![Ms. Costello`s and Dr. Gocke`s PowerPoint slides](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003103546_1-9354395e32a8f95c706728cf62e6909f-300x300.png)
Ms. Costello`s and Dr. Gocke`s PowerPoint slides
... After internal processing, a small piece or peptide of the antigen is presented on the cell surface in a groove of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, where an activated or memory T cell can recognize and interact with it. ...
... After internal processing, a small piece or peptide of the antigen is presented on the cell surface in a groove of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, where an activated or memory T cell can recognize and interact with it. ...
1 Continue… 2nd part Morphology Primary Tuberculosis. In
... through the systemic arterial system. Almost every organ in the body can be seeded. most prominent in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, adrenals, meninges, kidneys, fallopian tubes, and epididymis Isolated-organ tuberculosis may appear in any of the organs or tissues seeded hematogenously and may be t ...
... through the systemic arterial system. Almost every organ in the body can be seeded. most prominent in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, adrenals, meninges, kidneys, fallopian tubes, and epididymis Isolated-organ tuberculosis may appear in any of the organs or tissues seeded hematogenously and may be t ...
Presentation Title Here Presentation Subtitle Here
... Innate Immunity to M. tuberculosis • Promote bacterial killing with phagosomal maturation, producing reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates • Several pathways and cell types mediate an innate immune response to MTB • Therefore, many individuals may fail to have an immunodiagnostic evidence of M ...
... Innate Immunity to M. tuberculosis • Promote bacterial killing with phagosomal maturation, producing reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates • Several pathways and cell types mediate an innate immune response to MTB • Therefore, many individuals may fail to have an immunodiagnostic evidence of M ...
Lesson Plan - The Vaccine Makers Project
... Complement system proteins identify potential pathogens. These proteins activate the inflammatory response to an infection. In some cases during bacterial infections, the proteins help kill bacteria by making holes in the bacterial membrane. Cytokines – Small protein molecules Cytokines play a role ...
... Complement system proteins identify potential pathogens. These proteins activate the inflammatory response to an infection. In some cases during bacterial infections, the proteins help kill bacteria by making holes in the bacterial membrane. Cytokines – Small protein molecules Cytokines play a role ...
Arachidonic acid mobilization by stimuli of the innate immune
... TLR2. Little information is available on TLR2-mediated stimulation of PLA2 leading to AA mobilization. Suram et al. (48) showed that, in RAW264.7 macrophages, TLR2 acts together with dectin-1 to activate cPLA2α and cyclooxygenase2 expression upon stimulation with soluble lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) and p ...
... TLR2. Little information is available on TLR2-mediated stimulation of PLA2 leading to AA mobilization. Suram et al. (48) showed that, in RAW264.7 macrophages, TLR2 acts together with dectin-1 to activate cPLA2α and cyclooxygenase2 expression upon stimulation with soluble lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) and p ...
Environmental oxygen tension affects phenotype - AJP-Lung
... environment, while retaining the ability to mount innate and specific immune responses. This allows most contaminants to be cleared by mechanical means, avoiding constant inflammatory reactions that would result in chronic damage. The alveolar macrophage (AM) is in close contact with the environment ...
... environment, while retaining the ability to mount innate and specific immune responses. This allows most contaminants to be cleared by mechanical means, avoiding constant inflammatory reactions that would result in chronic damage. The alveolar macrophage (AM) is in close contact with the environment ...
Immunity to microbes
... microbial attachment, growth and reattachment to exposed epithelial cells, or growth of microbes in saliva at a rate exceeding the salivary flow or dilution rate. When the oral mucosa is compromised (e.g. Sjogren’s syndrome or chemotherapy), infections frequently develop. Saliva has multiple antimic ...
... microbial attachment, growth and reattachment to exposed epithelial cells, or growth of microbes in saliva at a rate exceeding the salivary flow or dilution rate. When the oral mucosa is compromised (e.g. Sjogren’s syndrome or chemotherapy), infections frequently develop. Saliva has multiple antimic ...
Lymphatic Immune
... 3. Briefly summarize the aspects of the second line of defense in non-specific immunity: phagocytosis, inflammation, and immune chemicals such as complement,etc.. 4. Describe the series of events in the inflammatory response. Be sure to include the “cause” of each of the three inflammation symptoms: ...
