The enhancement of ribosomal transcription by the recycling of RNA
... then no longer depend solely on random collisions between the promoter or the spacer enhancer elements and the polymerase. Thus, yet a further mechanism to enhance the rate of ribosomal transcription may occur. Recycling of transcription factors could function either through release of the polymeras ...
... then no longer depend solely on random collisions between the promoter or the spacer enhancer elements and the polymerase. Thus, yet a further mechanism to enhance the rate of ribosomal transcription may occur. Recycling of transcription factors could function either through release of the polymeras ...
53 - Lab Times
... a Gateway vector, harbouring compatible att-sequences. Once cloned into this Gateway entry clone vector, DNA segments can be rapidly transferred into diverse Gateway expression vectors via a similar Clonasebased reaction. In recent years, a couple of labs have established extensive collections of OR ...
... a Gateway vector, harbouring compatible att-sequences. Once cloned into this Gateway entry clone vector, DNA segments can be rapidly transferred into diverse Gateway expression vectors via a similar Clonasebased reaction. In recent years, a couple of labs have established extensive collections of OR ...
Ampicillin versus Tetracycline in the Selection
... ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes. After 45- and 60-minute recovery periods, the transformed cells were plated on three types of selective plates, containing 1) ampicillin only, 2) tetracycline only, and 3) ampicillin plus tetracycline. It was found that tetracycline selection from these ...
... ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes. After 45- and 60-minute recovery periods, the transformed cells were plated on three types of selective plates, containing 1) ampicillin only, 2) tetracycline only, and 3) ampicillin plus tetracycline. It was found that tetracycline selection from these ...
Research in Microbiology
... Sporulation histidine kinases, which sense sporulation-specific signals and initiate phosphorelay reactions, are poorly conserved among Bacillus species. We found several putative genes for sporulation histidine kinases in the genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 and assayed the genes for ...
... Sporulation histidine kinases, which sense sporulation-specific signals and initiate phosphorelay reactions, are poorly conserved among Bacillus species. We found several putative genes for sporulation histidine kinases in the genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 and assayed the genes for ...
Microbial Genetics, Mutation and Repair Answer the following
... 7. Genetic information transferred from one bacteria to another using a pilus is known as _____________. 8. F+ cells contain a fertility _____________. 9. An ____________ plasmid contains both the genetic information needed for a sex pilus as well as parts of the bacterial chromosome. 10. Plasmids t ...
... 7. Genetic information transferred from one bacteria to another using a pilus is known as _____________. 8. F+ cells contain a fertility _____________. 9. An ____________ plasmid contains both the genetic information needed for a sex pilus as well as parts of the bacterial chromosome. 10. Plasmids t ...
Bacillus cereus
... that is able to produce a variety of proteins and sources of bioremediation. Bacillus megaterium is a good source of industrial proteins because it is both a desirable cloning host and produces a large variation of enzymes. This species is good cloning host because it is able to house numerous plasm ...
... that is able to produce a variety of proteins and sources of bioremediation. Bacillus megaterium is a good source of industrial proteins because it is both a desirable cloning host and produces a large variation of enzymes. This species is good cloning host because it is able to house numerous plasm ...
Eds., N. Hamamura, S. Suzuki, S. Mendo, C. M. Barroso,... © by TERRAPUB, 2010.
... Portugal. Av27 strain was selected to study the gene(s) that are involved in TBT resistance based on their TBT resistance profile up to 3 mM (Cruz et al, 2007). Cloning and sub cloning experiments were performed in E. coli HB101 competent cells (Promega). Bacterial strains were grown with shaking (2 ...
... Portugal. Av27 strain was selected to study the gene(s) that are involved in TBT resistance based on their TBT resistance profile up to 3 mM (Cruz et al, 2007). Cloning and sub cloning experiments were performed in E. coli HB101 competent cells (Promega). Bacterial strains were grown with shaking (2 ...
Two Classes of sir3 Mutants Enhance the sir1
... the silent mating-type loci and at telomeres. The sir3 null mutant is nonmating and defective in telomeric silencing (Rine and Herskowitz 1987; Aparicio et al. 1991). Indeed, Sir3p is a limiting factor in telomeric silent chromatin (Renauld et al. 1993) and when tethered to DNA appears to recruit ot ...
... the silent mating-type loci and at telomeres. The sir3 null mutant is nonmating and defective in telomeric silencing (Rine and Herskowitz 1987; Aparicio et al. 1991). Indeed, Sir3p is a limiting factor in telomeric silent chromatin (Renauld et al. 1993) and when tethered to DNA appears to recruit ot ...
