Introduction - University of Toronto
... A well accepted theory of autism is that of executive dysfunction which makes an explicit link to deficits in frontal lobe functioning. However, there is emerging evidence suggestive of impairments in more basic, low level neurological structures and processes which leads one to question the directi ...
... A well accepted theory of autism is that of executive dysfunction which makes an explicit link to deficits in frontal lobe functioning. However, there is emerging evidence suggestive of impairments in more basic, low level neurological structures and processes which leads one to question the directi ...
primary cortex - u.arizona.edu
... • Projections to this area are from the posterior parietal cortex; this area in turn projects to parts of the secondary motor cortex, the primary cortex, and to the ...
... • Projections to this area are from the posterior parietal cortex; this area in turn projects to parts of the secondary motor cortex, the primary cortex, and to the ...
On the nature of the BOLD fMRI contrast mechanism
... each eye are channeled first to a subdivision of the cerebral hemispheres deep in the brain called the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and, from then on, to the primary visual cortex. In the primary visual cortex (V1), neurons were thought to analyze local spatial information within their small rec ...
... each eye are channeled first to a subdivision of the cerebral hemispheres deep in the brain called the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and, from then on, to the primary visual cortex. In the primary visual cortex (V1), neurons were thought to analyze local spatial information within their small rec ...
chapt08_lecture
... Visualizing the Brain, cont f. Electroencephalogram (EEG): Electrodes on the scalp detect synaptic potentials produced by cell bodies and dendrites in the cerebral cortex. 1) Four patterns are usually seen: a) Alpha waves: active, relaxed brain. Seen most in frontal and parietal lobes b) Beta waves ...
... Visualizing the Brain, cont f. Electroencephalogram (EEG): Electrodes on the scalp detect synaptic potentials produced by cell bodies and dendrites in the cerebral cortex. 1) Four patterns are usually seen: a) Alpha waves: active, relaxed brain. Seen most in frontal and parietal lobes b) Beta waves ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... 1068-9508 ß 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... 1068-9508 ß 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
Visual Information and Eye Movement Control in Human Cerebral
... by both the eye-movement and blinking tasks (Fig. 9). The fact that no differences were seen between the brain regions activated by the eye movements performed in tasks 1 and 2 suggests that the brain activity induced by the blinking accompanying eye-movement tasks is negligible in comparison with t ...
... by both the eye-movement and blinking tasks (Fig. 9). The fact that no differences were seen between the brain regions activated by the eye movements performed in tasks 1 and 2 suggests that the brain activity induced by the blinking accompanying eye-movement tasks is negligible in comparison with t ...
Inferring mental states from imaging data: OpenfMRI
... between jumping to the left or right goal posts. Repeated play against the same opponents allows him to learn about their scoring tendencies, which can be used to compute the values of a left and a right jump before making a decision. It is a long-established view in economics, psychology, and compu ...
... between jumping to the left or right goal posts. Repeated play against the same opponents allows him to learn about their scoring tendencies, which can be used to compute the values of a left and a right jump before making a decision. It is a long-established view in economics, psychology, and compu ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
What Neuroimaging and Brain Localization Can
... Localizing the brain activity associated with a construct appears to be compelling confirmatory evidence for the psychological reality of the construct. For example, theory of mind refers to the ability to consider the thoughts, goals, and intentions of others (Premack & Woodruff, 1978). Some resear ...
... Localizing the brain activity associated with a construct appears to be compelling confirmatory evidence for the psychological reality of the construct. For example, theory of mind refers to the ability to consider the thoughts, goals, and intentions of others (Premack & Woodruff, 1978). Some resear ...
FUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE NETWORKS IN PRIMATES
... significance, and retaining a memory trace of the scent in its context. The actual structural basis for parallel distributed processing may initially have developed in the olfactory system to serve this function, with glutamate neurons playing the central role in making decisions about approach resp ...
... significance, and retaining a memory trace of the scent in its context. The actual structural basis for parallel distributed processing may initially have developed in the olfactory system to serve this function, with glutamate neurons playing the central role in making decisions about approach resp ...
VL_CHAPTER_4
... resonance imaging (fMRI) have we been able to obtain detailed retinopic maps of visual cortex in humans. In fMRI studies, blood flow response to different regions of the brain is measured and is thought to reflect activity related to the processing of a stimulus. Structural anatomical images are obt ...
... resonance imaging (fMRI) have we been able to obtain detailed retinopic maps of visual cortex in humans. In fMRI studies, blood flow response to different regions of the brain is measured and is thought to reflect activity related to the processing of a stimulus. Structural anatomical images are obt ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
LiebermanSSSP2002REV - Sydney Symposium of Social
... or flight’ response implicating the amygdala as part of an automatic avoidance system. Alternatively, the basal ganglia seem to serve as part of an automatic approach system, responding to various predictors of reward (Depue & Collins, 1999; Lieberman, 2000a; Schultz, 1998). Neuroimaging studies of ...
