understanding a word. This view began with effor ...
... words through reading and listening (6, 7). These efforts have distinguished between a number of internal codes related to the visual, phonological, articulatory, and semantic analysis of a word. Operations at all these levels appear to be involved in understanding a word. This view began with effor ...
accepted manuscript - Radboud Repository
... Euclidean space, so that one can refer to a particular activity pattern by specifying its spatial coordinates. Since each of these methods has limited resolution in either the time or spatial domain, incorporating additional data, such as those obtained from invasive animal studies, would be highly ...
... Euclidean space, so that one can refer to a particular activity pattern by specifying its spatial coordinates. Since each of these methods has limited resolution in either the time or spatial domain, incorporating additional data, such as those obtained from invasive animal studies, would be highly ...
from theory to common practice: consumer neuroscience
... convergent support for the notion that emotional responses play important roles in routine decision-making. In this view, emotional responses are automatic, coordinated, brain and body reactions to events in the mental environment. The emotional system is always on and always working. While in gener ...
... convergent support for the notion that emotional responses play important roles in routine decision-making. In this view, emotional responses are automatic, coordinated, brain and body reactions to events in the mental environment. The emotional system is always on and always working. While in gener ...
File - Shifa Students Corner
... movement, the striatum becomes active and inhibits the pallidum, allowing more excitation of motor thalamic nuclei and cortex The corpus striatum may normally be the site in which instructions for parts of learned movements are remembered and from which they are transmitted to the motor cortex for ...
... movement, the striatum becomes active and inhibits the pallidum, allowing more excitation of motor thalamic nuclei and cortex The corpus striatum may normally be the site in which instructions for parts of learned movements are remembered and from which they are transmitted to the motor cortex for ...
Decision Making: Hitting an uncertain target | eLife
... information supplied to the monkeys was high they tended to move the cursor to a location that was the average of the target locations in the previous trials: this approach makes sense when relatively little information is available. The Northwestern group also observed relatively high levels of act ...
... information supplied to the monkeys was high they tended to move the cursor to a location that was the average of the target locations in the previous trials: this approach makes sense when relatively little information is available. The Northwestern group also observed relatively high levels of act ...
T A BOLD window into brain waves
... work suggests that the repertoire of available states is maximal under moderate spontaneous activity, and shrinks dramatically with either complete inactivity or hyperactivity (18). But what kind of neural states? One possibility is that the cortex is like a sea undulating gently, and that evoked or ...
... work suggests that the repertoire of available states is maximal under moderate spontaneous activity, and shrinks dramatically with either complete inactivity or hyperactivity (18). But what kind of neural states? One possibility is that the cortex is like a sea undulating gently, and that evoked or ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... been often treated as a unitary concept in the past, the distinction between them has been recently supported by neuropsychological evidence. In general, the use of an object and the way it is manipulated do not bear any relationship. The distinction between these two aspects is supported by the cla ...
... been often treated as a unitary concept in the past, the distinction between them has been recently supported by neuropsychological evidence. In general, the use of an object and the way it is manipulated do not bear any relationship. The distinction between these two aspects is supported by the cla ...
pdf file
... In human society in many situations some form of ‘sharedness’ or ‘collectiveness’ is experienced, which often covers cognitive as well as affective dimensions. Although this is a very common type of phenomenon, at forehand it is not at all clear how it can emerge. For example, the experience of feel ...
... In human society in many situations some form of ‘sharedness’ or ‘collectiveness’ is experienced, which often covers cognitive as well as affective dimensions. Although this is a very common type of phenomenon, at forehand it is not at all clear how it can emerge. For example, the experience of feel ...
Saliency, switching, attention and control
... activated across multiple sensory and cognitive domains (Kurth et al. 2010). We next review functional and structural circuits associated with the insula, and then discuss why the AI can be considered the hub of a ‘‘salience network’’ (SN). We describe the core dynamical functions of this network an ...
... activated across multiple sensory and cognitive domains (Kurth et al. 2010). We next review functional and structural circuits associated with the insula, and then discuss why the AI can be considered the hub of a ‘‘salience network’’ (SN). We describe the core dynamical functions of this network an ...