Gel Electrophoresis
... needed for stretching and reorientation, larger molecules have less time left for migration in the electric field. In PFGE, the resulting electrophoretic mobilities depend on the pulse time: DNA molecules with fragment sizes up to about 10 megabases (Mb) can be resolved. Pulse times of 1 s to 90 min ...
... needed for stretching and reorientation, larger molecules have less time left for migration in the electric field. In PFGE, the resulting electrophoretic mobilities depend on the pulse time: DNA molecules with fragment sizes up to about 10 megabases (Mb) can be resolved. Pulse times of 1 s to 90 min ...
Novel mutants of 23S RNA: characterization of
... The mutation A1067 to T in the 23S RNA is known to reduce bacterial growth rate 1,5 fold (1). The effect of double mutations on the cell viability was studied using derivatives of the pNO vector transformed into the E.coli strain pop2136. At 30°C the lambda promoter is repressed and mutant RNAs are ...
... The mutation A1067 to T in the 23S RNA is known to reduce bacterial growth rate 1,5 fold (1). The effect of double mutations on the cell viability was studied using derivatives of the pNO vector transformed into the E.coli strain pop2136. At 30°C the lambda promoter is repressed and mutant RNAs are ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
... The first cloning experiments Hamilton Smith and co-workers demonstrated unequivocally that restriction endoncleases cleave a specific DNA sequence. Later, Daniel Nathans used restriction endonucleases to map the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome and to locate the origin of replication. These major brea ...
... The first cloning experiments Hamilton Smith and co-workers demonstrated unequivocally that restriction endoncleases cleave a specific DNA sequence. Later, Daniel Nathans used restriction endonucleases to map the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome and to locate the origin of replication. These major brea ...
IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing - HAL
... The choice of the restriction enzyme is strongly dependent on the range of sizes of DNA fragments obtained after cleavage of genomic DNA from M. avium strains. Several restriction enzymes provide a wide range of DNA fragments and are capable of defining distinct banding patterns and clusters of iden ...
... The choice of the restriction enzyme is strongly dependent on the range of sizes of DNA fragments obtained after cleavage of genomic DNA from M. avium strains. Several restriction enzymes provide a wide range of DNA fragments and are capable of defining distinct banding patterns and clusters of iden ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... are located on a symbiosis (Sym) plasmid. In R. leguminosarum three types of nod genes have been distinguished: (i) a regulatory gene, nodD; (ii) the common nod genes, nodABCIJ; and (iii) the genes nodFELMNTO, of which the nodE gene is a host-specific gene which determines whether R. leguminosarum i ...
... are located on a symbiosis (Sym) plasmid. In R. leguminosarum three types of nod genes have been distinguished: (i) a regulatory gene, nodD; (ii) the common nod genes, nodABCIJ; and (iii) the genes nodFELMNTO, of which the nodE gene is a host-specific gene which determines whether R. leguminosarum i ...
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late
... 1974). The fragment present in low molar yield in the EcoRI digest has been shown to arise from a chromosome end at pat and EcoRI cleavage at the first site counterclockwise from pat (Jackson et CL, 1978a). The smaller Sal1 fragment (Sal1 B) (see Fig. 1) is derived in an analogous fashion from a mol ...
... 1974). The fragment present in low molar yield in the EcoRI digest has been shown to arise from a chromosome end at pat and EcoRI cleavage at the first site counterclockwise from pat (Jackson et CL, 1978a). The smaller Sal1 fragment (Sal1 B) (see Fig. 1) is derived in an analogous fashion from a mol ...
htp Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMANDA SWANEPOEL
... and insects (Schroth et al., 1992; Rahme et al., 1995). The success of P. aeruginosa in colonizing these diverse environments is attributed to its ability to synthesize a large number of different virulence factors such as alginate, pili and lipopolysaccharides, and secreted virulence factors, inclu ...
... and insects (Schroth et al., 1992; Rahme et al., 1995). The success of P. aeruginosa in colonizing these diverse environments is attributed to its ability to synthesize a large number of different virulence factors such as alginate, pili and lipopolysaccharides, and secreted virulence factors, inclu ...
PCR Cloning Considerations
... The cloning of PCR-amplified fragments into a linear vector is typically a rapid and efficient process. However, not all PCR fragments will clone with the same efficiency into the same vector. These differences may be due to fragment size, insert toxicity, and the complexity of the insert. Inverted, ...
... The cloning of PCR-amplified fragments into a linear vector is typically a rapid and efficient process. However, not all PCR fragments will clone with the same efficiency into the same vector. These differences may be due to fragment size, insert toxicity, and the complexity of the insert. Inverted, ...
