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... Conversely, NDM spread has been driven by the dissemination of plasmids, carrying the blaNDM-1 gene alongside a number of other antibiotic resistance markers [9]. This dissemination is of concern for public health worldwide, given the occurrence of the gene in unrelated species and acquisition by E. ...
... Conversely, NDM spread has been driven by the dissemination of plasmids, carrying the blaNDM-1 gene alongside a number of other antibiotic resistance markers [9]. This dissemination is of concern for public health worldwide, given the occurrence of the gene in unrelated species and acquisition by E. ...
Determining whether Huntaway dogs treated with AAV2/8 viral
... Human infections with wild-type AAV are very common. Most adults (up to 90%) are seropositive for antibodies against AAV, indicating prior infection (Tenenbaum et al 2003). However, AAV does not cause disease, and has never been implicated as a causative agent for any disease (Lin & Ertl 2008; Tenen ...
... Human infections with wild-type AAV are very common. Most adults (up to 90%) are seropositive for antibodies against AAV, indicating prior infection (Tenenbaum et al 2003). However, AAV does not cause disease, and has never been implicated as a causative agent for any disease (Lin & Ertl 2008; Tenen ...
The Effect of OmpA Expression on Hfr Conjugation Efficiency
... Hfr Conjugation. The conjugation procedure was previously described (8). Briefly, an overnight culture of donor strain HfrC was diluted 1:25 in LB broth and incubated at 37oC for 3 hours. Overnight cultures of recipient strains C149, C156, and C158 both with and without the pCCK06-1 plasmid were dil ...
... Hfr Conjugation. The conjugation procedure was previously described (8). Briefly, an overnight culture of donor strain HfrC was diluted 1:25 in LB broth and incubated at 37oC for 3 hours. Overnight cultures of recipient strains C149, C156, and C158 both with and without the pCCK06-1 plasmid were dil ...
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
... supernatants of sonicated cell lysates prepared from DH5aF 0 cells harbouring pAM3 or pIN-III(lppp-5)A3 as described in ‘Enzyme assays’ were assayed for L-phenylalanine and Ltyrosine decarboxylase activity by following modified protocols based on methods previously described. We tested enzymatic act ...
... supernatants of sonicated cell lysates prepared from DH5aF 0 cells harbouring pAM3 or pIN-III(lppp-5)A3 as described in ‘Enzyme assays’ were assayed for L-phenylalanine and Ltyrosine decarboxylase activity by following modified protocols based on methods previously described. We tested enzymatic act ...
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
... addition to this particular methylase, individual bacterial strains also contain accompanying specific endonuclease activity. In late 1960s, Stewart Linn and Werner Arber isolated two types of enzymes responsible for this observed phage restriction phenomenon. Later on, in 1978, Smith, Nathans and ...
... addition to this particular methylase, individual bacterial strains also contain accompanying specific endonuclease activity. In late 1960s, Stewart Linn and Werner Arber isolated two types of enzymes responsible for this observed phage restriction phenomenon. Later on, in 1978, Smith, Nathans and ...
Lack of homology between two haloacetate dehalogenase genes
... The diversity of the dehalogenases may result from selection for micro-organismsable to degrade a variety of novel halogenated compounds. Enzyme evolution may be initiated by tandem duplication of a gene, followed by the accumulation of multiple mutations on either gene copy, which results in the cr ...
... The diversity of the dehalogenases may result from selection for micro-organismsable to degrade a variety of novel halogenated compounds. Enzyme evolution may be initiated by tandem duplication of a gene, followed by the accumulation of multiple mutations on either gene copy, which results in the cr ...
Application of the new manP counter-selection system for B. subtilis
... Keller et al., 2009; Kristich et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2013). Besides the toxicity of 5- ...
... Keller et al., 2009; Kristich et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2013). Besides the toxicity of 5- ...
Cloning and Expression of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans β
... introduced into Lactobacillus plantarum by electroporation. Insert analysis of pTE353-βG digested with SacI produced 1.9 kbp β-1,3-glucanase gene band on agarose gel as well as 1.9 kbp DNA encoding β-1,3-glucanase gene insert amplified on the recombinant vector via PCR indicated the integration of t ...
