Slide 1 - Dental Student Pathology
... injection • precipitated at injection site • example: Arthus reaction ...
... injection • precipitated at injection site • example: Arthus reaction ...
Chronic Inflammation
... organs whose cells are able to regenerate. Attempts at repairing tissue damage then occur by replacement of non-regenerated parenchymal cells by connective tissue, which in time produces fibrosis and scarring. The process is granulation tissue and is fundamentally similar to that occurring in the he ...
... organs whose cells are able to regenerate. Attempts at repairing tissue damage then occur by replacement of non-regenerated parenchymal cells by connective tissue, which in time produces fibrosis and scarring. The process is granulation tissue and is fundamentally similar to that occurring in the he ...
CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES March 27, 2008 Ronald B. Smeltz
... • Binding to cytokine receptor • Activation of Jak-Stat pathway • Biological effect 1. Cytokines can be secreted in the following manner: • autocrine production: when the cell that secretes the cytokine is also the target cell • paracrine production: when the cytokine binds to a receptor that is exp ...
... • Binding to cytokine receptor • Activation of Jak-Stat pathway • Biological effect 1. Cytokines can be secreted in the following manner: • autocrine production: when the cell that secretes the cytokine is also the target cell • paracrine production: when the cytokine binds to a receptor that is exp ...
Immunity Against Fungal Infections
... mediate inflammatory signaling to phagocytes (such as macrophages) may lead to the decline of the infected patient. Thus, modulating Th1 cells can boost the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal agents. Th2 cells, activated by IL-4 and IL-13, generate cytokines including IL-5 (Fig. 1) that can limit th ...
... mediate inflammatory signaling to phagocytes (such as macrophages) may lead to the decline of the infected patient. Thus, modulating Th1 cells can boost the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal agents. Th2 cells, activated by IL-4 and IL-13, generate cytokines including IL-5 (Fig. 1) that can limit th ...
Exploring Alveolar Macrophages as HIV Reservoirs
... In the experimental model, zinc supplementation restored alveolar macrophage innate immune function in HIV transgenic rats. The research team hypothesised that treatment with zinc and a glutathione precursor could improve macrophage function in immunological non-responders (individuals who display a ...
... In the experimental model, zinc supplementation restored alveolar macrophage innate immune function in HIV transgenic rats. The research team hypothesised that treatment with zinc and a glutathione precursor could improve macrophage function in immunological non-responders (individuals who display a ...
Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing - AJP-Cell
... immune functions have been investigated primarily using male laboratory animals. Immune function in normal males and females has been reported to be influenced by sex steroids (10). In this regard, it appears that better-maintained immune functions in females are due not only to physiological levels ...
... immune functions have been investigated primarily using male laboratory animals. Immune function in normal males and females has been reported to be influenced by sex steroids (10). In this regard, it appears that better-maintained immune functions in females are due not only to physiological levels ...
09-ACUTE INFLAMMATION.morphology, pptx
... hereditary deficiency of complement components, especially C3 (critical for both the classical and alternative pathways), results in an increased susceptibility to infection with pyogenic bacteria. Inherited deficiencies of C1q, C2, and C4 do not make individuals susceptible to infections, but they ...
... hereditary deficiency of complement components, especially C3 (critical for both the classical and alternative pathways), results in an increased susceptibility to infection with pyogenic bacteria. Inherited deficiencies of C1q, C2, and C4 do not make individuals susceptible to infections, but they ...
The Emerging Understanding of Myeloid Cells as Partners and
... mechanisms utilized by these cells (14). Although the MDSC moniker was initially a useful paradigm for explaining the absence of T-cell reactivity in the TME, it remains to be determined if these are a cell type with in vivo functionality. In addition to immature myeloid cells, most tumors in mice a ...
... mechanisms utilized by these cells (14). Although the MDSC moniker was initially a useful paradigm for explaining the absence of T-cell reactivity in the TME, it remains to be determined if these are a cell type with in vivo functionality. In addition to immature myeloid cells, most tumors in mice a ...
Pregnancy enhances the innate immune response in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis through
... Also, a few anecdotal observations in humans indicated that women infected subclinically with Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum developed overt disease during gestation [9, 10]. This evidence suggests that pregnancy may increase the risk of developing leishmaniasis; however, there are no ep ...
... Also, a few anecdotal observations in humans indicated that women infected subclinically with Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum developed overt disease during gestation [9, 10]. This evidence suggests that pregnancy may increase the risk of developing leishmaniasis; however, there are no ep ...
Alveolar macrophages (AMs)
... independent of capsule serotype - anti-protein response to colonisation often dominant • protein antigens maybe crossprotective ...
... independent of capsule serotype - anti-protein response to colonisation often dominant • protein antigens maybe crossprotective ...
Lecture 12 - Immunology
... Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells): Attack any cell with an unusual plasma membrane, such as cells that are infected by a virus or have become cancerous. Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen ...
... Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells): Attack any cell with an unusual plasma membrane, such as cells that are infected by a virus or have become cancerous. Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen ...
Lung Host Defenses: A Status
... may be merences. For instance, in studying the kinetics of Peyer's patch immunization in Lewis rats Levin and colleagues's found little antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation in Peyer's patches themselves, but found it in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes instead. This would suggest in the gut th ...
