Hormones and Signal Transduction III
... Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
... Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
Modulatory effects of histamine on cat carotid body chemoreception
... Histamine has been proposed to be an excitatory transmitter between the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor (glomus) cells and petrosal ganglion (PG) neurons. The histamine biosynthetic pathway, its storage and release, as well as the presence of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors have been found in the ...
... Histamine has been proposed to be an excitatory transmitter between the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor (glomus) cells and petrosal ganglion (PG) neurons. The histamine biosynthetic pathway, its storage and release, as well as the presence of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors have been found in the ...
Receptor Regulation of the Volume-Sensitive Efflux of Taurine and
... neural preparations can be enhanced after activation of cellsurface receptors. The latter include P2Y purinergic receptors in rat astrocytes (Mongin and Kimelberg, 2002, 2005), M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), lysophosphatidic and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in human SHSY5Y neurob ...
... neural preparations can be enhanced after activation of cellsurface receptors. The latter include P2Y purinergic receptors in rat astrocytes (Mongin and Kimelberg, 2002, 2005), M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), lysophosphatidic and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in human SHSY5Y neurob ...
Receptor Regulation of the Volume-Sensitive Efflux of Taurine and
... neural preparations can be enhanced after activation of cellsurface receptors. The latter include P2Y purinergic receptors in rat astrocytes (Mongin and Kimelberg, 2002, 2005), M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), lysophosphatidic and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in human SHSY5Y neurob ...
... neural preparations can be enhanced after activation of cellsurface receptors. The latter include P2Y purinergic receptors in rat astrocytes (Mongin and Kimelberg, 2002, 2005), M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), lysophosphatidic and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in human SHSY5Y neurob ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... through differential dopamine receptors. It regulates the striatonigral neurons via D1 dopamine receptors but regulates the striatopallidal neurons via D2-dopamine receptors (Gerfen et al., 1990; LeMoine and Bloch et al., 1995). In the striatum, dopaminergic and opioidergic neurons display interacti ...
... through differential dopamine receptors. It regulates the striatonigral neurons via D1 dopamine receptors but regulates the striatopallidal neurons via D2-dopamine receptors (Gerfen et al., 1990; LeMoine and Bloch et al., 1995). In the striatum, dopaminergic and opioidergic neurons display interacti ...
Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF
... inserted into the EcoRI site of the pGEM1 vector. This construct was linearized with AvaI and transcribed with T7, yielding an antisense transcript which protects 256 bases spanning the 3′ end of the Xwnt8 coding sequence. Goosecoid. A subclone of gsc (Blumberg et al., 1991) containing the coding re ...
... inserted into the EcoRI site of the pGEM1 vector. This construct was linearized with AvaI and transcribed with T7, yielding an antisense transcript which protects 256 bases spanning the 3′ end of the Xwnt8 coding sequence. Goosecoid. A subclone of gsc (Blumberg et al., 1991) containing the coding re ...
Dynamic Equilibrium of Neurotransmitter Transporters: Not Just for
... changes. We propose that the GABA transporter plays a dynamic role in control of brain excitability by modulating the level of tonic inhibition in response to neuronal activity. ...
... changes. We propose that the GABA transporter plays a dynamic role in control of brain excitability by modulating the level of tonic inhibition in response to neuronal activity. ...
Selective and differential interactions of BNN27
... to TrkA receptors results in its tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of the transcription factors CREB and NFkВ and the transcriptional control of the production of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (Charalampopoulos et al., 2004; Lazaridis et al., 2011). It is worth noticing that DHEA binds to all mamm ...
... to TrkA receptors results in its tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of the transcription factors CREB and NFkВ and the transcriptional control of the production of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (Charalampopoulos et al., 2004; Lazaridis et al., 2011). It is worth noticing that DHEA binds to all mamm ...
RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis
... activated) and (iii) mouse platelets (resting) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X-100 and stained for RXR (in red) and CD41 (in green, as a marker for the platelet membrane) with primary antibodies raised against RXR and CD41. Secondary antibodies conjugated to Al ...