... introduced into Lactobacillus plantarum by electroporation. Insert analysis of pTE353-βG digested with SacI produced 1.9 kbp β-1,3-glucanase gene band on agarose gel as well as 1.9 kbp DNA encoding β-1,3-glucanase gene insert amplified on the recombinant vector via PCR indicated the integration of t ...
The Effect of Horizontal Gene Transfer on the Dynamics of
... ( j = 0 / 1 / − ) types. This process is modeled as a second-order collision reaction with a rate constant γ, which is also used in our equations in order to allow for errors in the conjugation and resistance genes that may be caused by faulty horizontal or vertical gene transfer. The conjugation pr ...
... ( j = 0 / 1 / − ) types. This process is modeled as a second-order collision reaction with a rate constant γ, which is also used in our equations in order to allow for errors in the conjugation and resistance genes that may be caused by faulty horizontal or vertical gene transfer. The conjugation pr ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... the host bacteria previously and now these viral genetic elements can be utilized to degrade the same or similar viral genes, providing the host cells with adaptive immunity. Interestingly, any time bacteria or archaea get infected with a new virus, the system adds new spacers so new viruses can be ...
... the host bacteria previously and now these viral genetic elements can be utilized to degrade the same or similar viral genes, providing the host cells with adaptive immunity. Interestingly, any time bacteria or archaea get infected with a new virus, the system adds new spacers so new viruses can be ...
The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid
... The nucleotide sequence of a clone containing mouse carbonic anhydrase (CA) eDNA in pBR322 has been determined. The cloned eDNA contains all of the coding region except for nueleotides specifying the first eight amino acids, and all of the 3' noncoding region, which consists of 700 nucleotides. A eD ...
... The nucleotide sequence of a clone containing mouse carbonic anhydrase (CA) eDNA in pBR322 has been determined. The cloned eDNA contains all of the coding region except for nueleotides specifying the first eight amino acids, and all of the 3' noncoding region, which consists of 700 nucleotides. A eD ...
Growth medium composition-determined regulatory mechanisms
... muconolactone isomerase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively (Houghton et al., 1995). The induction of this operon, which is σ&%-independent, requires a LysR family transcriptional activator, CatR, and an inducer molecule, cis,cis-muconate (CCM), an intermediate of the ortho-pathway (Rothmel e ...
... muconolactone isomerase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively (Houghton et al., 1995). The induction of this operon, which is σ&%-independent, requires a LysR family transcriptional activator, CatR, and an inducer molecule, cis,cis-muconate (CCM), an intermediate of the ortho-pathway (Rothmel e ...
Extrachromosomal DNA Transformationof Caenorhabditis elegans
... with 32P-labeled pBR322 DNA, bacteriophage DNA containing a single-copy gene, and bacteriophage DNA containing a fourfold repetitive actin gene sequence (15) (generous gifts of M. Krause). After washing, the hybridization to individual spots was quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. To contr ...
... with 32P-labeled pBR322 DNA, bacteriophage DNA containing a single-copy gene, and bacteriophage DNA containing a fourfold repetitive actin gene sequence (15) (generous gifts of M. Krause). After washing, the hybridization to individual spots was quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. To contr ...
Importance of integrons in the diffusion of resistance
... Summary – Horizontal transfer of resistance genes is a successful mechanism for the transmission and dissemination of multiple drug resistance among bacterial pathogens. The impact of horizontally transmitted genetic determinants in the evolution of resistance is particularly evident when resistance ...
... Summary – Horizontal transfer of resistance genes is a successful mechanism for the transmission and dissemination of multiple drug resistance among bacterial pathogens. The impact of horizontally transmitted genetic determinants in the evolution of resistance is particularly evident when resistance ...
RTS™ pIVEX E. coli His-tag 2nd Generation Vector Set Manual
... containing the appropriate restriction sites is prepared, cloning into different pIVEX vectors can be done easily in parallel or successively. To minimize problems, biotechrabbit recommends selecting the cloning strategy strictly according to Table 1. For cloning strategies allowing the minimization ...
... containing the appropriate restriction sites is prepared, cloning into different pIVEX vectors can be done easily in parallel or successively. To minimize problems, biotechrabbit recommends selecting the cloning strategy strictly according to Table 1. For cloning strategies allowing the minimization ...