... 3. Briefly summarize the aspects of the second line of defense in non-specific immunity: phagocytosis, inflammation, and immune chemicals such as complement,etc.. 4. Describe the series of events in the inflammatory response. Be sure to include the “cause” of each of the three inflammation symptoms: ...
Measuring immunity
... How: Shoot samples through FACS machine; laser activated tagged cells and counts based on size & granularity Need: Tagged antibodies specific to cell subtypes (commercial) ...
... How: Shoot samples through FACS machine; laser activated tagged cells and counts based on size & granularity Need: Tagged antibodies specific to cell subtypes (commercial) ...
Brain-Spleen Inflammatory Coupling: A Literature Review 4 BRIEF MEDICAL REVIEWS
... a strong inflammatory response by endogenous neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. In addition, circulating lymphocytes and macrophages are found within the brain parenchyma even in the absence of damage to the blood-brain barrier (Dickson et al., 1993). Outside the brain, the systemic inflammatory re ...
... a strong inflammatory response by endogenous neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. In addition, circulating lymphocytes and macrophages are found within the brain parenchyma even in the absence of damage to the blood-brain barrier (Dickson et al., 1993). Outside the brain, the systemic inflammatory re ...
ISTOLOGY
... Caries dentin is demineralized dentin proteins released Cytokine expression by pulp cells (odontoblasts, fibroblasts, dendritic cells) – IL-8 for PMNs; those that induce vascular permeability, promote dentinogenesis & repair, arrest caries progression (TNF, GFs) Barkhorder, et.al, 1999; Tyler ...
... Caries dentin is demineralized dentin proteins released Cytokine expression by pulp cells (odontoblasts, fibroblasts, dendritic cells) – IL-8 for PMNs; those that induce vascular permeability, promote dentinogenesis & repair, arrest caries progression (TNF, GFs) Barkhorder, et.al, 1999; Tyler ...
Biology of Bony Fish Macrophages
... environments, and upon infection, are typically one of the first cell types to encounter intruding pathogens, where they orchestrate appropriate immune responses. Our understanding of macrophage biology has greatly expanded since the first description of starfish larvae phagocytes in 1882 by Élie Me ...
... environments, and upon infection, are typically one of the first cell types to encounter intruding pathogens, where they orchestrate appropriate immune responses. Our understanding of macrophage biology has greatly expanded since the first description of starfish larvae phagocytes in 1882 by Élie Me ...
Pathology of Infectious Diseases
... The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again. The image cannot be displ ...
... The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again. The image cannot be displ ...
The Immune Response to Mycobacterium
... Neutrophils also play a defensive role, not only as first-line non-specific phagocytes, but also by secreting anti-bacterial proteins, mainly the cathelicidin LL-37 [1,14]. Neutrophils loaded by phagocytized bacteria become apoptotic, thereby eliciting macrophage activation [15]. NK cells, which are ...
... Neutrophils also play a defensive role, not only as first-line non-specific phagocytes, but also by secreting anti-bacterial proteins, mainly the cathelicidin LL-37 [1,14]. Neutrophils loaded by phagocytized bacteria become apoptotic, thereby eliciting macrophage activation [15]. NK cells, which are ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI
... 7. Immediately following a break in the skin, phagocytes engulf bacteria within the wound. This is an example of an adaptive immune response. 8. IgM immunoglobulin class is first to be synthesized in an immune system response to pathogen. 9.. Thymidine kinase is involved in the salvage pathway of pu ...
... 7. Immediately following a break in the skin, phagocytes engulf bacteria within the wound. This is an example of an adaptive immune response. 8. IgM immunoglobulin class is first to be synthesized in an immune system response to pathogen. 9.. Thymidine kinase is involved in the salvage pathway of pu ...
Modeling the three stages in HIV infection
... The death rate of CD4þT cells in humans is not well characterized. This parameter has been chosen in a number of works as dT ¼ 0:01 day1 , see for example Kirschner and Perelson (1995). The immune system response is not included explicitly in the model, but this response is generally considered in ...
... The death rate of CD4þT cells in humans is not well characterized. This parameter has been chosen in a number of works as dT ¼ 0:01 day1 , see for example Kirschner and Perelson (1995). The immune system response is not included explicitly in the model, but this response is generally considered in ...
