Helper T cells and atherosclerosis: the cytokine web
... It is the Th2 cells that are stimulated by the DC2, which further help B cells to produce antibodies. Macrophages are an essential part of the immune defences in a host and they act as the most important agents for host defences in primitive organisms. With evolution there has been a shift in import ...
... It is the Th2 cells that are stimulated by the DC2, which further help B cells to produce antibodies. Macrophages are an essential part of the immune defences in a host and they act as the most important agents for host defences in primitive organisms. With evolution there has been a shift in import ...
Identification of a new monosaccharide in Mycobacterium
... effective anti-TB drugs and for rapid, specific and sensitive diagnostic tests for the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The ability of the Mtb to enter and colonise macrophage cells can, in part, be attributed to a carbohydrate structure called lipoarabinomannan (LAM, Fig. 1a), tha ...
... effective anti-TB drugs and for rapid, specific and sensitive diagnostic tests for the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The ability of the Mtb to enter and colonise macrophage cells can, in part, be attributed to a carbohydrate structure called lipoarabinomannan (LAM, Fig. 1a), tha ...
Immunomodulating polysaccharides from the lichen Thamnolia
... Lentinan and other similar b-glucans have been used as prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer in Japan (Mizuno 1999). Considering the effect of the lentinan-like Ths-2 in inducing TNF-a secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages, and its previously reported anti-complementary activity (Olafsdot ...
... Lentinan and other similar b-glucans have been used as prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer in Japan (Mizuno 1999). Considering the effect of the lentinan-like Ths-2 in inducing TNF-a secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages, and its previously reported anti-complementary activity (Olafsdot ...
Contribution of myeloid and lymphoid host cells to the curative
... ingestion of tumor cell remnants. Acting as APCs, and directed by PDT-induced stimulatory and accessory signaling, these macrophages may process peptides from ingested cancer cells and present them on their membranes in the context of MHC molecules. This will enable the recognition of tumor antigens ...
... ingestion of tumor cell remnants. Acting as APCs, and directed by PDT-induced stimulatory and accessory signaling, these macrophages may process peptides from ingested cancer cells and present them on their membranes in the context of MHC molecules. This will enable the recognition of tumor antigens ...
2,6-sialylated Fc
... The precise mechanism by which IVIG suppresses harmful inflammation has not been definitively established BUT…. is believed to involve the Fc receptor… How? Which one(s)? ...
... The precise mechanism by which IVIG suppresses harmful inflammation has not been definitively established BUT…. is believed to involve the Fc receptor… How? Which one(s)? ...
OSE Immunotherapeutics Presented New Data at AACR* Annual
... The preclinical safety of OSE-172 was first established without any binding to or potential interaction with human red blood cells and platelets while CD47 is expressed on these hematological cells. Furthermore, CD47 interacts with several other ligands and physiological functions, such as the CD47/ ...
... The preclinical safety of OSE-172 was first established without any binding to or potential interaction with human red blood cells and platelets while CD47 is expressed on these hematological cells. Furthermore, CD47 interacts with several other ligands and physiological functions, such as the CD47/ ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... and foreign substances from the lymph as macrophages Activation of the immune ...
... and foreign substances from the lymph as macrophages Activation of the immune ...
Full-text
... was the first step towards the concept of “stress”47, 48. Then, additional terms were introduced, according to which stress may be either “spice of life or kiss of death”34, 49. Thus, “eustress” (i.e. good stress) arises in response to a variety of everyday stimuli, initiating responses beneficial t ...
... was the first step towards the concept of “stress”47, 48. Then, additional terms were introduced, according to which stress may be either “spice of life or kiss of death”34, 49. Thus, “eustress” (i.e. good stress) arises in response to a variety of everyday stimuli, initiating responses beneficial t ...
Three major uncertainties in the antibody therapy
... assess ADCC function in candidate anti-tumor antibodies, have not been shown to express the inhibitory FcγRIIB (apart from a subpopulation of mouse NK cells comprising <1% of the total40). These facts led to the conclusion that macrophages are the major effector cells involved.31 Supporting evidence ...
... assess ADCC function in candidate anti-tumor antibodies, have not been shown to express the inhibitory FcγRIIB (apart from a subpopulation of mouse NK cells comprising <1% of the total40). These facts led to the conclusion that macrophages are the major effector cells involved.31 Supporting evidence ...
The Lymphatic System
... • Lymph exits through efferent lymphatic vessels • Fewer efferent than afferent vessels causes flow to be slowed ...
... • Lymph exits through efferent lymphatic vessels • Fewer efferent than afferent vessels causes flow to be slowed ...
imun-inter03 - Website Staff UI
... Immunological surveillance: NK cells Interferons, complement system Inflammatory responses, fever ...
... Immunological surveillance: NK cells Interferons, complement system Inflammatory responses, fever ...
Drosophila as a model for the two myeloid blood cell systems in
... during Drosophila embryonic and larval hematopoiesis. Drosophila tissue hemocytes originate as prohemocyte progenitors (blue) in the head mesoderm at around embryonic stage 7. After four rounds of division, progenitors cease proliferation and differentiate into 600–700 macrophages (red) and a small ...
... during Drosophila embryonic and larval hematopoiesis. Drosophila tissue hemocytes originate as prohemocyte progenitors (blue) in the head mesoderm at around embryonic stage 7. After four rounds of division, progenitors cease proliferation and differentiate into 600–700 macrophages (red) and a small ...
