The Amino Terminus of Gαz is Required for Receptor Recognition
... ilar to the zt40 series. All three ztz chimeras with N-terminal 43 residues of G␣z but not zt43 coupled to DOR and stimulated AC2 in the presence of PTX (Fig. 2B). The results eliminated the assumption that the variation of the G-1 GTP-binding region of G␣z affected the receptor interaction and subs ...
... ilar to the zt40 series. All three ztz chimeras with N-terminal 43 residues of G␣z but not zt43 coupled to DOR and stimulated AC2 in the presence of PTX (Fig. 2B). The results eliminated the assumption that the variation of the G-1 GTP-binding region of G␣z affected the receptor interaction and subs ...
Introduced amino terminal epitopes can reduce surface expression
... Epitope insertion into the α4 subunit can reduce surface expression of α4β4 receptors We and others have inserted the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDK) near the amino-terminal end of GABAA receptor subunits without reducing surface expression [3, 4]. Accordingly, we constructed a nicotinic α4 subunit with FLA ...
... Epitope insertion into the α4 subunit can reduce surface expression of α4β4 receptors We and others have inserted the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDK) near the amino-terminal end of GABAA receptor subunits without reducing surface expression [3, 4]. Accordingly, we constructed a nicotinic α4 subunit with FLA ...
Chapter 9 Signal Transduction and Cell Growth
... cAMP (a second messenger), is normally deactivated when it binds to an A-kinase inhibitory protein. When cAMP binds to this kind of protein, the kinase and the inhibitor are separated from each other, thereby activating A-kinase and thus phosphorylating the target proteins. Kinases activated in the ...
... cAMP (a second messenger), is normally deactivated when it binds to an A-kinase inhibitory protein. When cAMP binds to this kind of protein, the kinase and the inhibitor are separated from each other, thereby activating A-kinase and thus phosphorylating the target proteins. Kinases activated in the ...
References - BioMed Central
... Appears to play a role in cell sterol metabolism: it may function to protect cells from overaccumulation of cholesterol This coatomer complex protein, essential for Golgi budding and vesicular trafficking, is a selective binding protein (RACK) for protein kinase C, epsilon type: it binds to Golgi me ...
... Appears to play a role in cell sterol metabolism: it may function to protect cells from overaccumulation of cholesterol This coatomer complex protein, essential for Golgi budding and vesicular trafficking, is a selective binding protein (RACK) for protein kinase C, epsilon type: it binds to Golgi me ...
Chemical Messengers
... • Exactly what it sounds like: – Two cells contact each other and… • some types of immune responses can start • cells know where they are… – neurons during growth and development ...
... • Exactly what it sounds like: – Two cells contact each other and… • some types of immune responses can start • cells know where they are… – neurons during growth and development ...
Receptors as Drug Targets
... • Agonists should bind and leave quickly - number of binding interactions is important • Antagonists are drugs designed to block the natural messenger • Antagonists tend to have stronger and/or more binding interactions, resulting in a different induced fit such that the receptor is not activated. ...
... • Agonists should bind and leave quickly - number of binding interactions is important • Antagonists are drugs designed to block the natural messenger • Antagonists tend to have stronger and/or more binding interactions, resulting in a different induced fit such that the receptor is not activated. ...
ATP as a Signaling Molecule: the Exocrine Focus
... cyclase. Other P2Y receptors can also couple to several distinct G proteins, e.g., P2Y1 and P2Y2 via Gq stimulate PLC, but via Gi they inhibit adenylate cyclase. P2Y2 can also stimulate phospholipase D (PLD) and breakdown of phosphatidylcholine. A multitude of receptors and signaling pathways offers ...
... cyclase. Other P2Y receptors can also couple to several distinct G proteins, e.g., P2Y1 and P2Y2 via Gq stimulate PLC, but via Gi they inhibit adenylate cyclase. P2Y2 can also stimulate phospholipase D (PLD) and breakdown of phosphatidylcholine. A multitude of receptors and signaling pathways offers ...
functional and structural complexity of signal transduction via g
... of the ultimate goal of co-crystalizing activated heptahelical receptors and Gprotein heterotrimers. Several segments in the Gα molecule undergo structural changes upon GTP hydrolysis and are designated switch regions (Lambright et al 1994, Mixon et al 1995). The most dramatic changes occur in the s ...
