Really Essential Medical Immunology Arthur Rabson
... (figure 1.2a), finally settle in the tissues as mature macrophages where they constitute the mononuclear phagocyte system (figure 1.2d). They are present throughout the connective tissue and around the basement membrane of small blood vessels and are particularly concentrated in the lung (figure 1.2 ...
... (figure 1.2a), finally settle in the tissues as mature macrophages where they constitute the mononuclear phagocyte system (figure 1.2d). They are present throughout the connective tissue and around the basement membrane of small blood vessels and are particularly concentrated in the lung (figure 1.2 ...
Tetrazine−trans-cyclooctene Mediated Conjugation of Antibodies to
... ransport systems based on biomolecular motors are promising components for developing nanoscale devices1,2 due to their small size, energy efficiency,3 and detection sensitivity.4,5 Recently, first proof-of-principle devices employing kinesin-1 and microtubules (MTs) have been fabricated to transport, ...
... ransport systems based on biomolecular motors are promising components for developing nanoscale devices1,2 due to their small size, energy efficiency,3 and detection sensitivity.4,5 Recently, first proof-of-principle devices employing kinesin-1 and microtubules (MTs) have been fabricated to transport, ...
Purified Hexameric Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded BARF1 Protein for Measuring Anti-BARF1 Antibody
... FIG. 1. BARF1 (peptide) sequence and specific animal antibody reactivity against B95-8-derived recombinant BARF1 protein and antigenic peptides. (A) BARF1 sequence containing 2 common amino acid substitutions, V29A and H130R, found in Indonesian isolates (boldface). Antigenic peptides designed by co ...
... FIG. 1. BARF1 (peptide) sequence and specific animal antibody reactivity against B95-8-derived recombinant BARF1 protein and antigenic peptides. (A) BARF1 sequence containing 2 common amino acid substitutions, V29A and H130R, found in Indonesian isolates (boldface). Antigenic peptides designed by co ...
An immunoassay for atrazine using tunable immunosorbent Jae-Young Kim, Ashok Mulchandani,
... and harmful to the functionality of the antibodies [15]. One way to circumvent this problem is through the creation of multidomain artificial protein biopolymers in which the interchaining interaction and atrazinebinding functions are engineered independently. The availability of genetic engineering ...
... and harmful to the functionality of the antibodies [15]. One way to circumvent this problem is through the creation of multidomain artificial protein biopolymers in which the interchaining interaction and atrazinebinding functions are engineered independently. The availability of genetic engineering ...
HBV Infection–Diagnostic Approach and Management Algorithm*
... ■ “Flare-up” chronic hepatitis B ■ Occult chronic HBV infection Order**: ■ EAG / Hepatitis Be Antigen, Serum ■ HEAB / Hepatitis Be Antibody, Serum ...
... ■ “Flare-up” chronic hepatitis B ■ Occult chronic HBV infection Order**: ■ EAG / Hepatitis Be Antigen, Serum ■ HEAB / Hepatitis Be Antibody, Serum ...
The Importance of Nutrition to Healthy Immune Function
... accessible sites (e.g. there are certain antibodies in saliva) • Isolate immune cells from blood and then study those cells in culture -> can measure functional responses ...
... accessible sites (e.g. there are certain antibodies in saliva) • Isolate immune cells from blood and then study those cells in culture -> can measure functional responses ...
Differential expression of surface membrane Trypanosoma congolense
... · N'Dama than those of the Baran cattle. These enhancements were expressed as both increases in PBM population and mean fluorescence expressed per cell (an indicator of number of epitopes per cell). Fig. 1 shows the differential graphical expression of the C3bi receptor on stimulated PBM of one N'Da ...
... · N'Dama than those of the Baran cattle. These enhancements were expressed as both increases in PBM population and mean fluorescence expressed per cell (an indicator of number of epitopes per cell). Fig. 1 shows the differential graphical expression of the C3bi receptor on stimulated PBM of one N'Da ...