Nature of the Immune System
... their damaging enzymatic contents into the vacuole and destroy the microorganism. There are a number of killing mechanisms operating in the vacuoles of phagocytic cells. One of the major mechanisms involves hydrogen peroxide which, acting along with an intracellular enzyme, is rapidly lethal to many ...
... their damaging enzymatic contents into the vacuole and destroy the microorganism. There are a number of killing mechanisms operating in the vacuoles of phagocytic cells. One of the major mechanisms involves hydrogen peroxide which, acting along with an intracellular enzyme, is rapidly lethal to many ...
Cells Injury of Transplanted Liver Parenchymal Mediating CD4
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
B7-1, B7-2 and class II MHC molecules in idiopathic pulmonary
... Hagimoto, N. Hara. #ERS Journals Ltd 2000. ABSTRACT: Interstitial lung diseases are thought to be associated with the infiltration of activated T-lymphocytes. To induce an effective immune response, antigen-presenting cells have to not only present antigenic peptide with major histocompatibility com ...
... Hagimoto, N. Hara. #ERS Journals Ltd 2000. ABSTRACT: Interstitial lung diseases are thought to be associated with the infiltration of activated T-lymphocytes. To induce an effective immune response, antigen-presenting cells have to not only present antigenic peptide with major histocompatibility com ...
Innate immune recognition
... - Phagocytes => Phagocytosis - Soluble molecules (antimicrobial peptides) 3. When innate immunity fails to eliminate invasive pathogens, adaptive immunity starts the 2nd wave immune attack. ...
... - Phagocytes => Phagocytosis - Soluble molecules (antimicrobial peptides) 3. When innate immunity fails to eliminate invasive pathogens, adaptive immunity starts the 2nd wave immune attack. ...
Strategies of professional phagocytes in vivo
... antimicrobial mechanisms. These mechanisms mainly rely on the activities of the two dedicated so-called ‘professional phagocytes’, macrophages and neutrophils. The differential features of these two cell types and the molecular mechanisms underlying microbe phagocytosis and killing have been extensi ...
... antimicrobial mechanisms. These mechanisms mainly rely on the activities of the two dedicated so-called ‘professional phagocytes’, macrophages and neutrophils. The differential features of these two cell types and the molecular mechanisms underlying microbe phagocytosis and killing have been extensi ...
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells: role in the diagnosis
... diagnosis of CAP likely to be caused by extracellular bacteria (CAPEB): three patients had microbiological evidence of a pulmonary infection, based upon a positive culture from BAL samples (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae); and four patients were diagnosed with C ...
... diagnosis of CAP likely to be caused by extracellular bacteria (CAPEB): three patients had microbiological evidence of a pulmonary infection, based upon a positive culture from BAL samples (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae); and four patients were diagnosed with C ...
Slide 1
... Protect mucous membranes from pathogens Prevent the development of self-damaging inflammatory immune responses against harmless environmental antigens Transport of antigens across mucosal surface M-cells ...
... Protect mucous membranes from pathogens Prevent the development of self-damaging inflammatory immune responses against harmless environmental antigens Transport of antigens across mucosal surface M-cells ...
Full Text - PDF - Global Advanced Research Journals
... CD8T cells to trypanosome antigens was observed in trypanotolerant cattle. An increase in CD5B cells, responsible for most serum IgM and production of auto antibodies has been noted in infected cattle. Macrophages play important roles in trypanosomiasis, in synergy with antibodies (phagocytosis) and ...
... CD8T cells to trypanosome antigens was observed in trypanotolerant cattle. An increase in CD5B cells, responsible for most serum IgM and production of auto antibodies has been noted in infected cattle. Macrophages play important roles in trypanosomiasis, in synergy with antibodies (phagocytosis) and ...
Immune Regulation in the Male Genital Tract
... and subsequently transported and presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in association with class 2 major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules can be recognized by the CD4 + cell. Macrophages, one of the major APC, are present in the male genital tract4. In their resting state, m ...
... and subsequently transported and presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in association with class 2 major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules can be recognized by the CD4 + cell. Macrophages, one of the major APC, are present in the male genital tract4. In their resting state, m ...
The Immune System and Effects of the Active Ingredients in Re:Sist
... • Stimulates “early warning system” of epithelial tissues in the gut • Allows immune system to determine appropriate type of response • Increases macrophage activity which indicates a more balanced immune response versus antibody activity • Immune system stimulation effects are more pronounced with ...
... • Stimulates “early warning system” of epithelial tissues in the gut • Allows immune system to determine appropriate type of response • Increases macrophage activity which indicates a more balanced immune response versus antibody activity • Immune system stimulation effects are more pronounced with ...
The homeostatic properties of the mannose receptor in health and
... of MR ligands to their presentation. This would ensure that an effective sampling system, such as MR, can be exploited by the acquired immune system for the presentation of mannosylated ligands associated to infection. The kinetics of appearance of MR+ dendritic cells is consistent with an influx of ...
... of MR ligands to their presentation. This would ensure that an effective sampling system, such as MR, can be exploited by the acquired immune system for the presentation of mannosylated ligands associated to infection. The kinetics of appearance of MR+ dendritic cells is consistent with an influx of ...
Post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS
... such as those with HIV/AIDS as well as previously healthy individuals. Deficiencies in T-cell activation are well-known to be highly associated with host susceptibility in HIV/AIDS as well in animal modeling studies, resulting in poor microbiological control and little host inflammation. However, re ...
... such as those with HIV/AIDS as well as previously healthy individuals. Deficiencies in T-cell activation are well-known to be highly associated with host susceptibility in HIV/AIDS as well in animal modeling studies, resulting in poor microbiological control and little host inflammation. However, re ...
Macrophage
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.