... of the ultimate goal of co-crystalizing activated heptahelical receptors and Gprotein heterotrimers. Several segments in the Gα molecule undergo structural changes upon GTP hydrolysis and are designated switch regions (Lambright et al 1994, Mixon et al 1995). The most dramatic changes occur in the s ...
neuropeptide y is a factor secreted by human endocardial
... endothelial cells (EECs) and that the activation of these receptors modulate cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verif ...
... endothelial cells (EECs) and that the activation of these receptors modulate cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verif ...
Segmental specification of GABAergic inhibition during
... All the other synaptic blockers tested (including blockers of alpha2-nordadrenergic or mu/delta enkephalinergic inhibitions) were ineffective on HF generation. (ii) The HF activity correlates with the appearance of a new class of rhythmically inhibited reticular neurons (IRN, Figure 1c) forming abou ...
... All the other synaptic blockers tested (including blockers of alpha2-nordadrenergic or mu/delta enkephalinergic inhibitions) were ineffective on HF generation. (ii) The HF activity correlates with the appearance of a new class of rhythmically inhibited reticular neurons (IRN, Figure 1c) forming abou ...
Recognition of complex carbohydrates by the macrophage mannose
... these two sources have identical sequences, suggesting that the receptor isolated from placenta is also macrophage-derived. The receptor is oriented as a type I transmembrane protein (C-terminus inside the cell) with a 41 amino-acid cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular portion of the receptor consist ...
... these two sources have identical sequences, suggesting that the receptor isolated from placenta is also macrophage-derived. The receptor is oriented as a type I transmembrane protein (C-terminus inside the cell) with a 41 amino-acid cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular portion of the receptor consist ...
Glutamate Controls the Induction of GABA
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
Biol. Cybern. 73, 195-207 (1995) - Institut für Biologie Neurobiologie
... receptor neurons are broadly tuned and may respond to many different odorants in a broad range of different concentrations (Vareschi 1971; Akers and Getz 1992). Certain properties demonstrate that the chemical reactions performed by the receptor cell are complex. The response as a function of the od ...
... receptor neurons are broadly tuned and may respond to many different odorants in a broad range of different concentrations (Vareschi 1971; Akers and Getz 1992). Certain properties demonstrate that the chemical reactions performed by the receptor cell are complex. The response as a function of the od ...
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor
... receptors10 and the receptor encoded by MAS oncogene.11,12 Our previous observation that Cb2 is a common virus integration site suggests that aberrant expression of this 7-transmembrane receptor may be a critical event in transformation in certain cases of leukemia.3 The protein-coding region of Cb2 ...
... receptors10 and the receptor encoded by MAS oncogene.11,12 Our previous observation that Cb2 is a common virus integration site suggests that aberrant expression of this 7-transmembrane receptor may be a critical event in transformation in certain cases of leukemia.3 The protein-coding region of Cb2 ...
Redistribution of Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptors Induced by
... There is now abundant evidence that the interaction between phosphomannosyl residues on newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes and Man-6-P receptors results in the selective targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes (6, 16). Although some cell types lack Man-6-P receptors (17), there is no doubt that ...
... There is now abundant evidence that the interaction between phosphomannosyl residues on newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes and Man-6-P receptors results in the selective targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes (6, 16). Although some cell types lack Man-6-P receptors (17), there is no doubt that ...
Receptor Activation and Homer Differentially Control the Lateral
... not stringent, because up to 75% of mGluR1/5 are found at nonsynaptic sites (Lujan et al., 1997). Concentration of mGluR1/5 at synaptic sites likely results from an equilibrium between synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors through low-affinity binding to partners in the PSD such as Homer or Shank (Br ...
... not stringent, because up to 75% of mGluR1/5 are found at nonsynaptic sites (Lujan et al., 1997). Concentration of mGluR1/5 at synaptic sites likely results from an equilibrium between synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors through low-affinity binding to partners in the PSD such as Homer or Shank (Br ...