Lymphatic System: Overview
... Medullary cords extend from the cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells Throughout the node are lymph sinuses crisscrossed by reticular fibers Macrophages reside on these fibers and phagocytize foreign matter ...
... Medullary cords extend from the cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells Throughout the node are lymph sinuses crisscrossed by reticular fibers Macrophages reside on these fibers and phagocytize foreign matter ...
Immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract and its impact on
... lower levels of MHC Class II and co-stimulatory molecules, than their tissue-resident counterparts [9]. In the steady-state they display a suppressive phenotype mediated by the secretion of IL-10, nitric oxide or TGF [10,11]. They are also poorly phagocytic compared to peritoneal macrophages [12] a ...
... lower levels of MHC Class II and co-stimulatory molecules, than their tissue-resident counterparts [9]. In the steady-state they display a suppressive phenotype mediated by the secretion of IL-10, nitric oxide or TGF [10,11]. They are also poorly phagocytic compared to peritoneal macrophages [12] a ...
Nervous System
... characteristics and functioning of sex organs. • Testis - controls development of secondary sex characteristics and functioning of sex organs. • Pancreatic islets – helps regulate blood sugar. • Pineal gland - believed to regulate biorhythms and moods and stimulate the onset of puberty. ...
... characteristics and functioning of sex organs. • Testis - controls development of secondary sex characteristics and functioning of sex organs. • Pancreatic islets – helps regulate blood sugar. • Pineal gland - believed to regulate biorhythms and moods and stimulate the onset of puberty. ...
Lecture outline : Immunity This is a protective or defense mechanism
... Active and Passive Immunity • Active immunity is resistance acquired after contact with • foreign antigens, eg, microorganisims • This contact may consist of : • Clinical or subclinical infections • Immunization with live or killed infectious agents or their antigens. • Exposure to microbial product ...
... Active and Passive Immunity • Active immunity is resistance acquired after contact with • foreign antigens, eg, microorganisims • This contact may consist of : • Clinical or subclinical infections • Immunization with live or killed infectious agents or their antigens. • Exposure to microbial product ...
Membrane Receptors for Antigen
... • BCRs (surface Igs) and TCRs both recognize a variety of chemical structures, but B-cells (as with the Igs they secrete) can “see” antigens in isolation • T cells recognize antigens when they are associated with normal cells -- they recognize “foreign” in the context of “self” • The “self” they see ...
... • BCRs (surface Igs) and TCRs both recognize a variety of chemical structures, but B-cells (as with the Igs they secrete) can “see” antigens in isolation • T cells recognize antigens when they are associated with normal cells -- they recognize “foreign” in the context of “self” • The “self” they see ...
miRNA-124 in Immune System and Immune Disorders
... miRNAs are increasingly being distinguished as crucial modulators of gene expression in many biological processes, such as cell maturation (7), differentiation, proliferation (8), metastasis (9), apoptosis (2), and autophagy (10). Specifically, miR-124 was initially verified by cloning studies in mi ...
... miRNAs are increasingly being distinguished as crucial modulators of gene expression in many biological processes, such as cell maturation (7), differentiation, proliferation (8), metastasis (9), apoptosis (2), and autophagy (10). Specifically, miR-124 was initially verified by cloning studies in mi ...
Clinical Toxicology Innate Immune System Research Article
... activity, Freitas et al. (2010) reported that exposure of isolated human neutrophils to CdCl2 caused increases in the production of ROS, specifically O2 −, H2O2, and HOCl, both spontaneously and following activation of the cells with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) [21]. The latte ...
... activity, Freitas et al. (2010) reported that exposure of isolated human neutrophils to CdCl2 caused increases in the production of ROS, specifically O2 −, H2O2, and HOCl, both spontaneously and following activation of the cells with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) [21]. The latte ...
type_III_and_IV_HS_r..
... - initiated by introduction of an antigen, a protein, and interaction with immunocompetent cells formation of antibodies which are secreted into blood they react with antigen still present in the circulation to form antigen-antibody complexes 2.) deposition of the immune complexes in various tiss ...
... - initiated by introduction of an antigen, a protein, and interaction with immunocompetent cells formation of antibodies which are secreted into blood they react with antigen still present in the circulation to form antigen-antibody complexes 2.) deposition of the immune complexes in various tiss ...
Macrophage
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrophage.jpg?width=300)
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.