How might infant and paediatric immune responses influence
... and adults from malaria endemic areas (26,27). Thus, these data further support an age-dependent regulation of B-cell differentiation and survival mechanisms to malaria antigens when first experienced early in life. To determine how much growth-inhibitory activity could be attributed to a single ant ...
... and adults from malaria endemic areas (26,27). Thus, these data further support an age-dependent regulation of B-cell differentiation and survival mechanisms to malaria antigens when first experienced early in life. To determine how much growth-inhibitory activity could be attributed to a single ant ...
Identification of an H Antigen-like Blood Group
... Sera from patients or normal individuals were diluted adequately with PBS containing 0.1% BSA and 0.01% normal mouse serum and placed in the wells of microplates coated with MAb C12 or UEA. The plates were incubated for 16 h at 4°Cand washed twice with PBS. Fifty ti\ of [I2!I]UEA or [125I]MAb C12 ( ...
... Sera from patients or normal individuals were diluted adequately with PBS containing 0.1% BSA and 0.01% normal mouse serum and placed in the wells of microplates coated with MAb C12 or UEA. The plates were incubated for 16 h at 4°Cand washed twice with PBS. Fifty ti\ of [I2!I]UEA or [125I]MAb C12 ( ...
Company presentation continous
... •Antibodies are made by a class of white blood cells •They are naturally present in the blood •Biological function is to perform defence functions •Each antigen causes the formation of a specific antibody •Recombinant DNA technology allows the engineer antibodies •It is possible to produce complete ...
... •Antibodies are made by a class of white blood cells •They are naturally present in the blood •Biological function is to perform defence functions •Each antigen causes the formation of a specific antibody •Recombinant DNA technology allows the engineer antibodies •It is possible to produce complete ...
NOD2 Variants and Antibody Response to Microbial Antigens in
... A hyperresponsive adaptive immunologic response to microbial antigens has been characterized in patients with CD and is believed to be reflective of the underlying immunopathogenesis of this disorder. Measures of this adaptive immunologic response include antibodies to oligomannan (anti–Saccharomyce ...
... A hyperresponsive adaptive immunologic response to microbial antigens has been characterized in patients with CD and is believed to be reflective of the underlying immunopathogenesis of this disorder. Measures of this adaptive immunologic response include antibodies to oligomannan (anti–Saccharomyce ...
Infusion Reactions - Chemotherapy
... binding to the specific target antigen is located on the upper part of the Y (two identical light chains) and is called the Fab (fragment, antigen binding) region. In contrast, the lower tail of the antibody (two identical heavy chains) contains the Fc (fragment crystallizable) region, which is resp ...
... binding to the specific target antigen is located on the upper part of the Y (two identical light chains) and is called the Fab (fragment, antigen binding) region. In contrast, the lower tail of the antibody (two identical heavy chains) contains the Fc (fragment crystallizable) region, which is resp ...
Recent progress in vaccines
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
Document
... • One agent is a humanized monoclonal antibody, dacliximab (Zenapax) and the other a mousehuman chimeric monoclonal antibody, basiliximab (Simulect). Simulect is given at transplant and is repeated 4 days later, whereas Zenapax is given within 24 hours of transplant and then at 14-day intervals for ...
... • One agent is a humanized monoclonal antibody, dacliximab (Zenapax) and the other a mousehuman chimeric monoclonal antibody, basiliximab (Simulect). Simulect is given at transplant and is repeated 4 days later, whereas Zenapax is given within 24 hours of transplant and then at 14-day intervals for ...
Prevalence of Serum IgG and Neutralizing Factors Against
... Nathwani et al., 2007; Toromanoff et al., 2008; Yue et al., 2008; Gregorevic et al., 2009). For many viruses, studies of the IgG subclasses that arise against viral antigens can provide insight into the nature and duration of the exposure or infection. IgG subclass responses were examined in serum s ...