... or flight’ response implicating the amygdala as part of an automatic avoidance system. Alternatively, the basal ganglia seem to serve as part of an automatic approach system, responding to various predictors of reward (Depue & Collins, 1999; Lieberman, 2000a; Schultz, 1998). Neuroimaging studies of ...
Descending Spinal Tracts
... – Anterior frontal lobes: Abstract thought, decision making and anticipating consequences of action – Area 6: Actions converted into signals specifying how actions will be performed – Per RolandÆ Monitored cortical activation accompanying voluntary movement (PET) • Results supported view of higher o ...
... – Anterior frontal lobes: Abstract thought, decision making and anticipating consequences of action – Area 6: Actions converted into signals specifying how actions will be performed – Per RolandÆ Monitored cortical activation accompanying voluntary movement (PET) • Results supported view of higher o ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... is closely associated with the potential of an aversive outcome or punishment. Therefore, it is not surprising that some key components of this neural circuitry, e.g., the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also implicated in higher order pro ...
... is closely associated with the potential of an aversive outcome or punishment. Therefore, it is not surprising that some key components of this neural circuitry, e.g., the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also implicated in higher order pro ...
Document
... Direct and indirect projections form motor cortex Motor cortex makes two types of projections. • A direct pathway to the ventral lateral spinal cord • An indirect pathway to the reticular formation (which subsequently goes to medial spinal cord). • For example a direct pathway will move the hand an ...
... Direct and indirect projections form motor cortex Motor cortex makes two types of projections. • A direct pathway to the ventral lateral spinal cord • An indirect pathway to the reticular formation (which subsequently goes to medial spinal cord). • For example a direct pathway will move the hand an ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... of the substance abusers. As they took part in a double-blind procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would no ...
... of the substance abusers. As they took part in a double-blind procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would no ...
Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
The cortical language circuit: from auditory perception to sentence
... As to sentential semantic aspects, the processing system now has to deal with the semantic and thematic fit between the different arguments (noun phrases) and the verb. Semantic aspects in general activate more anterior portions of the IFG, namely BA 47 and the anterior portion of BA 45, particularl ...
... As to sentential semantic aspects, the processing system now has to deal with the semantic and thematic fit between the different arguments (noun phrases) and the verb. Semantic aspects in general activate more anterior portions of the IFG, namely BA 47 and the anterior portion of BA 45, particularl ...
interoception and the sentient self
... accompanied by autonomic changes because it is the perceptual correlate of a behavioural motivation generated in response to a condition which the homeostatic system cannot rectify automatically. In the conventional view, the welldiscriminated feelings of temperature, itch and pain are associated wi ...
... accompanied by autonomic changes because it is the perceptual correlate of a behavioural motivation generated in response to a condition which the homeostatic system cannot rectify automatically. In the conventional view, the welldiscriminated feelings of temperature, itch and pain are associated wi ...
Neural Plasticity in Auditory Cortex
... the physical sounds themselves, but also by the learned psychological or behavioral importance of acoustic stimuli. These findings clearly showed the error of the traditional belief that sensory cortices had purely sensory functions and were not regions directly involved in learning and memory. Howe ...
... the physical sounds themselves, but also by the learned psychological or behavioral importance of acoustic stimuli. These findings clearly showed the error of the traditional belief that sensory cortices had purely sensory functions and were not regions directly involved in learning and memory. Howe ...
Demonstrating the Implicit Processing of Visually Presented Words
... representations; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate visual cortex and a left prefrontal area. Pseudowords have legitimate word forms from which phonological but not semantic associations can be computed; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate cortex ...
... representations; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate visual cortex and a left prefrontal area. Pseudowords have legitimate word forms from which phonological but not semantic associations can be computed; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate cortex ...
Facial Expression Recognition, Fear Conditioning, and Startle
... CS⫹. Patients with anxiety disorders show enhanced fear conditioning (17), whereas fear-conditioning deficits are observed in adult psychopaths (18 –21) and male subjects with CD (13). Consequently, we predicted impaired conditioning in female subjects with CD. Finally, we assessed affective modulat ...
... CS⫹. Patients with anxiety disorders show enhanced fear conditioning (17), whereas fear-conditioning deficits are observed in adult psychopaths (18 –21) and male subjects with CD (13). Consequently, we predicted impaired conditioning in female subjects with CD. Finally, we assessed affective modulat ...
Cortical inputs to the CA1 field of the monkey hippocampus originate
... We conclude from these studies that the same regions of the ventral temporal lobe that project to the entorhinal cortex also project to CA1. These projections originate mainly from areas 35 and 36 of the perirhinal cortex, and areas TF and TH of the parahippocampal cortex. We observed a sharp drop i ...
... We conclude from these studies that the same regions of the ventral temporal lobe that project to the entorhinal cortex also project to CA1. These projections originate mainly from areas 35 and 36 of the perirhinal cortex, and areas TF and TH of the parahippocampal cortex. We observed a sharp drop i ...