Noise in transcription negative feedback loops
... To see if this is the case, we have reproduced the original experiment of Becskei and Serrano (2000) using a more sensitive approach to quantify GFP expression (FACS sorting versus microscopy used in the previous work). Also we have created new constructs in which the reporter protein (GFP) is no mo ...
... To see if this is the case, we have reproduced the original experiment of Becskei and Serrano (2000) using a more sensitive approach to quantify GFP expression (FACS sorting versus microscopy used in the previous work). Also we have created new constructs in which the reporter protein (GFP) is no mo ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:
... was complemented by only two cosmids. One complemented mutant, P121R25(pC11), had the same phenotype as the wild strain P121R grown on BM1-GABA or glutamate medium (Labidi et al. 1996). The cosmid pC11, which complemented the P121R25 mutant for its ability to grow on GABA, was completely digested wi ...
... was complemented by only two cosmids. One complemented mutant, P121R25(pC11), had the same phenotype as the wild strain P121R grown on BM1-GABA or glutamate medium (Labidi et al. 1996). The cosmid pC11, which complemented the P121R25 mutant for its ability to grow on GABA, was completely digested wi ...
Mechanisms of Transcription-Replication
... transcribed DNA segments. We conclude, therefore, that the replication fork is most likely attenuated upon direct physical interaction with the head-on transcription machinery. more strongly when encountering the stalled E. coli RNA polymerase head-on rather than codirectionally (25, 26). When RNA p ...
... transcribed DNA segments. We conclude, therefore, that the replication fork is most likely attenuated upon direct physical interaction with the head-on transcription machinery. more strongly when encountering the stalled E. coli RNA polymerase head-on rather than codirectionally (25, 26). When RNA p ...
"Antibiotics and the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance". In
... circulate among related hosts, except in the case of immature (newborns, pathological status) or damaged (antibiotics, altered nutrition) microbial ecosystems. This point is critical to understand the risks of dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes between animals, humans and the environment. ...
... circulate among related hosts, except in the case of immature (newborns, pathological status) or damaged (antibiotics, altered nutrition) microbial ecosystems. This point is critical to understand the risks of dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes between animals, humans and the environment. ...
Problems with cloning
... Think of cloning as being one type of “tool” that could be used in science and technology. The tool is not bad or good. It is what is done with the tool that becomes bad or good. ...
... Think of cloning as being one type of “tool” that could be used in science and technology. The tool is not bad or good. It is what is done with the tool that becomes bad or good. ...
Molecular Cloning of Clostridium Perfringens Type B Vaccine Strain
... Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which is widely distributed in the environment. C. perfringens is subdivided into five groups (types A to E), based on its four major toxin (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). C. perfringens type B beta toxin causes inflammation ...
... Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which is widely distributed in the environment. C. perfringens is subdivided into five groups (types A to E), based on its four major toxin (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). C. perfringens type B beta toxin causes inflammation ...
Full Text - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
... (21). Except class D carbapenemases, Meropenem associated inhibitor is very specific and sensitive to detect carbapenemases. The microarray is a very precise method to detect multidrug Enterobacteriaceae β-lactamase positive (22). Also, Real time-PCR method is a useful technique. Advantages of this ...
... (21). Except class D carbapenemases, Meropenem associated inhibitor is very specific and sensitive to detect carbapenemases. The microarray is a very precise method to detect multidrug Enterobacteriaceae β-lactamase positive (22). Also, Real time-PCR method is a useful technique. Advantages of this ...
pdf
... acids (NNK randomization) to generate a library (PhPacb1) with a theoretical diversity of 109, which was covered by >1010 individual clones (>99.9% coverage). To identify desired PhProRS variants from this library, a selection was devised based on the previously reported dual-reporter plasmid pREP, ...
... acids (NNK randomization) to generate a library (PhPacb1) with a theoretical diversity of 109, which was covered by >1010 individual clones (>99.9% coverage). To identify desired PhProRS variants from this library, a selection was devised based on the previously reported dual-reporter plasmid pREP, ...
Cell Division Studies of Escherichia Coli: Expression and Protein
... In the unlikely event th at the author did not send UMI a complete m anuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright m aterial had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize m aterials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sect ...
... In the unlikely event th at the author did not send UMI a complete m anuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright m aterial had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize m aterials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sect ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.