... Nathwani et al., 2007; Toromanoff et al., 2008; Yue et al., 2008; Gregorevic et al., 2009). For many viruses, studies of the IgG subclasses that arise against viral antigens can provide insight into the nature and duration of the exposure or infection. IgG subclass responses were examined in serum s ...
Immunogold Labeling of Rosette Terminal Cellulose
... bulk cytoplasm attached to the replicas, allowing the replicas to be clearly viewed. Replicas obtained in this manner appear similar to those obtained by using conventional freeze-fracture techniques, in which harsh acid treatments customarily have been used to remove cell and tissue components. Ant ...
... bulk cytoplasm attached to the replicas, allowing the replicas to be clearly viewed. Replicas obtained in this manner appear similar to those obtained by using conventional freeze-fracture techniques, in which harsh acid treatments customarily have been used to remove cell and tissue components. Ant ...
Systems biology in vaccine design
... a particular disease upon administration to an animal/ human. A vaccine typically contains one or several antigens that resemble a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens st ...
... a particular disease upon administration to an animal/ human. A vaccine typically contains one or several antigens that resemble a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens st ...
Document
... responsible for promoting the uptake of antigen into antigenpresenting cells (APCs). A direct effect on cytokine levels in vivo has been observed. Recent studies have confirmed the ability of MF59 to have a direct effect on immune cells, triggering the release of chemokines and other factors respons ...
... responsible for promoting the uptake of antigen into antigenpresenting cells (APCs). A direct effect on cytokine levels in vivo has been observed. Recent studies have confirmed the ability of MF59 to have a direct effect on immune cells, triggering the release of chemokines and other factors respons ...
Establishment of immunohistochemical double staining
... system comprise different types of phagocytic cells. 2 T-‐cells These cells mature in the thymus and are thereby called T-‐cells. The T cells react to cell-‐ bound antigens presented by specific molecu ...
... system comprise different types of phagocytic cells. 2 T-‐cells These cells mature in the thymus and are thereby called T-‐cells. The T cells react to cell-‐ bound antigens presented by specific molecu ...
Full-Text PDF
... endoscopically, presenting in the colon and terminal ileum of normal humans. Formation of PPs requires multiple interactions between hematopoietic cells and SCs, in a precise time-window during embryogenesis [39,40]. Many of the PP lymphocytes reside in germinal centers (GCs). GCs are special microe ...
... endoscopically, presenting in the colon and terminal ileum of normal humans. Formation of PPs requires multiple interactions between hematopoietic cells and SCs, in a precise time-window during embryogenesis [39,40]. Many of the PP lymphocytes reside in germinal centers (GCs). GCs are special microe ...
Structural and functional aspects of factor viii in the initiation of the
... The completion of this thesis would have been impossible without the help of numerous people. First of all, I am thankful to Dr. Isabelle CREMER for kindly accepting the invitation to be the president of the jury. I wish to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. Peter LENTING and Dr. Bernard MAILLERE fo ...
... The completion of this thesis would have been impossible without the help of numerous people. First of all, I am thankful to Dr. Isabelle CREMER for kindly accepting the invitation to be the president of the jury. I wish to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. Peter LENTING and Dr. Bernard MAILLERE fo ...
THE MANY FACES OF MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES
... 1. The prevalence of MG is high and increases with age after the 6-th decade. 2. Its potential and susceptibility to evolve at 1.0 to 1.5 % per year into a plasmacytoid or lymphoid neoplasia is high: 7.3 X from the base line in an unaffected population of the ...
... 1. The prevalence of MG is high and increases with age after the 6-th decade. 2. Its potential and susceptibility to evolve at 1.0 to 1.5 % per year into a plasmacytoid or lymphoid neoplasia is high: 7.3 X from the base line in an unaffected population of the ...
Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes: IMGT® and
... the T cell receptors (TR) (3) (Figure 2). The IG recognize antigens in their native (unprocessed) form, whereas the TR recognize processed antigens, which are presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH, in humans HLA for human leukocyte antigens) proteins (Figure 2) ...