D2 Dopamine Receptors in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons Reduce
... striatal medium spiny neurons. Direct measurements of neuronal activity have not provided a means of explaining these seemingly contradictory findings. Because the transcriptional and biochemical events at the heart of the signaling discrepancy are Ca 2⫹ dependent, a key question is whether D2 recep ...
... striatal medium spiny neurons. Direct measurements of neuronal activity have not provided a means of explaining these seemingly contradictory findings. Because the transcriptional and biochemical events at the heart of the signaling discrepancy are Ca 2⫹ dependent, a key question is whether D2 recep ...
Short Forms of Membrane Receptors: Generation and Role in
... * To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
... * To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
Early maternal deprivation immunologically primes
... We have recently described a dynamic and functional interaction between IL1-RI and the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) complex (Gardoni et al., 2011; Viviani et al., 2003). Indeed, both recombinant and glial released IL-1b potentiates NMDAR functions in primary hippocampal neurons by increasing NMDA-induced i ...
... We have recently described a dynamic and functional interaction between IL1-RI and the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) complex (Gardoni et al., 2011; Viviani et al., 2003). Indeed, both recombinant and glial released IL-1b potentiates NMDAR functions in primary hippocampal neurons by increasing NMDA-induced i ...
Distribution of P2X receptors in the rat adrenal gland
... stratified epithelium (Gröschel-Stewart et al. 1999), perhaps indicating a similar role in the adrenal gland. As the P2X1 -immunoreactive nerve fibres observed in the adrenal medulla formed terminal plexuses around the chromaffin cells, it appears that these fibres belong to the cholinergic pregangl ...
... stratified epithelium (Gröschel-Stewart et al. 1999), perhaps indicating a similar role in the adrenal gland. As the P2X1 -immunoreactive nerve fibres observed in the adrenal medulla formed terminal plexuses around the chromaffin cells, it appears that these fibres belong to the cholinergic pregangl ...
Analysis of the Juxtamembrane Dileucine Motif in the Insulin Receptor
... To investigate the importance of the dileucine pair at positions 986 and 987 in the juxtamembrane domain of the insulin receptor, we mutated the LeuLeu residues to MetSer and AlaAla, and expressed the various recombinant receptors in NIH-3T3 cells. Metabolic labeling studies confirmed that the mutan ...
... To investigate the importance of the dileucine pair at positions 986 and 987 in the juxtamembrane domain of the insulin receptor, we mutated the LeuLeu residues to MetSer and AlaAla, and expressed the various recombinant receptors in NIH-3T3 cells. Metabolic labeling studies confirmed that the mutan ...
Plant hormone receptors: perception is everything
... isolated, which led to the identification of the membrane-bound two-component input regulator, CRE1 (Inoue et al. 2001). Subsequently, two close homologs, AHK2 and AHK3, were also identified (Suzuki et al. 2001; Yamada et al. 2001; Higuchi et al. 2004). All three gene products have been shown to bin ...
... isolated, which led to the identification of the membrane-bound two-component input regulator, CRE1 (Inoue et al. 2001). Subsequently, two close homologs, AHK2 and AHK3, were also identified (Suzuki et al. 2001; Yamada et al. 2001; Higuchi et al. 2004). All three gene products have been shown to bin ...
Quantitative Receptor Binding Assay of Interleukin
... usually increases the sensitivity of the thymocyte response elicited by IL-l. However, thymocyte proliferation which is ~sually measured by determining [ 3HJ thymidine uptake would be influenced by any agents present in testing samples that affect cell growth and/or cell division. Moreover, the assa ...
... usually increases the sensitivity of the thymocyte response elicited by IL-l. However, thymocyte proliferation which is ~sually measured by determining [ 3HJ thymidine uptake would be influenced by any agents present in testing samples that affect cell growth and/or cell division. Moreover, the assa ...
The paraventricular nucleus - Wyoming Scholars Repository
... • Interestingly, once NK3R has been activated, NK3R has been found not only within the cytoplasm but also within the nucleus. ...
... • Interestingly, once NK3R has been activated, NK3R has been found not only within the cytoplasm but also within the nucleus. ...