... activated) and (iii) mouse platelets (resting) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X-100 and stained for RXR (in red) and CD41 (in green, as a marker for the platelet membrane) with primary antibodies raised against RXR and CD41. Secondary antibodies conjugated to Al ...
Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen
... gives rise to a secreted protein that exerts a longrange organizing influence on both compartments. Using clones of cells that express DPP, or in which DPP receptor activity has been constitutively activated or abolished, we show that DPP acts directly and at long range on responding cells, rather t ...
... gives rise to a secreted protein that exerts a longrange organizing influence on both compartments. Using clones of cells that express DPP, or in which DPP receptor activity has been constitutively activated or abolished, we show that DPP acts directly and at long range on responding cells, rather t ...
Evolutionarily conserved recognition and innate immunity to fungal
... to other pathogens, we infected WT and CED-1 mutant worms with the common human pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. By 144 h, ⵑ56% of CED-1 mutants died in response to Salmonella infection as compared with 25% of WT worms (Fig. S1 b), indicating that C ...
... to other pathogens, we infected WT and CED-1 mutant worms with the common human pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. By 144 h, ⵑ56% of CED-1 mutants died in response to Salmonella infection as compared with 25% of WT worms (Fig. S1 b), indicating that C ...
Chapter 8. GABAergic Interneurons of the Striatum
... Typical response of mouse striatal FSI to intracellular injection of current pulses. Note the low input resistance, the linear IV relation, and the characteristic nonlinear current-spiking relation where the minimum suprathreshold stimulus elicits a short burst of 3 spikes (black trace), whereas sli ...
... Typical response of mouse striatal FSI to intracellular injection of current pulses. Note the low input resistance, the linear IV relation, and the characteristic nonlinear current-spiking relation where the minimum suprathreshold stimulus elicits a short burst of 3 spikes (black trace), whereas sli ...
E-lectures True and False Statements
... 11) The regulation of PTH-synthesis and -secretion, the CT-synthesis and -secretion, the 1-hydroxylation of 25-OH-D and blood calcium levels closely and mutually regulate each other: a) PTH is enhanced by enhanced serum Calcium levels, while reduced by increased 1,25-diOH-D levels; b) CT is reduced ...
... 11) The regulation of PTH-synthesis and -secretion, the CT-synthesis and -secretion, the 1-hydroxylation of 25-OH-D and blood calcium levels closely and mutually regulate each other: a) PTH is enhanced by enhanced serum Calcium levels, while reduced by increased 1,25-diOH-D levels; b) CT is reduced ...
A mutation mimicking ligandinduced conformational change yields a
... references therein). RARs bind, and are activated by, alltrans (tRA) and 9-cis (9c-RA) retinoic acids, while RXRs respond only to 9c-RA. In addition, synthetic retinoids have been described which act as RAR (isotype)- and pan-RXR-specific agonists or antagonists (see Lehmann et al., 1992; Apfel et a ...
... references therein). RARs bind, and are activated by, alltrans (tRA) and 9-cis (9c-RA) retinoic acids, while RXRs respond only to 9c-RA. In addition, synthetic retinoids have been described which act as RAR (isotype)- and pan-RXR-specific agonists or antagonists (see Lehmann et al., 1992; Apfel et a ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen, 1998) blocks Ca2+ spiking induced by this hormone (Cancela et al., 1998). It is not known whether cADPR receptor ...
... (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen, 1998) blocks Ca2+ spiking induced by this hormone (Cancela et al., 1998). It is not known whether cADPR receptor ...
Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... (DMSO) treatment. As shown in Fig. 1C, most of undifferentiated PLB-985 cells did not express ILT4 on their surface. However, ILT4 expression was detected on neutrophil-like cells after treatment with DMF or DMSO (70.05 ± 1.55% and 88.10 ± 1.27%, respectively, at day 5, vs. 0.78 ± 0.45% at day 0; P ...
... (DMSO) treatment. As shown in Fig. 1C, most of undifferentiated PLB-985 cells did not express ILT4 on their surface. However, ILT4 expression was detected on neutrophil-like cells after treatment with DMF or DMSO (70.05 ± 1.55% and 88.10 ± 1.27%, respectively, at day 5, vs. 0.78 ± 0.45% at day 0; P ...