... the T cell receptors (TR) (3) (Figure 2). The IG recognize antigens in their native (unprocessed) form, whereas the TR recognize processed antigens, which are presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH, in humans HLA for human leukocyte antigens) proteins (Figure 2) ...
Plaque reduction test: an alternative method to assess specific
... immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blot analysis are commonly used for this purpose. However, using these methods, it is not easy to distinguish the antibody response against phage coat protein or the antibody response specific to the displayed peptide. The purified anti-Mycoplasma hyopneumon ...
... immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blot analysis are commonly used for this purpose. However, using these methods, it is not easy to distinguish the antibody response against phage coat protein or the antibody response specific to the displayed peptide. The purified anti-Mycoplasma hyopneumon ...
Synthesis and Characterization of Hapten-Protein
... immunoglobulin (Ig), fibrinogen, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Hapten-protein conjugates made with serum albumin are more frequently used than conjugates of γ-globulin or other carrier proteins. The haptenprotein conjugates of bovine, rabbit, and human serum albumin were found to be soluble ab ...
... immunoglobulin (Ig), fibrinogen, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Hapten-protein conjugates made with serum albumin are more frequently used than conjugates of γ-globulin or other carrier proteins. The haptenprotein conjugates of bovine, rabbit, and human serum albumin were found to be soluble ab ...
Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shape protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the variable region. Each tip of the ""Y"" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival). The ability of an antibody to communicate with the other components of the immune system is mediated via its Fc region (located at the base of the ""Y""), which contains a conserved glycosylation site involved in these interactions. The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.Antibodies are secreted by cells of the adaptive immune system (B cells), and more specifically, differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B cell receptor (BCR). The BCR is found only on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into either antibody factories called plasma cells or memory B cells that will survive in the body and remember that same antigen so the B cells can respond faster upon future exposure. In most cases, interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is necessary to produce full activation of the B cell and, therefore, antibody generation following antigen binding. Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids, as well as many secretions to continue to survey for invading microorganisms.Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; the terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably. Though strictly speaking, an antibody is not the same as an immunoglobulin; B cells can produce two types of immunoglobulins - surface immunoglobulins, which are B cell receptors; and secreted immunoglobulins, which are antibodies. So antibodies are one of two classes of immunoglobulins. Antibodies are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains. There are several different types of antibody heavy chains based on five different types of crystallisable fragments (Fc) that may be attached to the antigen-binding fragments. The five different types of Fc regions allow antibodies to be grouped into five isotypes. Each Fc region of a particular antibody isotype is able to bind to its specific Fc Receptor (except for IgD, which is essentially the BCR), thus allowing the antigen-antibody complex to mediate different roles depending on which FcR it binds. The ability of an antibody to bind to its corresponding FcR is further modulated by the structure of the glycan(s) present at conserved sites within its Fc region. The ability of antibodies to bind to FcRs helps to direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter. For example, IgE is responsible for an allergic response consisting of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. IgE's Fab paratope binds to allergic antigen, for example house dust mite particles, while its Fc region binds to Fc receptor ε. The allergen-IgE-FcRε interaction mediates allergic signal transduction to induce conditions such as asthma. Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen-binding sites, to exist. This region is known as the hypervariable region. Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen. This enormous diversity of antibody paratopes on the antigen-binding fragments allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens. The large and diverse population of antibody paratope is generated by random recombination events of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen-binding sites (or paratopes), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity. This recombinational process that produces clonal antibody paratope diversity is called V(D)J or VJ recombination. Basically, the antibody paratope is polygenic, made up of three genes, V, D, and J. Each paratope locus is also polymorphic, such that during antibody production, one allele of V, one of D, and one of J is chosen. These gene segments are then joined together using random genetic recombination to produce the paratope. The regions where the genes are randomly recombined together is the hyper variable region used to recognise different antigens on a clonal basis. Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the one type of heavy chain Fc fragment to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen-specific variable region. This allows a single antibody to be used by different types of Fc receptors, expressed on different parts of the immune system.