Selection for TnlO Tet Repressor Binding to tet Operator
... regulatory region. This enables the E. coli strain to use galactose as the sole carbon source. In theabsence of Tet repressor binding to tet operators, lacZ as well as lacl are expressed. Lac repressor binds to the lac operators and prevents transcription of g d K . T h e cell cannot utilize galacto ...
... regulatory region. This enables the E. coli strain to use galactose as the sole carbon source. In theabsence of Tet repressor binding to tet operators, lacZ as well as lacl are expressed. Lac repressor binds to the lac operators and prevents transcription of g d K . T h e cell cannot utilize galacto ...
... Acetoin is a four carbon acetohydroxy compound that is synthesized in all simple bacteria, plants and animals, as the by-product of branched chain amino acid synthesis. Organisms such as Klebsiella and Bacillus synthesize acetoin during late exponential phase of the growth by alsSD operon. The alsSD ...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases - Micro-Rao
... the amount of enzyme and number of drug molecules hydrolyzed. This explains the "inoculum effect", where the MIC rises several fold when the bacterial inoculum is raised to 109/ml. ...
... the amount of enzyme and number of drug molecules hydrolyzed. This explains the "inoculum effect", where the MIC rises several fold when the bacterial inoculum is raised to 109/ml. ...
Internal expression of Yarrowia NDH2
... and 2000 colonies per µg of pUB22 DNA, which is only 220% of the 1×103 to 1×104 colonies normally observed with replicative Y. lipolytica plasmids (Barth and Gaillardin, 1996). This may indicate that only a small fraction of the cells that had taken up the HygBR gene were able to form colonies. Once ...
... and 2000 colonies per µg of pUB22 DNA, which is only 220% of the 1×103 to 1×104 colonies normally observed with replicative Y. lipolytica plasmids (Barth and Gaillardin, 1996). This may indicate that only a small fraction of the cells that had taken up the HygBR gene were able to form colonies. Once ...
hag expression in Bacillus subtilis is both negatively
... and cloned into plasmid pET28a (Novagen) at the NdeI and XhoI sites to give pFlgM. The cloning strategy was designed to provide a His-tag at the C terminus of the protein. pFlgM was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and FlgM was induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pFlgM was inoculated in 5 ...
... and cloned into plasmid pET28a (Novagen) at the NdeI and XhoI sites to give pFlgM. The cloning strategy was designed to provide a His-tag at the C terminus of the protein. pFlgM was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and FlgM was induced with 0.1 mM IPTG. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pFlgM was inoculated in 5 ...
Two glucose/xylose transporter genes from the yeast Candida
... be unable to transport either glucose or xylose [9]. Ura+ transformants were first recovered in YNB maltose medium and subsequently transferred by replica plating on to medium containing different concentrations of either xylose or glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. Approx. 40 transforman ...
... be unable to transport either glucose or xylose [9]. Ura+ transformants were first recovered in YNB maltose medium and subsequently transferred by replica plating on to medium containing different concentrations of either xylose or glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. Approx. 40 transforman ...
Engineered bacteriophage-defence systems in bioprocessing
... A wide variety of engineered phage-resistance systems that target different stages in the lytic life cycle have been constructed using information that has been garnered from the examination of sequence data (FIG. 1). Although this review will be focused on dairy microorganisms, the general principl ...
... A wide variety of engineered phage-resistance systems that target different stages in the lytic life cycle have been constructed using information that has been garnered from the examination of sequence data (FIG. 1). Although this review will be focused on dairy microorganisms, the general principl ...
(lip) that - Repositories
... The enzyme activities responsible for the synthesis of lipoic acid are unknown, although several key biosynthetic intermediates have been demonstrated by in vivo isotope labeling experiments in bacteria (Eisenberg, 1988; Johnson and Collins, 1973) and rat liver (Dupre et al., 1980). These studies we ...
... The enzyme activities responsible for the synthesis of lipoic acid are unknown, although several key biosynthetic intermediates have been demonstrated by in vivo isotope labeling experiments in bacteria (Eisenberg, 1988; Johnson and Collins, 1973) and rat liver (Dupre et al., 1980). These studies we ...
Characterisation of the katA gene encoding a catalase and evidence
... A KatA-de¢cient strain of S. xylosus, designated TX350, was constructed by exchanging the 5P-end of katA for an erythromycin resistance gene, ermB (Fig. 1B). By this replacement, the ¢rst 60 codons of katA including the start codon and ribosome-binding site were removed resulting in a complete block ...
... A KatA-de¢cient strain of S. xylosus, designated TX350, was constructed by exchanging the 5P-end of katA for an erythromycin resistance gene, ermB (Fig. 1B). By this replacement, the ¢rst 60 codons of katA including the start codon and ribosome-binding site were removed resulting in a complete block ...
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.