Regulation of ryanodine receptors from skeletal and cardiac muscle
... (724Glu-Pro760), were found to interact with isolated RyRs.36-42 Of particular interest is the CS peptide which is the region of the II-III loop which is thought to be a determinant of skeletal EC coupling. Application of this peptide to isolated skeletal RyRs resulted in a decrease in their Mg2+-in ...
... (724Glu-Pro760), were found to interact with isolated RyRs.36-42 Of particular interest is the CS peptide which is the region of the II-III loop which is thought to be a determinant of skeletal EC coupling. Application of this peptide to isolated skeletal RyRs resulted in a decrease in their Mg2+-in ...
Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression by
... cally influences the differentiation of sympathetic neurons (Levi-Montalcini and Booker, 1960a; Snider, 1988; Thoenen et al., 1971). To assess any NGF-mediated changes in abundance of NGF receptor that might play a role in this response, we injected neonatal animals with 2.5S NGF from postnatal days ...
... cally influences the differentiation of sympathetic neurons (Levi-Montalcini and Booker, 1960a; Snider, 1988; Thoenen et al., 1971). To assess any NGF-mediated changes in abundance of NGF receptor that might play a role in this response, we injected neonatal animals with 2.5S NGF from postnatal days ...
Melatonin Receptors Trigger cAMP Production and Inhibit Chloride
... The actions of melatonin in the reduction of IOP are taking place mainly on the ciliary body as noted above. Interestingly, the actions melatonin and analogs can exert on this part of the eye are not only the short-term IOP reduction (Pintor et al., 2001, 2003) but they also produce a long-term effe ...
... The actions of melatonin in the reduction of IOP are taking place mainly on the ciliary body as noted above. Interestingly, the actions melatonin and analogs can exert on this part of the eye are not only the short-term IOP reduction (Pintor et al., 2001, 2003) but they also produce a long-term effe ...
The Physiology, Signaling, and Pharmacology of Dopamine Receptors
... IV. Dopamine receptor signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. cAMP, protein kinase A, DARPP-32, and associated proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Amplification of protein kin ...
... IV. Dopamine receptor signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. cAMP, protein kinase A, DARPP-32, and associated proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Amplification of protein kin ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic ...
... terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic ...
Regulatory Mechanisms of Monofunctional and
... of the Ah locus in the regulation of Phase II enzymes have not been convincing (28-30). In contradistinction, monofunctional inducers have little ap parent structural similarity. Their mechanism does not appear 4 The enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics have been classified into two bro ...
... of the Ah locus in the regulation of Phase II enzymes have not been convincing (28-30). In contradistinction, monofunctional inducers have little ap parent structural similarity. Their mechanism does not appear 4 The enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics have been classified into two bro ...
laboratory of photoenvironmental biology
... irradiation and the increased cAMP level decreased within 10 s and gradually returned to the initial level even if irradiation continued. The time course of intracellular ...
... irradiation and the increased cAMP level decreased within 10 s and gradually returned to the initial level even if irradiation continued. The time course of intracellular ...
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... regulation of steroid hormone and sterol homeostasis. Introduction Steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives that serve as signaling molecules to coordinate the expression of complex gene programs in higher eukaryotes. These molecules exert their effects by diffusing into cells and interacting wi ...
... regulation of steroid hormone and sterol homeostasis. Introduction Steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives that serve as signaling molecules to coordinate the expression of complex gene programs in higher eukaryotes. These molecules exert their effects by diffusing into cells and interacting wi ...
The immunomodulatory actions of adenosine during systemic
... therefore requires higher concentrations of adenosine for activation. Adenosine receptor signalling is complex. Not only does it vary between receptor subtypes, it also depends on the specific cell type involved.14 Since adenosine receptors are present on all types of cells, its therapeutic potentia ...
... therefore requires higher concentrations of adenosine for activation. Adenosine receptor signalling is complex. Not only does it vary between receptor subtypes, it also depends on the specific cell type involved.14 Since adenosine receptors are present on all types of cells, its therapeutic potentia ...