What is in a name? - McCausland Center For Brain Imaging
... information than that could fit in one sentence. Consequently, most conversations and texts involve multiple sentences that are coherently linked through the repetition of information [1]. In many cases, the repetition of information is achieved through the use of pronouns, especially when repeated ...
... information than that could fit in one sentence. Consequently, most conversations and texts involve multiple sentences that are coherently linked through the repetition of information [1]. In many cases, the repetition of information is achieved through the use of pronouns, especially when repeated ...
Durand and Barlow Chapter 2: An Integrative Approach to
... – Medulla – Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration – Pons – Regulates sleep stages – Cerebellum – Involved in physical coordination ...
... – Medulla – Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration – Pons – Regulates sleep stages – Cerebellum – Involved in physical coordination ...
slides
... A typical neural response and the resulting RF estimate. A, RF estimate. The gray scale represents the grid of weights (25 × 25 bins = 10 × 10 mm) that best described the response of the neuron to the random dot stimulus pattern. The RF diagram is meant to represent excitatory and inhibitory skin re ...
... A typical neural response and the resulting RF estimate. A, RF estimate. The gray scale represents the grid of weights (25 × 25 bins = 10 × 10 mm) that best described the response of the neuron to the random dot stimulus pattern. The RF diagram is meant to represent excitatory and inhibitory skin re ...
Tourette Syndrome - neuropsych
... localized in caudate and putamen Mesocortical: innervates regions of frontal cortex (motor cortex and motor association cortex) Mesolimbic: deals with the ventral striatum, olfactory tubercle and parts of the limbic system Tuberinfundibular: involved in parts of the brain that deal with stress ...
... localized in caudate and putamen Mesocortical: innervates regions of frontal cortex (motor cortex and motor association cortex) Mesolimbic: deals with the ventral striatum, olfactory tubercle and parts of the limbic system Tuberinfundibular: involved in parts of the brain that deal with stress ...
Tourette - neuro - neuropsych
... localized in caudate and putamen Mesocortical: innervates regions of frontal cortex (motor cortex and motor association cortex) Mesolimbic: deals with the ventral striatum, olfactory tubercle and parts of the limbic system Tuberinfundibular: involved in parts of the brain that deal with stress ...
... localized in caudate and putamen Mesocortical: innervates regions of frontal cortex (motor cortex and motor association cortex) Mesolimbic: deals with the ventral striatum, olfactory tubercle and parts of the limbic system Tuberinfundibular: involved in parts of the brain that deal with stress ...
Brain Abnormalities in Murderers Indicated by
... Cortical Peel Technique (lateral areas). Surface cortical regions of interest were measured using a modification of the original cortical peel technique (Buchsbaum et al 1990) with the four lobes and four anatomical subdivisions of each identified stereotactically (Buchsbaum et al 1989). This techni ...
... Cortical Peel Technique (lateral areas). Surface cortical regions of interest were measured using a modification of the original cortical peel technique (Buchsbaum et al 1990) with the four lobes and four anatomical subdivisions of each identified stereotactically (Buchsbaum et al 1989). This techni ...
17-1 Chapter 17 ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE CEREBRAL
... or where the behavior is initiated or what parts of the system play what roles in what behaviors. It is clear that the limbic system plays an important role in emotional behavior. Learning and memory Learning is usually defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or ...
... or where the behavior is initiated or what parts of the system play what roles in what behaviors. It is clear that the limbic system plays an important role in emotional behavior. Learning and memory Learning is usually defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... announced each item’s name. Three days later the participants underwent the same exposure condition. One week after initiation of the learning phase, we scanned participants as they repeatedly named novel and familiar items upon exposure to only one of their modality-specific semantic features. We s ...
... announced each item’s name. Three days later the participants underwent the same exposure condition. One week after initiation of the learning phase, we scanned participants as they repeatedly named novel and familiar items upon exposure to only one of their modality-specific semantic features. We s ...