... may be merences. For instance, in studying the kinetics of Peyer's patch immunization in Lewis rats Levin and colleagues's found little antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation in Peyer's patches themselves, but found it in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes instead. This would suggest in the gut th ...
Autoimmune Diseases
... Multiple elements of the immune system may be disrupted (including complement, with opportunistic infections). Incidence ~40 / 100 000. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), against dsDNA (fluctuanting with flare-ups), and against small ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs, like Smith -Sm- antigen) exposed by cell ne ...
... Multiple elements of the immune system may be disrupted (including complement, with opportunistic infections). Incidence ~40 / 100 000. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), against dsDNA (fluctuanting with flare-ups), and against small ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs, like Smith -Sm- antigen) exposed by cell ne ...
BRUCELLOSIS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM (Part 3)
... host responses to infection, inflammation and trauma. Some are proinflammatory while others are anti-inflammatory in order to control excessive inflammatory response which in itself may be a virility factor of certain pathogens. Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially endo/epithelial cells and ...
... host responses to infection, inflammation and trauma. Some are proinflammatory while others are anti-inflammatory in order to control excessive inflammatory response which in itself may be a virility factor of certain pathogens. Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially endo/epithelial cells and ...
Powerpoint
... products of the innate response, they change, and move from the local area through the lymphatics to the draining lymph node (next slide) as they mature into the best antigen-presenting cells. • Iccosomes are clumps of stored antigen-antibody immune complexes, which allow the dendritic cell to stimu ...
... products of the innate response, they change, and move from the local area through the lymphatics to the draining lymph node (next slide) as they mature into the best antigen-presenting cells. • Iccosomes are clumps of stored antigen-antibody immune complexes, which allow the dendritic cell to stimu ...
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of
... wall are α and β-glucan. The function of β-glucan is to support the fungal cell shape while, α-glucan can contribute to cell wall integrity [11]. Thus, the decreasing of the β and α-glucan contents might be due to the decreasing of the cell wall level when cell lysis occurred towards the end of the ...
... wall are α and β-glucan. The function of β-glucan is to support the fungal cell shape while, α-glucan can contribute to cell wall integrity [11]. Thus, the decreasing of the β and α-glucan contents might be due to the decreasing of the cell wall level when cell lysis occurred towards the end of the ...
Immunological aspects of age-related diseases
... Myeloid cell aging Innate immune cells include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells and others[44]. Among them “myeloid cell” here include granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. We review recent findi ...
... Myeloid cell aging Innate immune cells include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells and others[44]. Among them “myeloid cell” here include granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. We review recent findi ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with Regulatory Mechanisms
... experiments predicting elements of the system that contribute to the different disease outcomes. This model makes specific predictions concerning the roles of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-␥, and IL-4 and describes key elements of cell-mediated immunity that lead to latency or active disease. Primary TB, the re ...
... experiments predicting elements of the system that contribute to the different disease outcomes. This model makes specific predictions concerning the roles of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-␥, and IL-4 and describes key elements of cell-mediated immunity that lead to latency or active disease. Primary TB, the re ...
Slide 1
... As a result of pathogen- or chemical-induced membrane damage (DAMPS; including: ssRNA, dsRNA, and CpG DNA, and endogenous nucleotides), or contact with a pathogen (PAMPS; including: LPS, bacterial peptidoglycans, bacterial flagellin, envelope proteins from viruses and hemagglutinin protein) a varie ...
... As a result of pathogen- or chemical-induced membrane damage (DAMPS; including: ssRNA, dsRNA, and CpG DNA, and endogenous nucleotides), or contact with a pathogen (PAMPS; including: LPS, bacterial peptidoglycans, bacterial flagellin, envelope proteins from viruses and hemagglutinin protein) a varie ...
Virus interactions with endocytic pathways in macrophages and
... [11]. Professional phagocytic cells generate reactive oxygen species highly toxic for pathogens, or they perforate membranes or digest invading pathogens by hydrolytic enzymes. The immune surveillance function of macrophages and DCs crucially depends on highly active endocytic processes [for review ...
... [11]. Professional phagocytic cells generate reactive oxygen species highly toxic for pathogens, or they perforate membranes or digest invading pathogens by hydrolytic enzymes. The immune surveillance function of macrophages and DCs crucially depends on highly active endocytic processes [for review ...
A Model to Predict Cell-Mediated Immune
... experiments predicting elements of the system that contribute to the different disease outcomes. This model makes specific predictions concerning the roles of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-␥, and IL-4 and describes key elements of cell-mediated immunity that lead to latency or active disease. Primary TB, the re ...
... experiments predicting elements of the system that contribute to the different disease outcomes. This model makes specific predictions concerning the roles of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-␥, and IL-4 and describes key elements of cell-mediated immunity that lead to latency or active disease. Primary TB, the re ...
GALT Fortifier - Julia Hunter, MD
... Beta 1,3-D Glucan (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 90% Beta Glucans) Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide that can enhance the body’s immune response especially with fungus along with bacteria and virus. Beta-glucan can activate the ‘first responders’ of the immune system, the white blood cells (macrophage ...
... Beta 1,3-D Glucan (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 90% Beta Glucans) Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide that can enhance the body’s immune response especially with fungus along with bacteria and virus. Beta-glucan can activate the ‘first responders’ of the immune system, the white blood cells (macrophage ...
Macrophage
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.